Modeling of coastal water contamination in Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil)

An important tool in environmental management projects and studies due to the complexity of environmental systems, environmental modeling makes it possible to integrate many variables and processes, thereby providing a dynamic view of systems. In this study the bacteriological quality of the coastal waters of Fortaleza (Brazil) was modeled considering multiple contamination sources. Using the software SisBaHiA, the dispersion of thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli from three sources of contamination (rivers, storm drains and submarine outfall) was analyzed. The models took into account variations in bacterial decay due to solar radiation and other environmental factors. Fecal pollution discharged from rivers and storm drains is transported westward by coastal currents, contaminating strips of beach water to the left of each storm drain or river. Exception to this condition only occurs on beaches protected by the breakwater of the harbor, where counterclockwise vortexes reverse this behavior. The results of the models were consistent with field measurements taken during the dry and the rainy season. Our results show that the submarine outfall plume was over 2 km from the nearest beach. The storm drains and the Maceió stream are the main factors responsible for the poor water quality on the waterfront of Fortaleza

Fungal diversity notes 253–366: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota

Histologic Carcinoma Of The Prostate In Autopsies: Frequency, Origin, Extension, Grading And Terminology

Objective: To study the prostate carcinoma incidentally found in autopsies. Material and Methods: The prostates from 150 autopsied men over 40 years of age were dissected in transitional and peripheral zones. The microscopic examination included presence or absence of adenocarcinoma, neoplastic extension, evaluated by the number of fragments, and histologic grading, according to the Gleason system. Results: The frequency was 36.66%, being significantly higher in older patients with no predilection to color. From a total of 55 carcinomas, 56.36% were found in both transitional and peripheral zones, 25.45% only in transitional zone and 18.18% only in peripheral zone. All neoplasias found only in the transitional zone or only in the peripheral zone were not extense and had low grade. When found in both zones, the carcinoma was not very extense and had low grade in the transitional zone, but it was extense and with high grade in the peripheral zone. In 14.54%, 80% and 5.45% of the carcinomas, the Gleason score was 2 - 4, 5 - 6 and 7, respectively. Gleason score 2 - 4 was significantly more frequent in younger patients and score 7 in older patients. Conclusions: There are morphologic evidences of a less malignant potential when the carcinoma is present exclusively in the transitional zone. Final score 2 - 4 was significantly more frequent in younger patients and final score 7 in older patients.283197205Billis, A., Latent carcinoma and atypical lesions of prostate: An autopsy study (1986) Urology, 28, pp. 324-329Billis, A., (1997), p. 88. , Uropatologia - Próstata. Guia Prático para o Diagnóstico Anatomopatológico. Goiânia, UFGBaron, E., Angrist, A., Incidence of occult adenocarcinoma of the prostate after fifty years of age (1941) Arch. Pathol, 32, pp. 787-793Moore, R.A., The evolution and involution of the prostate gland (1936) Am. J. Pathol, 12, pp. 599-624Billis, A., Prostatic atrophy: An autopsy study of a histologic mimic of adenocarcinoma (1998) Mod. Pathol, 11, pp. 47-54Grignon, D.J., Sakr, W.A., Zonal origin of prostatic adenocarcinoma: Are there biologic differences between transition zone and peripheral zone adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland? (1994) J. Cell Biochem, 19 (SUPPL.), pp. 267-269Bostwick, D.G., Neoplasms of the Prostate (1997) Urologic Surgical Pathology, 386. , Bostwick DG, Eble JN (eds.). St. Louis, MosbyEpstein, J.I., Gleason score 2 - 4 adenocarcinoma, of the prostate on needle biopsy: A diagnosis that should not be done (2000) Am. J. Surg. Pathol, 24, pp. 477-478Epstein, J.I., Pathologists should retain their individuality! (2000) Am. J. Surg. Pathol, 24, pp. 1443-1444. , (letter to the editor)Moore, R.A., The morphology of small prostatic carcinoma (1935) J. Urol, 33, pp. 224-234Rich, A.R., On the frequency of occurrence of occult carcinoma of the prostate (1935) J. Urol, 33, pp. 215-223Andrews, G.S., Latent carcinoma of the prostate (1949) J. Clin. Pathol, 2, pp. 197-208Isaacs, J.T., Molecular markers for prostate cancer metastasis: Developing diagnostic methods for predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (1997) Am. J. Pathol, 150, pp. 1511-1521Kahler, J.E., Carcinoma of the prostate gland: A pathologic study (1939) J. Urol, 41, pp. 557-574Strahan, R.W., Carcinoma of the prostate: Incidence, origin, pathology (1963) J. Urol, 89, pp. 875-880McNeal, J.E., The prostate and prostatic urethra: A morphological synthesis (1972) J. Urol, 107, pp. 1008-1016Mostofi, F.K., Price E.B., Jr., (1973) Tumors of the Male Genital System, Atlas of Tumor Pathology, pp. 202-217. , Second Series, Fascicle 8. 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Cancer, 17, pp. 952-957Wynder, E.L., Mabuchi, K., Whitmore Y.F., Jr., Epidemiology of cancer of the prostate (1971) Cancer, 28, pp. 344-360Akazaki, K., Stermmermann, G.N., Comparative study of latent carcinoma of the prostate among japanese in Japan and Hawaii (1973) JNCI, 50, pp. 1137-1144Hutchison, G.B., Epidemiology of prostatic cancer (1976) Semin. Oncol, 3, pp. 151-159Rous, P., The challenge to man of the neoplastic cell (1967) Science, 157, pp. 24-28Franks, L.M., Etiology, epidemiology, and pathology of prostate cancer (1973) Cancer, 32, pp. 1092-1095Greene, D.R., Wheeler, T.M., Egawa, S., Dunn, J.K., Scardino, P.T., A comparison of the morphological features of cancer arising in the transition zone and in the peripheral zone of the prostate (1991) J. Urol, 146, pp. 1069-1076Greene, D.R., Wheeler, T.M., Egawa, S., Weaver, R.P., Scardino, P.T., Relationship between clinical stage and histological zone of origin in early prostate cancer: Morphometric analysis (1991) Br. J. 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