19,653 research outputs found

    Evidence for a Very Large-Scale Fractal Structure in the Universe from Cobe Measurements

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    In this work, we analyse the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background radiation observed by COBE and show that the distribution can be fitted by a fractal distribution with a fractal dimension D=1.43±0.07 D= 1.43 \pm 0.07 . This value is in close agreement with the fractal dimension obtained by Coleman and Pietronero (1992) and Luo and Schramm (1992) from galaxy-galaxy and cluster-cluster correlations up to 100h1Mpc \sim 100 h^{-1} Mpc. The fact that the observed temperature fluctuations correspond to scales much larger than 100h1Mpc 100 h^{-1} Mpc and are signatures of the primordial density fluctuations at the recombination layer suggests that the structure of the matter at the early universe was already fractal and thus non-homogeneous on those scales. This result may have important consequences for the theoretical framework that describes the universe.Comment: 11 pages, postscript file, 2 figures available upon request. To appear in ApJ Letter

    Signature of the interaction between dark energy and dark matter in observations

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    We investigate the effect of an interaction between dark energy and dark matter upon the dynamics of galaxy clusters. This effect is computed through the Layser-Irvine equation, which describes how an astrophysical system reaches virial equilibrium and was modified to include the dark interactions. Using observational data from almost 100 purportedly relaxed galaxy clusters we put constraints on the strength of the couplings in the dark sector. We compare our results with those from other observations and find that a positive (in the sense of energy flow from dark energy to dark matter) non vanishing interaction is consistent with the data within several standard deviations.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures; matches PRD published versio

    Tolerância de variedades de mamão (Carica papaya L.) à salinidade.

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    Nos Estados da Bahia e do Espírito Santo, principais regiões produtoras de mamão do Brasil, essa cultura está concentrada no ecossistema dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, onde são registradas, em alguns meses, precipitações inferiores à demanda. Assim, para que o mamoeiro alcance altas produtividades, o emprego de irrigações suplementares constitui-se em uma prática importante e imprescindível. Porém, um problema que se tem verificado nessas regiões é a qualidade da água dos poços, açudes e rios, que nem sempre é adequada ao crescimento normal das plantas, em razão, principalmente, da relativa alta concentração de sais. Em geral, a inibição do crescimento das plantas sob condições salinas é conseqüência de seus efeitos osmóticos, que pode induzir condições de estresse hídrico à planta e, ou, de efeitos dos íons Na+ e Cl-, que podem acarretar toxidez direta e desordens nutricionais. Apesar da importância desse problema, aspectos relacionados à sensibilidade do mamoeiro ao estresse salino não tem sido merecedores de estudos. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a resposta diferencial de variedades de mamoeiro à salinidade.PDF. 015

    Quadratic Effective Action for QED in D=2,3 Dimensions

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    We calculate the effective action for Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) in D=2,3 dimensions at the quadratic approximation in the gauge fields. We analyse the analytic structure of the corresponding nonlocal boson propagators nonperturbatively in k/m. In two dimensions for any nonzero fermion mass, we end up with one massless pole for the gauge boson . We also calculate in D=2 the effective potential between two static charges separated by a distance L and find it to be a linearly increasing function of L in agreement with the bosonized theory (massive Sine-Gordon model). In three dimensions we find nonperturbatively in k/m one massive pole in the effective bosonic action leading to screening. Fitting the numerical results we derive a simple expression for the functional dependence of the boson mass upon the dimensionless parameter e^{2}/m .Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

    The silicon stable isotope distribution along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01) of the North Atlantic Ocean

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    The stable isotope composition of dissolved silicon in seawater (δ30SiDSi) was examined at 10 stations along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01), spanning the North Atlantic Ocean (40–60∘ N) and Labrador Sea. Variations in δ30SiDSi below 500 m were closely tied to the distribution of water masses. Higher δ30SiDSi values are associated with intermediate and deep water masses of northern Atlantic or Arctic Ocean origin, whilst lower δ30SiDSi values are associated with DSi-rich waters sourced ultimately from the Southern Ocean. Correspondingly, the lowest δ30SiDSi values were observed in the deep and abyssal eastern North Atlantic, where dense southern-sourced waters dominate. The extent to which the spreading of water masses influences the δ30SiDSi distribution is marked clearly by Labrador Sea Water (LSW), whose high δ30SiDSi signature is visible not only within its region of formation within the Labrador and Irminger seas, but also throughout the mid-depth western and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Both δ30SiDSi and hydrographic parameters document the circulation of LSW into the eastern North Atlantic, where it overlies southern-sourced Lower Deep Water. The GEOVIDE δ30SiDSi distribution thus provides a clear view of the direct interaction between subpolar/polar water masses of northern and southern origin, and allow examination of the extent to which these far-field signals influence the local δ30SiDSi distribution

