PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND ACCEPTANCE OF JELLY AND NECTAR OF ARAZA AND PAPAYA

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the acceptance of jelly and nectars made from araza (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh) and papaya. The following percentages of araza and papaya were, respectively, used: 50:50; 40:60; 30:70 and 20:80. For both pulps and products the variables studied were: acidity, pH, total content of soluble solids. Acceptance tests were conducted for the developed products. An inverse relation was observed between the papaya proportion and the soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The jelly made with skin araza presented higher levels of soluble solids, higher pH and lower titratable acidity compared with those obtained with fruit without the peel. Higher concentrations of papaya pulp improved the acceptance of nectar and jelly in all formulations. It was observed an increased in the acceptance when using araza with skin, until levels of 45% of papaya for the jelly and 24% for the nectar. This was probably due to specific sensorial attributes of the araza skin and it is an indicator for future researches

Ideias sobre evolução de professores de biologia em formação inicial

O conceito de evolução biológica é considerado um elemento integrador tanto nas pesquisas biológicas como no ensino de biologia. Entretanto, as pesquisas na área de Ensino de Biologia evidenciam as dificuldades em ensinar e apreender esse conceito e na utilização do mesmo como elemento integrador na aprendizagem de conceitos biológicos. Desse modo, este trabalho objetiva investigar a concepção de evolução biológica de alunos ao longo de um curso de Ciências Biológicas em uma Universidade do Estado do Paraná – Brasil. Os dados indicaram o aumento do grau de complexidade das respostas no processo de formação do curso de ciências biológicas analisado, mas também a persistência de respostas finalistas e superficiais ao longo de todos os anos do curso

Clinicopathological and toxicological aspects of poisoning by the clomazone herbicide in sheep

AbstractClomazone (2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) is a herbicide which has been widely used in southern Brazil in the rice cultivation and can be toxic for humans and animals. This study reports the first outbreak poisoning due to clomazone in a flock of 103 sheep, 20 of which showed mainly neurological and respiratory signs. Clomazone was detected in soil and vegetation samples and in the liver, kidney and muscles of poisoned animals. The poisoning was experimentally reproduced in three sheep by the administration of a 134mgkg body weight dose of clomazone. In both the natural and experimental cases, the clinical signs included tachypnea, anorexia, somnolence, weakness and ataxia. Macroscopically, there were no significant changes. Histologically, vacuolization in the white matter, perineuronal vacuoles and congestion of the leptomeningeal and brain vessels were observed. Ultrastructurally, the vacuolar lesions in the brain corresponded to swelling of the dendrites and astrocytic processes. It is concluded that clomazone causes toxic neuropathy in sheep

Interactions among Amazon land use, forests and climate: prospects for a near-term forest tipping point

Some model experiments predict a large-scale substitution of Amazon forest by savannah-like vegetation by the end of the twenty-first century. Expanding global demands for biofuels and grains, positive feedbacks in the Amazon forest fire regime and drought may drive a faster process of forest degradation that could lead to a near-term forest dieback. Rising worldwide demands for biofuel and meat are creating powerful new incentives for agro-industrial expansion into Amazon forest regions. Forest fires, drought and logging increase susceptibility to further burning while deforestation and smoke can inhibit rainfall, exacerbating fire risk. If sea surface temperature anomalies (such as El Niño episodes) and associated Amazon droughts of the last decade continue into the future, approximately 55% of the forests of the Amazon will be cleared, logged, damaged by drought or burned over the next 20 years, emitting 15–26 Pg of carbon to the atmosphere. Several important trends could prevent a near-term dieback. As fire-sensitive investments accumulate in the landscape, property holders use less fire and invest more in fire control. Commodity markets are demanding higher environmental performance from farmers and cattle ranchers. Protected areas have been established in the pathway of expanding agricultural frontiers. Finally, emerging carbon market incentives for reductions in deforestation could support these trends

Artistic research: the difference that makes a difference

Research in and through artistic practic

Knowledge, skills, and barriers to management of faecal incontinence in Australian primary care: a cross-sectional study

