Reforma de etanol para producción de hidrógeno: evaluación del efecto de la proporción vapo/carbono

Anais do III Encontro de Iniciação Científica da Unila - Sessão de Engenharia de Energias Renováveis - 06/11/14 – 15h50 às 18h30 - Unila-PTI - Bloco 09 – Espaço 02 – Sala 02Entendiendo la demanda energética de la población hoy en día como una necesidad que debe ser satisfecha se ha incursionado en el estudio del hidrógeno como potencial fuente alternativa de energía cuya ventaja radica en que además de encontrarse en abundancia en la naturaleza es una alternativa energética de menor impacto ambiental. El hidrógeno puede ser obtenido tanto a partir de fuentes de energía renovables como de origen fósil. El reformado de etanol para obtener ese elemento es un fuerte camino a seguir y aún más en América Latina donde se apuesta a la obtención de etanol de la caña de azúcar cuyo cultivo está en pleno desarrollo y crecimiento. Al producir hidrógeno a partir de líquidos derivados de la biomasa, como es el caso del etanol, se cuenta con la ventaja de que se genera un ciclo cerrado de carbono, es decir, las emisiones de dióxido de carbono producidas en el reformado de etanol son consumidas por la biomasa en crecimiento, de esta forma no contribuye significativamente al aumento de gases de efecto invernadero. Asimismo, existe el inconveniente de que el reformado de etanol con vapor de agua va acompañado de reacciones paralelas, las cuales dan lugar a otros subproductos no deseados y que también son gases de efecto invernadero, tales como monóxido de carbono y metano. Las condiciones termodinámicas (presión, temperatura, proporción vapor/etanol) bajo las que se lleva a cabo el complejo sistema de reacciones del reformado de etanol y producción de hidrógeno determinan la selectividad de este último, es decir, la proporción de subproductos obtenidos está directamente relacionada con estas condiciones, un estudio minucioso para especificar cómo se deben dar dichas condiciones intenta obtener una conversión casi total de hidrógeno. Para lograr este objetivo se busca encontrar qué catalizador es preferible utilizar; a qué temperatura y presión se trabaja también son datos fundamentales a establecer así como también lo es la proporción vapor de agua/carbono. Se ha realizado gran cantidad de investigaciones para determinar dichas condiciones, en este estudio se buscó identificar los resultados obtenidos en relación a qué proporción de vapor/carbono contribuye a una mayor conversión de hidrógeno. En líneas generales diversas investigaciones han concluido que, dependiendo de la temperatura una proporción cercana a 3, la relación estequiométrica, es favorable para la producción de hidrógeno. Los diversos trabajos analizados también mostraron que favorece el proceso con el exceso de agua que se alimenta, ya que este inhibe la deposición de coque sobre la superficie del catalizador, mientras que el mantenimiento de la actividad y selectividad de los mismos.Voluntaria ; Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA

Automated mapping process of frontal area and thermal potential indexes: GIS algorithm development and implementation

The impacts of urban areas on microclimate conditions are well-known and highlight the importance of climatological guided urban planning. The growth and evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have set a backdrop for implementing strategies to apply urban climatological knowledge in planning daily practice. This research brings algorithms to automate the Frontal Area Index (FAI) and Thermal Potential Index (TPI) mapping process. This type of algorithms type facilitates the extraction of detailed spatial information for the decision-making process, making it highly relevant for urban planning and management. Their calculation method is implemented as ESRI © ArcGIS Pro embedded Python Stand Alone Script Tools, using the Python ArcPy library to access the ArcGIS geoprocessing functions. The algorithms are described in detail, allowing their implementation in other GIS platforms. The output maps allow the urban thermal conditions and morphology assessment. The findings from this research may substantially contribute both to the advance in the urban climatology scientific field and to guide urban planners' and managers' practical decision making.This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001; the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brazil (CNPq); and from the Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction - Portugal (CTAC)

Comparison of Two Protocols for the Assessment of Maximal Respiratory Pressures: Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Versus American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society

