O pleno direito à educação e os desafios docentes em tempos de pandemia no Brasil: The full right to education and the teaching challenges in times of pandemics in Brazil

Este artigo reflete sobre o pleno direito à educação de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 e as implicações educacionais para o período pós-pandêmico, a partir de uma imersão analítica e crítica neste cenário de crise inédita no campo educacional a nível global. Ao apresentar e discutir os limites da virtualidade como modelo escolar e os paradoxos da educação do presente e do futuro, argumenta sobre a necessidade da continuidade educativa e o direito à alfabetização/letramento e à convivência social nos espaços escolares. Além disso, destaca a complexidade do ensino na busca por alternativas para assegurar a educação presencial como direito subjetivo. Conclui que os avanços necessários devem centrar-se na efetivação do conhecimento pedagógico crítico de que já dispomos e na implementação de um currículo que propicie uma visão holística das problemáticas socioambientais planetárias, tão decisiva para o futuro.&nbsp

Histórias de vida e autobiografias na formação de professores e profissão docente (Brasil, 1985-2003)

O texto apresenta uma revisão de trabalhos da área de Educação que fizeram uso das histórias de vida e dos estudos autobiográficos como metodologia de investigação científica no Brasil. Dois recortes foram efetuados, um temporal e outro temático, para focalizar o período compreendido entre 1985 e 2003 e privilegiar dois temas: formação de professores e profissão docente. O objetivo principal foi o de mapear a produção nacional, buscando identificar as temáticas que emergiram com maior força, apontando aspectos lacunares e indicando direções para futuros estudos na área. Várias fontes foram utilizadas: resumos de teses e dissertações (banco de teses da CAPES); textos completos de teses e dissertações defendidas nos programas de pós-graduação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUC-SP - e da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo - FEUSP -; livros; e periódicos científicos. As análises levaram a concluir que o uso dessas abordagens cresceu significativamente no Brasil a partir dos anos de 1990, porém, de modo muito disperso, foram utilizadas muito mais como fonte de dados para o desenvolvimento de um largo espectro de pesquisas e muito timidamente como dispositivos de formação. Todavia, evidenciou-se que a intensificação de tais metodologias contribuiu para renovar as pesquisas sobre os professores, ao mesmo tempo em que fez aflorar o interesse por questões e temáticas novas, tais como as que se configuram, por exemplo, nos estudos sobre profissão, profissionalização e identidades docentes.The text offers a review within the area of Education of the works that make use of life histories and autobiographic studies as a scientific research methodology in Brazil. The period between 1985 and 2003 is focused under two different slants, one temporal, and the other thematic: teacher education and teaching profession. The main purpose here was to map out the national production, seeking to identify the themes that have emerged with greater strength, pointing out deficient aspects, and suggesting directions for future studies in this field. Several sources were utilized: abstracts of theses and dissertations from the CAPES database; complete texts of theses and dissertations presented to the graduate programs of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP - and of the Faculty of Education of the University of São Paulo - FEUSP; books; and scientific journals. The analyses have shown that the use of these approaches has grown significantly in Brazil since the 1990s but, in a very disperse manner, they have been used more as a source of data for the development of a wide spectrum of studies, and only timidly as formation devices. Nevertheless, it has become apparent that the rise of these methodologies has contributed to a renewal in the studies about teachers, at the same time that it has fostered the interest in new issues and themes, such as those developed, for example, in the researches about profession, professionalization and teacher identity

Antimicrobial effect of farnesol, a Candida albicans quorum sensing molecule, on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis growth and morphogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Farnesol is a sesquiterpene alcohol produced by many organisms, and also found in several essential oils. Its role as a quorum sensing molecule and as a virulence factor of <it>Candida albicans </it>has been well described. Studies revealed that farnesol affect the growth of a number of bacteria and fungi, pointing to a potential role as an antimicrobial agent.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Growth assays of <it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>cells incubated in the presence of different concentrations of farnesol were performed by measuring the optical density of the cultures. The viability of fungal cells was determined by MTT assay and by counting the colony forming units, after each farnesol treatment. The effects of farnesol on <it>P. brasiliensis </it>dimorphism were also evaluated by optical microscopy. The ultrastructural morphology of farnesol-treated <it>P. brasiliensis </it>yeast cells was evaluated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, the effects of farnesol on <it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>growth and dimorphism were described. Concentrations of this isoprenoid ranging from 25 to 300 μM strongly inhibited <it>P. brasiliensis </it>growth. We have estimated that the MIC of farnesol for <it>P. brasiliensis </it>is 25 μM, while the MLC is around 30 μM. When employing levels which don't compromise cell viability (5 to 15 μM), it was shown that farnesol also affected the morphogenesis of this fungus. We observed about 60% of inhibition in hyphal development following <it>P. brasiliensis </it>yeast cells treatment with 15 μM of farnesol for 48 h. At these farnesol concentrations we also observed a significant hyphal shortening. Electron microscopy experiments showed that, despite of a remaining intact cell wall, <it>P. brasiliensis </it>cells treated with farnesol concentrations above 25 μM exhibited a fully cytoplasmic degeneration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data indicate that farnesol acts as a potent antimicrobial agent against <it>P. brasiliensis</it>. The fungicide activity of farnesol against this pathogen is probably associated to cytoplasmic degeneration. In concentrations that do not affect fungal viability, farnesol retards the germ-tube formation of <it>P. brasiliensis</it>, suggesting that the morphogenesis of this fungal is controlled by environmental conditions.</p

