Physicochemical and microbial analysis of feces from horses fed diets containing citrus pulp.

This study aimed to evaluate the e ect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physic-chemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the oor, immediately after defecation, in the rst feces the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced di erences (P0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physio-chemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces

Expression of a hantavirus N protein and its efficacy as antigen in immune assays

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has been recognized as an important public heath problem. Five hantaviruses associated with HCPS are currently known in Brazil: Juquitiba, Araraquara, Laguna Negra-like, Castelo dos Sonhos, and Anajatuba viruses. The laboratory diagnosis of HCPS is routinely carried out by the detection of anti-hantavirus IgM and/or IgG antibodies. The present study describes the expression of the N protein of a hantavirus detected in the blood sample of an HCPS patient. The entire S segment of the virus was amplified and found to be 1858 nucleotides long, with an open reading frame of 1287 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 429 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence described here showed a high identity with the N protein gene of Araraquara virus. The entire N protein was expressed using the vector pET200D and the Escherichia coli BL21 strain. The expression of the recombinant protein was confirmed by the detection of a 52-kDa protein by Western blot using a pool of human sera obtained from HCPS patients, and by specific IgG detection in five serum samples of HCPS patients tested by ELISA. These results suggest that the recombinant N protein could be used as an antigen for the serological screening of hantavirus infection.FAPES

Culture in vitro of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) embryos´seeds and buds explants

This study deals with the establishment in vitro of Aniba rosaeodora Ducke explants, free from fungical and endogenous contaminations and phenolic oxidation. Bud explants and embryos' seeds from many maturation stages were used in this trial. The explants were disinfected with Ampicilin antibiotic, Streptomicine Sulphate (Agrimicina), etanol (70%), sodium hipoclorite in many concentrations and exposure time acording to the type of explant. For the phenolic oxidation control, the immersion on ascorbic acid and PVP (Polyvinilpirrolidone) in culture medium were used. The explants were inoculated in MS medium. The statistical design was the completely randomized and the treatments and repetitions varied according to the type of explant adopted. After 45 days, 100% of survival and 53% of germination in embryos were observed, which had been desinfested by sodium hipoclorite (50%) for 10 minutes and inoculated in MS medium, supplemented with 20 ml of coconut water. Satisfactory results (51% of survival) were observed in bud´s explants, which had been treated by immersion in 300 mg.l-1 of Agrimicina and 25% when submitted in 500 mg.l-1 on vacuum pre-treatment.", 'enEste trabalho teve como objetivo o estabelecimento in vitro de embriões e de gemas de mudas de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) livres de contaminações e de oxidação fenólica. As gemas foram obtidas da rebrota de mudas cultivadas em viveiro e os embriões a partir de sementes em diversos estágios de maturação. Para a assepsia dos explantes foram utilizados dois antibiótico (Ampicilina e Agrimicina), etanol (70%) e hipoclorito de sódio, em concentrações e tempo de exposição variando em função do tratamento. Para o controle da oxidação foram utilizados imersão em ácido ascórbico (250 mg/l) e PVP (Polivinilpirrolidona) no meio Murashige & Skoog (MS). O delineamento estatístico empregado foi o inteiramente ao acaso com tratamentos e repetições em função do tipo de explante. Foi observado 71% de sobrevivência e 53% de germinação de embriões tratados com hipoclorito de sódio (50% e 2% de cloro ativo) por 10 minutos e inoculados em meio MS contendo 20 mg/l de água de côco após 45 dias. As gemas das rebrotas de mudas tratadas com solução de Sulfato de Estreptomicina (Agrimicina) na concentração de 500 mg/l (1h) apresentaram 51% de sobrevivência. Quando submetidas ao pré-tratamento com o emprego de bomba a vácuo (180 mmHg) contendo a Agrimicina (500 mg/l), apresentaram 25% de sobrevivência

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma – Ecstasy) Decreases Neutrophil Activity Through The Glucocorticoid Pathway And Impairs Host Resistance To Listeria Monocytogenes Infection In Mice