[Abstract] Background. The measurement of maximal respiratory pressures (MRPs) is commonly used to assess respiratory muscle strength. However, in Spain, there is no consensus on which is the most adequate measurement protocol, as the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) protocol differs from the one endorsed by the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). This study compared the absolute and predictive values of maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressures (MEP and MIP) in healthy adults obtained with the two protocols. Methods. A cross-sectional study with a sample of healthy adults was conducted. Lung function and MRPs were assessed. MEP and MIP were measured using a digital manometer according to the SEPAR and ATS/ERS. Protocols were applied in random order by the same trained physiotherapist. The comfort experienced with each protocol was assessed through a short questionnaire. Paired t-tests were used to compare the results from both protocols. Results. A total of 31 subjects (mean age 35.7±12.4 years; 14 females; FEV₁=108.3±10.5%; FVC=103.7±10%) were included. There was a significant difference between MRPs favouring the SEPAR protocol, with the mean difference being 34.9±28.1 cmH₂O (p˂0.001) for MEP and 8±11.6 cmH₂O (p=0.001) for MIP. ATS/ERS protocol was, however, considered more comfortable than SEPAR (p<0.005). Conclusions. This study shows that, in healthy adults, higher MRPs are obtained using the SEPAR protocol. Yet, the ATS/ERS protocol is experienced as more comfortable. Future studies are needed to analyse the application of both protocols in other populations and their associated comfort

Cuidado e proteção aos idosos institucionalizados na perspectiva da vigilância sanitária

Health care in the western world has undergone major changes, influenced by cultural, economic and institutional events and transformations. The institutions that deal with this care have undergone transformations – from secularization to the phenomenon of commodification/marketing process. This article aims to develop, based on a bibliographical review on care, health care, situation and care for the elderly in institutions that perform human care, a notion of care in sanitary surveillance and care carried out by Sanitary Surveillance in Long-Term Institutions. It is observed that the care of the State to the institutionalized elderly occurs in a limited and fragmented way and without the proper connection between the sectors. The action of Sanitary Surveillance occurs predominantly by regulation.O cuidado à saúde no mundo ocidental tem passado por importantes mudanças, influenciado por acontecimentos e transformações culturais, econômicas e institucionais. As instituições que se ocupam desse cuidado têm vivenciado processos de transformação em relação ao mesmo – da secularização ao fenômeno da mercantilização/marketização. Este artigo tem por objetivo elaborar, a partir de revisão bibliográfica sobre o cuidar, o cuidado em saúde, situação e atenção ao idoso em instituições que realizam o cuidado humano, uma noção de cuidado em vigilância sanitária e de cuidado realizado pela Vigilância Sanitária nas Instituições de Longa Permanência (ILPI). Constata-se que o cuidado do Estado ao idoso institucionalizado ocorre de forma limitada e fragmentada e sem o exercício da intersetorialidade. A ação da vigilâncias sanitária se dá, predominantemente, pela regulação

Functional ability in patients with COPD

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Development of lactoferrin-loaded liposomes for the management of dry eye disease and ocular inflammation

Dry eye disease (DED) is a high prevalent multifactorial disease characterized by a lack of homeostasis of the tear film which causes ocular surface inflammation, soreness, and visual disturbance. Conventional ophthalmic treatments present limitations such as low bioavailability and side effects. Lactoferrin (LF) constitutes a promising therapeutic tool, but its poor aqueous stability and high nasolacrimal duct drainage hinder its potential efficacy. In this study, we incorporate lactoferrin into hyaluronic acid coated liposomes by the lipid film method, followed by high pressure homogenization. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Cytotoxicity and ocular tolerance were assayed both in vitro and in vivo using New Zealand rabbits, as well as dry eye and anti-inflammatory treatments. LF loaded liposomes showed an average size of 90 nm, monomodal population, positive surface charge and a high molecular weight protein encapsulation of 53%. Biopharmaceutical behaviour was enhanced by the nanocarrier, and any cytotoxic effect was studied in human corneal epithelial cells. Developed liposomes revealed the ability to reverse dry eye symptoms and possess anti-inflammatory efficacy, without inducing ocular irritation. Hence, lactoferrin loaded liposomes could offer an innovative nanotechnological tool as suitable approach in the treatment of DED.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(2017SGR1477)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

As práticas de terapia ocupacional no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 – revisão bibliográfica