    High Levels of Chromosomal Differentiation in Euchroma gigantea L. 1735 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)

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    Euchroma giganteawas karyotypically studied using conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate staining and ribosomal fluorescent in situ hybridization (rDNA FISH). Broad wide autosomal polymorphism and a complex sex determination system were found in this beetle. Karyotype complements ranging from 2n = 32, X1X2X3Y1Y2Y3 to 2n = 36,X1X2X3Y1Y2Y3 were detected in the sample analyzed. Punctiform suernumerary chromosomes were present in the different karyotypes. The karyotypic evolution of Brazilian E. giganteamay have taken two directions, reduction in the diploid number of 2n = 36 to 24 through centric fusions or 2n = 24 to 36 due to chromosomal fissions. In addition, pericentric inversions were also involved. The complex multiple sex mechanism of this species seems to be old and well established since it is found in specimens from different populations. Small pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were located on the autosomes and terminal blocks were also found on some small pairs. The sex chromosomes showed larger constitutive heterochromatin blocks. Silver nitrate staining during prophase I of meiosis showed labeling of the sex chromosome chain. However, the rDNA sites could only be precisely determined by FISH, which permitted the identification of these ribosomal sites on chromosomes X1 and X2 of this species

    Eficiência de tratamentos silviculturais por anelamento na floresta do Jari, Amapá.

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    O anelamento é um tratamento silvicultural aplicado nas florestas tropicais com o objetivo de manter ou até aumentar a produtividade das espécies exploradas comercialmente para o próximo ciclo de corte. Neste trabalho, analisou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis de exploração e tratamentos silviculturais sobre a dinâmica da floresta remanescente na região do Jari/AP. O tratamento silvicultural foi realizado em 1994, aplicando-se dois tipos de desbaste: desbaste sistemático, com intensidades de redução da área basal original de 30% e 0% e o desbaste seletivo (anelamento com entalhes e aplicação de arboricida). Na aplicação do tratamento, foram aneladas em média 18,3 árvores.ha-1, 2,1 m2.ha-1 de área basal e 5,1 m3.ha-1 de volume, com total de 495 indivíduos anelados (de 93 espécies). A quantidade de árvores mortas em consequência do anelamento variou consideravelmente entre os tratamentos. De maneira geral, o anelamento com a aplicação do arboricida mostrou maior efeito em função da espécie do que com o tamanho das árvores. Espécies com troncos ulcados apresentaram baixa mortalidade. Árvores com diâmetro inferior a 50 cm apresentaram mortalidade de 61 a 90%. Nas classes diamétricas superiores, a taxa de mortalidade foi semelhante, em torno de 69 a 100%

    Alterações morfológicas e crescimento de duas espécies gramíneas sob alagamento.

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    Este trabalho objetivou investigar as respostas morfológicas e o crescimento de Brachiaria brizantha e Paspalum fasciculatum cultivadas durante 21 dias sob condições de alagamento. A baixa disponibilidade de oxigênio devido ao alagamento reduziu significativamente as taxas de crescimento relativo e assimilatória líquida de B. brizantha, assim como a alocação de biomassa para raízes, aos 14 dias de alagamento. Em P. fasciculatum, as reduções das taxas e da alocação de biomassa foram significativas somente aos 21 dias de alagamento. Nas espécies estudadas, as adaptações morfológicas foram claramente evidenciadas com a formação de grande quantidade de raízes adventícias, que provavelmente contribuíram para a sobrevivência das mesmas à hipóxia. Estes resultados indicam que a espécie P. fasciculatum é mais tolerante ao alagamento quando comparada com B. brizantha
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