Published: 21 April 2021Background: GPs play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with faecal incontinence (FI). However, their confidence and ability in this role are unknown. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, skills, and confidence of GPs to manage FI in primary care, and identify barriers to optimal management. Design & setting: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires of GPs attending health education seminars, which took place across Australian capital cities. Method: Main outcome measures included: (i) clinical exposure to and previous training in FI; (ii) knowledge and skills in screening, diagnosing, and managing FI; and (iii) barriers and facilitators to optimising care. Associations between demographics, training and knowledge and skills were assessed. Results: Some 1285 of 1469 GPs (87.5%) participated (mean 47.7 years [standard deviation {SD} 11.3]). The vast majority reported poor clinical exposure to (88.5%) and training in FI management (91.3%). Subjectively, 69.7% rated their knowledge and skills in screening, assessing, and treating FI as suboptimal. The most commonly reported barrier to FI care was ‘insufficient skills’ (56.1%); facilitators were improved referral pathways (84.6%) and increased training (67.9%). GPs with more training had better knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 24.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.32 to 45.51) and skills (OR = 13.87, 95% CI = 7.94 to 24.24) in managing FI. Conclusion: Clinical exposure to and training in FI among GPs was poor. Accordingly, knowledge, skills, and confidence to manage FI was suboptimal. GPs recognise the importance of FI and that increased training and/or education and formalisation of referral pathways may improve the care of patients with FI in primary care.Kheng-Seong Ng, Deanne S Soares, Sireesha Koneru, Ramesh Manocha, Marc Antony Gladma

Long Distance Contribution to s→dγs \to d\gamma and Implications for Ω−→Ξ−γ,Bs→Bd∗γ\Omega^-\to \Xi ^-\gamma, B_s \to B_d^*\gamma and b→sγb \to s\gamma

We estimate the long distance (LD) contribution to the magnetic part of the $s \to d\gamma$ transition using the Vector Meson Dominance approximation $(V=\rho,\omega,\psi_i)$. We find that this contribution may be significantly larger than the short distance (SD) contribution to $s \to d\gamma$ and could possibly saturate the present experimental upper bound on the $\Omega^-\to \Xi^-\gamma$ decay rate, $\Gamma^{\rm MAX}_{\Omega^-\to \Xi^-\gamma} \simeq 3.7\times10^{-9}$eV. For the decay $B_s \to B^*_d\gamma$, which is driven by $s \to d\gamma$ as well, we obtain an upper bound on the branching ratio $BR(B_s \to B_d^*\gamma)<3\times10^{-8}$ from $\Gamma^{\rm MAX}_{\Omega^-\to \Xi^-\gamma}$. Barring the possibility that the Quantum Chromodynamics coefficient $a_2(m_s)$ be much smaller than 1, $\Gamma^{\rm MAX}_{\Omega^-\to \Xi^-\gamma}$ also implies the approximate relation $\frac{2}{3} \sum_i \frac{g^2_{\psi_i}(0)}{m^2_{\psi_i}} \simeq \frac{1}{2} \frac{g^2_\rho(0)}{m^2_\rho} + \frac{1}{6}\frac{g^2_\omega(0)}{m^2_\omega}$. This relation agrees quantitatively with a recent independent estimate of the l.h.s. by Deshpande et al., confirming that the LD contributions to $b \to s\gamma$ are small. We find that these amount to an increase of $(4\pm2)\%$ in the magnitude of the $b \to s \gamma$ transition amplitude, relative to the SD contribution alone.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX fil

Supramolecular assemblies of Al3+ complexes with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and phenothiazine. Encapsulation and complexation studies in β-cyclodextrin

Ternary assemblies of β-cyclodextrin with cholecalciferol (or vitamin D3) or phenothiazine and Al3+ ions were studied. The stability constants of aluminium binary complexes with cholecalciferol or phenothiazine and of ternary assemblies (β-cyclodextrin, cholecalciferol or phenothiazine and Al3+) were determined using potentiometric titrations at 25 °C (I = 0.100 M). The 13C NMR spectra of the supramolecular structures in the solid state showed that ternary supramolecular structures associating β-cyclodextrin, cholecalciferol or phenothiazine and aluminium(III) ions were obtained. Finally, X-ray powder diffraction patterns showed that the ternary assemblies with phenothiazine are channel type inclusion complexes

Tinea nigra contracted in Spain

Se relata un caso de tinea nigra diagnosticado en Sao Paulo (Brasil) en una paciente española de 4 años de edad. Por sus características morfológicas el agente fue clasificado como Exophiala werneckii. De acuerdo con la revisión de la literatura europea, probablemente sea este el primer caso de tinea nigra de España comprobado micológicamente