Em 2020 a COVID-19 chega ao Brasil e logo se confirma transmissão comunitária. São realizados debates que, em meio à falta de coordenação nacional, produzem respostas diferentes em cada nível de governo. Há ênfase na atenção hospitalar, necessária para o atendimento dos casos graves. As mudanças na assistência refletem-se em todos os níveis de atenção em Saúde, Educação e Assistência Social em que terapeutas ocupacionais atuam. Objetivou-se conhecer e agrupar as comunicações cientificas de terapeutas ocupacionais no primeiro ano da pandemia. Em março de 2021 realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde que inclui a base Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Portal de Periódicos da Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, além do rastreio nas páginas eletrônicas de sete periódicos ibero-americanos de Terapia Ocupacional. Foram utilizados os descritores “occupational therapy” combinado com os descritores “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “pandemics”, “quarantine”, “syndemics”. Foram incluídos títulos com práticas implementadas durante a pandemia, escritos por ao menos um terapeuta ocupacional, cujo texto estava integralmente disponível, perfazendo 17 artigos agrupados por campo, nível de atenção, população. Predomina a atenção hospitalar com práticas adaptadas à biossegurança, seguida da Atenção Básica, e ampla adoção da Telessaúde.In 2020, COVID-19 arrives in Brazil and community transmission is soon confirmed. Debates are held in the midst of a lack of national coordination, which produces different responses at each level of government. There is an emphasis on hospital care, necessary for the care of severe cases. Changes in care occur in all levels of Health, Education and Social Assistance in which occupational therapists work. The objective was to know and group the scientific communications of occupational therapists in the first year of the pandemic. In March 2021, a bibliographic review was carried out in the Virtual Health Library, which includes the Scientific Electronic Library Online database, the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, in addition to screening the electronic pages of seven Ibero-American journals of Occupational therapy. The descriptors “occupational therapy” were used combined with the descriptors “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, “pandemics”, “quarantine”, “syndemics”. Items with practices implemented during the pandemic, written by at least one occupational therapist, whose text was fully available, were included, totaling 17 articles grouped by field, level of care, population. Hospital care with practices adapted to containment of biohazards predominates, followed by Primary Care, and wide adoption of Telehealth. &nbsp

Clinical characteristics of COPD Phenotypes

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Biopharmaceutical profile of pranoprofen-loaded PLGA nanoparticles containing hydrogels for ocular administration

Two optimized pranoprofen-loaded poly-L-lactic-co glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PF-F1NPs; PF- 39 F2NPs) have been developed and further dispersed into hydrogels for the production of semi-solid formu- 40 lations intended for ocular administration. The optimized PF-NP suspensions were dispersed in freshly 41 prepared carbomer hydrogels (HG_PF-F1NPs and HG_PF-F2NPs) or in hydrogels containing 1% azone 42 (HG_PF-F1NPs-Azone and HG_PF-F2NPs-Azone) in order to improve the ocular biopharmaceutical profile 43 of the selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), by prolonging the contact of the pranopro- 44 fen with the eye, increasing the drug retention in the organ and enhancing its anti-inflammatory and 45 analgesic efficiency. Carbomer 934 has been selected as gel-forming polymer. The hydrogel formulations 46 with or without azone showed a non-Newtonian behavior and adequate physicochemical properties for 47 ocular instillation. The release study of pranoprofen from the semi-solid formulations exhibited a sus- 48 tained release behavior. The results obtained from ex vivo corneal permeation and in vivo anti-inflamma- 49 tory efficacy studies suggest that the ocular application of the hydrogels containing azone was more 50 effective over the azone-free formulations in the treatment of edema on the ocular surface. No signs of 51 ocular irritancy have been detected for the produced hydrogels

Development and characterization of a poloxamer hydrogel composed of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for reepithelization of skin injuries

Wound healing is a natural physiological reaction to tissue injury. Hydrogels show attractive advantages in wound healing not only due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and permeability but also because provide an excellent environment for cell migration and proliferation. The main objective of the present study was the design and characterization of a hydrogel loaded with human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for use in would healing of superficial skin injures. Poloxamer 407® was used as biocompatible biomaterial to embed hMSCs. The developed hydrogel containing 20 % (w/w) of polymer resulted in the best formulation with respect to physical, mechanical, morphological and biological properties. Its high swelling capacity confirmed the hydrogel’s capacity to absorb wounds’ exudate. LIVE/DEAD® assay confirm that hMSCs remained viable for at least 48 h when loaded into the hydrogels. Adding increasing concentrations of hMSCs-loaded hydrogel to the epithelium did not affect keratinocytes’ viability and healing capacity and all wound area was closed in less than one day. Our study opens opportunities to exploit poloxamer hydrogels as cell carriers for the treatment of skin superficial wound