Productivity and quality of cotton fiber in different planting seasons

Cotton is one of the main agricultural products produced in Brazil. With such a high demand in the market, it is necessary that the cotton cultivars present high productivity and fiber quality. In order to favor the expression of the potential of the genotypes, the cultivation must occur in climatic conditions that provide good development of the plants, being the sowing time a primordial factor for the good performance of the cotton plant. In order to establish an ideal sowing season for different cotton genotypes, the present study aimed to evaluate the best sowing season of cotton genotypes for the environment of Uberlândia (Minas Gerais State), aiming at productivity and fiber quality. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, in the 2016/2017 harvest in the experimental area located at Fazenda Capim Branco, in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State. A randomized complete block design (DBC) with four replications in a 4x7 factorial scheme was used: 4/12 sowing dates: 05/12, 19/12, 30/12, 13/01 and 7 genotypes. 5 strains of the breeding program of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and 2 commercial cultivars. The evaluated characteristics were: seed cotton yield, feather yield, micronaire index, maturity index, fiber length, uniformity of length, short fibers, resistance and elongation. It was concluded that the best sowing season for a high productivity was the one performed on 12/05/16, with emphasis on the UFUJP-Z genotype. For fiber quality, UFUJP-C showed the best results at the 12/19/16 sowing season

Violence against elderly people: characterization of the data reported by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN)

Introduction: Violence against the elderly person can be any act, single or repetitive, or omission, that causes harm or discomfort and reduces the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: To identify the demographic characteristics of elderly victims of violence, notified by the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) in the municipality of Porto Nacional - TO in the year 2014, to characterize the most reported forms of violence, the place of occurrence, the means of aggression and the relationship with the victim. Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The survey was conducted through reports issued by SINAN in Porto Nacional. The study population consisted of 130 reports of violence. Data collection took place in April. The data were released with the help of Excel tables and analyzed through BioEstat 5.0. Result: It was possible to identify that the majority of the elderly were males, with a mean age of 78.3 years, of brown color, who had schooling, married/stable union, retired and had no physical or mental disabilities. In relation to the type of violence suffered by the elderly, physical violence had more notifications. The place of occurrence was in the elderly’s own houses and the relation between aggressor and victim was unknown. Conclusion: The results found in this study evidenced the importance of notifying all the cases and it is suggested a protocol of attendance to people in situation of violence for all the professionals that compose the networks of care, among these, primary care, hospitals, social action department and public prosecutor's office, which could facilitate the identification of signs of violence

An Acidic Thermostable Recombinant Aspergillus nidulans Endoglucanase Is Active towards Distinct Agriculture Residues

Aspergillus nidulans is poorly exploited as a source of enzymes for lignocellulosic residues degradation for biotechnological purposes. This work describes the A. nidulans Endoglucanase A heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris, the purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Active recombinant endoglucanase A (rEG A) was efficiently secreted as a 35 kDa protein which was purified through a two-step chromatography procedure. The highest enzyme activity was detected at 50 ∘ C/pH 4. rEG A retained 100% of activity when incubated at 45 and 55 ∘ C for 72 h. Purified rEG A kinetic parameters towards CMC were determined as = 27.5 ± 4.33 mg/mL, max = 1.185 ± 0.11 mmol/min, and 55.8 IU (international units)/mg specific activity. Recombinant P. pastoris supernatant presented hydrolytic activity towards lignocellulosic residues such as banana stalk, sugarcane bagasse, soybean residues, and corn straw. These data indicate that rEG A is suitable for plant biomass conversion into products of commercial importance, such as second-generation fuel ethanol

Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells

This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. Bailão, Ana Lídia Bonato, André C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, Cléber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, Flábio R. Araújo, Flávia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, João Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, Kláudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, Luís Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. Araújo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, Nádia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, Patrícia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets

A eficácia do transplante de microbiota fecal em portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais / The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

INTRODUÇÃO: O termo “Doença inflamatória intestinal” (DII) aplica-se a duas patologias intestinais crônicas: a Doença de Crohn (DC) e a Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Sabe-se que a composição da microbiota na DII é alterada em comparação com a de indivíduos saudáveis. Sendo assim, o Transplante de Microbiota Fecal (TMF) tem sido destacado como uma inovadora abordagem terapêutica nas DII. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão narrativa, o qual objetiva transcorrer sobre a eficácia do TMF na terapêutica das DII. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed e LILACS, e foram aplicados os descritores fecal microbiota transplantation, crohn disease e inflammatory bowel disease. RESULTADOS: Foram contemplados  21 artigos com diversos olhares sobre a funcionalidade e eficácia do TMF, resultando em divergentes respostas. DISCUSSÃO: Existem variáveis que influenciam nos efeitos da TMF, tais como os critérios de seleção do doador, pré-tratamento do paciente e via de administração, logo as informações são diferentes em cada ensaio clínico. CONCLUSÃO: Não existe consenso sobre os efeitos da abordagem terapêutica em questão, mas, no geral, os resultados mostraram que há uma resposta benéfica do TMF nos pacientes com DII e efeitos adversos autolimitados se indicada corretamente e de acordo com as particularidades do indivíduo