Ecstasy is the popular name of the abuse drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) that decreases immunity in animals. The mechanisms that generate such alterations are still controversial. Seven independent pharmacological approaches were performed in mice to identify the possible mechanisms underlying the decrease of neutrophil activity induced by MDMA and the possible effects of MDMA on host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. Our data showed that MDMA (10 mg kg−1) administration decreases NFκB expression in circulating neutrophils. Metyrapone or RU-486 administration prior to MDMA treatment abrogated MDMA effects on neutrophil activity and NFκB expression, while 6-OHDA or ICI-118,551 administration did not. As MDMA treatment increased the plasmatic levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline, propranolol pre-treatment effects were also evaluated. Propranolol suppressed both MDMA-induced increase in corticosterone serum levels and its effects on neutrophil activity. In a L. monocytogenes experimental infection context, we showed that MDMA: induced myelosuppression by decreasing granulocyte-macrophage hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM) in the bone marrow but increased CFU-GM in the spleen; decreased circulating leukocytes and bone marrow cellularity and increased spleen cellularity; decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-12p70, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1) production 24 h after the infection; increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines 72 h after infection and decreased IL-10 levels at all time points analyzed. It was proposed that MDMA immunosuppressive effects on neutrophil activity and host resistance to L monocytogenes rely on NFκB signaling, being mediated by HPA axis activity and corticosterone.95690702Abraham, E., Alterations in cell signaling in sepsis (2005) Clin Infect Dis, 41, pp. S459-S464. , PID: 16237648, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1emu7vKBasu, S., Dasgupta, P.S., Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, influences the immune system (2000) J Neuroimmunol, 102 (2), pp. 113-124. , PID: 10636479, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVKqt7o%3DBoyle, N.T., Connor, T.J., MDMA (“Ecstasy”) suppresses the innate IFN-gamma response in vivo: a critical role for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (2007) Eur J Pharmacol, 572 (2-3), pp. 228-238. , PID: 17689526, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVOlsbjOBoyle, N.T., Connor, T.J., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’)-induced immunosuppression: a cause for concern? (2010) Br J Pharmacol, 161 (1), pp. 17-32. , PID: 20718737, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1KjurrPBrinkmann, V., Reichard, U., Goosmann, C., Fauler, B., Uhlemann, Y., Weiss, D.S., Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria (2004) Science, 303 (5663), pp. 1532-1535. , PID: 15001782, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhslCgsb8%3DBugajski, J., Turon, M., Gadek-Michalska, A., Borycz, J.A., Catecholaminergic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity (1991) J Physiol Pharmacol, 42 (1), pp. 93-103. , PID: 1681965, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhtFOgtr8%3DBugajski, J., Gadek-Michalska, A., Olowska, A., Borycz, J., Glod, R., Bugajski, A.J., Adrenergic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis under basal and social stress conditions (1995) J Physiol Pharmacol, 46 (3), pp. 297-312. , PID: 8527811, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpsVSgtL4%3DCamarasa, J., Ros, C., Pubill, D., Escubedo, E., Tumour necrosis factor alpha suppression by MDMA is mediated by peripheral heteromeric nicotinic receptors (2010) Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 32 (2), pp. 265-271. , PID: 20105082, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlsFGjtrs%3DCao, L., Filipov, N.M., Lawrence, D.A., Sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in acute cold/restraint stress inhibition of host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (2002) J Neuroimmunol, 125 (1-2), pp. 94-102. , PID: 11960645, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVSht7g%3DCao, L., Hudson, C.A., Lawrence, D.A., Acute cold/restraint stress inhibits host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes via beta1-adrenergic receptors (2003) Brain Behav Immun, 17 (2), pp. 121-133. , PID: 12676574, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFSnsb0%3DConnor, T.J., McNamara, M.G., Finn, D., Currid, A., O’Malley, M., Redmond, A.M., Acute 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administration produces a rapid and sustained suppression of immune function in the rat (1998) Immunopharmacology, 38 (3), pp. 253-260. , PID: 9506825, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislyrsA%3D%3DConnor, T.J., Kelly, J.P., McGee, M., Leonard, B.E., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMAEcstasy) suppresses IL-1beta and TNF-alpha secretion following an in vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge (2000) Life Sci, 67 (13), pp. 1601-1612. , PID: 10983854, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtFygurs%3DConnor, T.J., Connelly, D.B., Kelly, J.P., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA‘Ecstasy’) suppresses antigen specific IgG2a and IFN-gamma production (2001) Immunol Lett, 78 (2), pp. 67-73. , PID: 11672589, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlslCntrc%3DConnor, T.J., Harkin, A., Kelly, J.P., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine suppresses production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha independent of a beta-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in interleukin-10 (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 312 (1), pp. 134-143. , PID: 15331655, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWmt7Y%3DCousens, L.P., Wing, E.J., Innate defenses in the liver during Listeria infection (2000) Immunol Rev, 174, pp. 150-159. , PID: 10807514, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtVygsrY%3DDalrymple, S.A., Lucian, L.A., Slattery, R., McNeil, T., Aud, D.M., Fuchino, S., Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection: correlation with inefficient neutrophilia (1995) Infect Immun, 63 (6), pp. 2262-2268. , PID: 7768607, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXlvFels7c%3Dde la Torre, R., Farre, M., Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): the limitations of scaling from animals to humans (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 25 (10), pp. 505-508. , PID: 15380932de Paula, V.F., Ribeiro, A., Pinheiro, M.L., Sakai, M., Lacava, M.C., Lapachinske, S.F., Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) decreases neutrophil activity and alters leukocyte distribution in bone marrow, spleen and blood (2009) Neuroimmunomodulation, 16 (3), pp. 191-200. , PID: 19246942Emoto, M., Miyamoto, M., Emoto, Y., Yoshizawa, I., Brinkmann, V., van Rooijen, N., Highly biased type 1 immune responses in mice deficient in LFA-1 in Listeria monocytogenes infection are caused by elevated IL-12 production by granulocytes (2003) J Immunol, 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Lazzarini, R., Cavriani, G., Quinteiro-Filho, W.M., Tavares de Lima, W., Palermo-Neto, J., Effects of single or repeated amphetamine treatment and withdrawal on lung allergic inflammation in rats (2008) Int Immunopharmacol, 8 (9), pp. 1164-1171. , PID: 18602061, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotlGitrg%3DMackaness, G.B., Cellular resistance to infection (1962) J Exp Med, 116, pp. 381-406. , PID: 14467923, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaF38%2FmvFersA%3D%3DMassoco, C., Palermo-Neto, J., Effects of midazolam on equine innate immune response: a flow cytometric study (2003) Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 95 (1-2), pp. 11-19. , PID: 12969632, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntVGqtbk%3DMetcalf, D., The molecular biology and functions of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (1986) Blood, 67 (2), pp. 257-267. , PID: 3002522, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL28Xht1ehsb8%3DMizruchin, A., Gold, I., Krasnov, I., Livshitz, G., Shahin, R., Kook, A.I., Comparison of the effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the CNS on the activity of the immune system (1999) J Neuroimmunol, 101 (2), pp. 201-204. , PID: 10580803, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlent7k%3DNecela, B.M., Cidlowski, J.A., Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor action in noninflammatory and inflammatory cells (2004) Proc Am Thorac Soc, 1 (3), pp. 239-246. , PID: 16113441, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFGisrs%3DNelson, D.A., Nirmaier, J.L., Singh, S.J., Tolbert, M.D., Bost, K.L., Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) limits murine gammaherpesvirus-68 induced monokine expression (2008) Brain Behav Immun, 22 (6), pp. 912-922. , PID: 18280699, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotlGjtb0%3DNewton, C.A., Lu, T., Nazian, S.J., Perkins, I., Friedman, H., Klein, T.W., The THC-induced suppression of Th1 polarization in response to Legionella pneumophila infection is not mediated by increases in corticosterone and PGE2 (2004) J Leukoc Biol, 76 (4), pp. 854-861. , PID: 15258190, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXot12nsbY%3DPacifici, R., Farre, M., Pichini, S., Ortuno, J., Roset, P.N., Zuccaro, P., Sweat testing of MDMA with the Drugwipe analytical device: a controlled study with two volunteers (2001) J Anal Toxicol, 25 (2), pp. 144-146. , PID: 11300507, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitFajtL0%3DPacifici, R., Zuccaro, P., Farre, M., Pichini, S., Di Carlo, S., Roset, P.N., Effects of repeated doses of MDMA (“ecstasy”) on cell-mediated immune response in humans (2001) Life Sci, 69 (24), pp. 2931-2941. , PID: 11720096, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotl2gt78%3DPacifici, R., Zuccaro, P., Farre, M., Pichini, S., Di Carlo, S., Roset, P.N., Cell-mediated immune response in MDMA users after repeated dose administration: studies in controlled versus noncontrolled settings (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 965, pp. 421-433. , PID: 12105117, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVOjtbo%3DPacifici, R., Pichini, S., Zuccaro, P., Farre, M., Segura, M., Ortuno, J., Paroxetine inhibits acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on the immune system in humans (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 309 (1), pp. 285-292. , PID: 14722327, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivFamtb0%3DPacifici, R., Zuccaro, P., Farre, M., Poudevida, S., Abanades, S., Pichini, S., Combined immunomodulating properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cannabis in humans (2007) Addiction, 102 (6), pp. 931-936. , PID: 17523988Parrott, A.C., Human psychobiology of MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’: an overview of 25 years of empirical research (2013) Hum Psychopharmacol, 28 (4), pp. 289-307. , PID: 23881877, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFOksbvIPennock, J.W., Stegall, R., Bubar, M.J., Milligan, G., Cunningham, K.A., Bourne, N., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine increases susceptibility to genital herpes simplex virus infection in mice (2009) J Infect Dis, 200 (8), pp. 1247-1250. , PID: 19758099, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlyqsL7OQuax, R.A., Manenschijn, L., Koper, J.W., Hazes, J.M., Lamberts, S.W., van Rossum, E.F., Glucocorticoid sensitivity in health and disease (2013) Nat Rev, 9 (11), pp. 670-686. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFOltbrPQueiroz Jde, S., Torello, C.O., Palermo-Neto, J., Valadares, M.C., Queiroz, M.L., Hematopoietic response of rats exposed to the impact of an acute psychophysiological stressor on responsiveness to an in vivo challenge with Listeria monocytogenes: modulation by Chlorella vulgaris prophylactic treatment (2008) Brain Behav Immun, 22 (7), pp. 1056-1065. , PID: 18420376Rice, P.A., Boehm, G.W., Moynihan, J.A., Bellinger, D.L., Stevens, S.Y., Chemical sympathectomy increases the innate immune response and decreases the specific immune response in the spleen to infection with Listeria monocytogenes (2001) J Neuroimmunol, 114 (1-2), pp. 19-27. , PID: 11240011, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhs1CjtL8%3DSegal, A.W., How neutrophils kill microbes (2005) Annu Rev Immunol, 23, pp. 197-223. , PID: 15771570, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktFOjtbY%3DSerbina, N.V., Kuziel, W., Flavell, R., Akira, S., Rollins, B., Pamer, E.G., Sequential MyD88-independent and -dependent activation of innate immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection (2003) Immunity, 19 (6), pp. 891-901. , PID: 14670305, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVWnsrjKSparwasser, T., Hultner, L., Koch, E.S., Luz, A., Lipford, G.B., Wagner, H., Immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides cause extramedullary murine hemopoiesis (1999) J Immunol, 162 (4), pp. 2368-2374. , PID: 9973517, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhtVOksLg%3DStankevicius, D., Ferraz-de-Paula, V., Ribeiro, A., Pinheiro, M.L., Ligeiro de Oliveira, A.P., Damazo, A.S., 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) decreases inflammation and airway reactivity in a murine model of asthma (2012) Neuroimmunomodulation, 19 (4), pp. 209-219. , PID: 22441537, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XksVOns7c%3DTorello, C.O., de Souza, Q.J., Oliveira, S.C., Queiroz, M.L., Immunohematopoietic modulation by oral beta-1,3-glucan in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes (2010) Int Immunopharmacol, 10 (12), pp. 1573-1579. , PID: 20951668, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVyhtrfFTufail, S., Badrealam, K.F., Owais, M., Zubair, S., Illuminating the petite picture of T cell memory responses to (2013) Biomed Res Int, 2013, p. 121684. , PID: 24171157van den Engh, G., Bol, S., The presence of a CSF enhancing activity in the serum of endotoxin-treated mice (1975) Cell Tissue Kinet, 8 (6), pp. 579-587. , PID: 1081432Verheyden, S.L., Henry, J.A., Curran, H.V., Acute, sub-acute and long-term subjective consequences of ‘ecstasy’ (MDMA) consumption in 430 regular users (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol, 18 (7), pp. 507-517. , PID: 14533132, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVCisL4%3DWilliams, M.A., Schmidt, R.L., Lenz, L.L., Early events regulating immunity and pathogenesis during Listeria monocytogenes infection (2012) Trends Immunol, 33 (10), pp. 488-495. , PID: 22677184, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xot12ns74%3DZemishlany, Z., Aizenberg, D., Weizman, A., Subjective effects of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’) on human sexual function (2001) Eur Psychiatr, 16 (2), pp. 127-130. , 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Aplicação da teoria de Parse no relacionamento enfermeiro-indivíduo Nurse-person relationship based on Parse's theory

O estudo tem o objetivo de relatar experiências de situações vividas pelas autoras ao aplicarem os fundamentos da teoria de Parse "Human Becoming" e apresentar seus princípios e conceitos visando divulgá-la. Após estudo teórico para a compreensão da teoria, os seus princípios foram aplicados na prática. As autoras constataram que isto implica em mudança de valores e crenças do enfermeiro, transformando sua visão sobre o ser humano e sua saúde, tornando o cuidado mais humanístico. A experiência vivenciada possibilitou amadurecimento pessoal e profissional das autoras.<br>This study has the purpose of telling experiences lived by the authors, using the foundations of Parse's theory, "Human Becoming". They observed the study of the theory and its aplication in nursing practice claim for changes in nurse's values and beliefs, transforming her vision about human being and health, giving a more humanistic care. This lived experience allowed personal and professional maturation for the authors and stimulated them to divulge the theory to contribute for the nursing growth and improve the person's quality of life