Otitis Media and Internal with Brainstem Extension in a French Bulldog

Background: Otitis is a frequent condition in dogs, with a multifactorial etiology covering primary causes, predisposing and perpetuating factors. It is characterized by an inflammatory process of structures that make up the auditory system, with prevalence data ranging from 15 to 20%, which can occur in any age group and without sex predisposition. According to the location, it can be classified as uni or bilateral, affecting the outer, middle and / or inner ear, the latter two being associated with neurological changes such as vestibulopathy, facial nerve paresis and Horner's syndrome. The morbidity and mortality of otitis media and internal may increase with delay in diagnosis, resulting in delay in the correct treatment, and the extension to brainstem is described in felines and considered rare in dogs. The present study aims to report an atypical case of otitis media and internal, with extension to the brain parenchyma in a brachycephalic dog.Case: A 3-year-old bitch French Bulldog canine was seen, weighing 12 kg, with a history of vomiting, apathy, nystagmus, ataxia and acute evolution hemiparesis. As a result of adoption, it was not known about the animal's morbid past. On special physical and clinical examination, depressed mental status, changes in postural reactions, nostril stenosis with unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal ulcer, palpebral and labial ptosis, absence of eyelid reflex and spontaneous strabismus were observed, all of these findings observed on the left side of the face. No signs of otitis external to otoscopy were found. The clinical signs found characterize left facial nerve paresis and peripheral and central vestibulopathy. Otitis media / internal and meningoencephalitis were suspected. Hemogram, serum biochemistry (glucose, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, total proteins, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, phosphorus, total bilirubin, cholesterol and total calcium), urinalysis, rapid tests for erlichiosis, anaplasms , borreliosis, heartworm, distemper and leishmaniasis, CSF analysis, neurological panel performed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) that tested the animal for Bartonellosis, Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus sp., Virus West Nile, Distemper, Toxoplasmosis, Neosporose and Coccidioides sp. using conjunctival swab, whole blood, urine and CSF samples. The samples were negative for all of these tests. As an image exam, brain magnetic resonance was performed. In the latter, otitis media and left internal was observed with extension of the lesion to the brain parenchyma. CSF analysis showed cytological changes compatible with a non-suppurative inflammatory process, mild pleocytosis with predominantly mononuclear leukocyte infiltrate. As a form of treatment, antibiotic therapy and total ablation of the auditory canal with lateral bulectomy were performed, showing good results with reduced clinical symptoms.Discussion: It is concluded that although the diagnosis of otitis media and internal with extension to brainstem is more common in cats, it should be included as a differential for central vestibular disorders in dogs, and that the diagnosis together with early and effective treatment are important, since that the evolution of the infection to the central nervous system represents a risk to the patient.Keywords: vestibulopathy, meningoencephalitis, brachycephalic.Descritores: vestibulopatia, meningoencefalite, braquicefálico.Título: Otite média e interna com extensão para tronco encefálico em cão buldogue francês

Perineal Hernia in Dogs

Background: Perineal hernia is a serious disease characterized by weakening or atrophy and separation of the muscles and fasciae of the perineal musculature, followed by the caudal displacement of pelvic and abdominal organs to the perineum region. Treatment is invariably surgical and several approaches have been proposed, but complication and recurrence rates remain high. This study aimed to evaluate 120 cases of perineal hernia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Uberaba (HVU) from 2005 to 2020, addressing the clinical and surgical aspects and the postoperative period, seeking to identify the most relevant factors to improve care and treatment of future patients affected by this disease.Materials, Methods & Results: The medical records of dogs with a definitive diagnosis of perineal hernia were collected. The prevalence of perineal hernia was calculated. Data were obtained regarding sex, being castrated or not, age, body mass, race, clinical signs, affected side, possibility of hernia reduction, treatments used, associated pathologies. Of the 120 cases, only 69 underwent surgery at the HVU and from these cases data were obtained regarding hernia content, surgical techniques, surgical wires used, recurrences and postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the influence of the type of surgical treatment and surgical thread on the occurrence of complications and recurrences. Perineal hernia was the second most frequently observed hernia. Mixed breed, male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs were the most affected. The most frequently observed clinical signs were related to the digestive and urinary tract, consistent with the most commonly found hernia contents (bladder, prostate and rectum). The simple herniorrhaphy technique was the most used and showed a high number of complications. The second most used technique was the elevation of the internal shutter, which proved to be more efficient than the simple technique. Regardless of the technique used, the association of two or more techniques proved to be more efficient to reduce major complications. The use of the vaginal tunic stood out because it proved to be efficient in the treatment of perineal hernias regardless of whether it is associated with simple herniorrhaphy or obturator elevation. The surgical fixations of abdominal organs (Bladder, Ducto deferente and Colon) proved to be effective, since there were no recurrences or major complications associated with their use and the most used threads for herniorrhaphy were polyamide and catgut. Low recurrence rates were found in patients who received synthetic yarns. The most frequent complications were suture dehiscence and serous secretion.Discussion: Perineal hernia is a very important alteration due to difficulties in treatment, high rates of complications and recurrence, in addition to the large number of affected dogs. Several surgical techniques have already been proposed for the treatment of perineal hernia in dogs and are based on the reconstruction of the perineal musculature through sutures, muscle flaps, biological membranes, synthetic mesh and the reduction of pressure on the perineum through the surgical fixation of organs abdominals such as colon, vas deferens and bladder (in the musculature of the abdominal wall). It is concluded that the perineal hernia affects mainly male, non-neutered and geriatric dogs, being rare in females. Regardless of the techniques used, the association of two or more techniques is more efficient to reduce the rate of recurrences and complications. The autogenous vaginal tunic is a good option for muscle strengthening in perineal herniorraphies. The use of synthetic surgical wires leads to better results in the treatment of perineal hernia when compared to biological wires

Estudos e práticas em agroecologia e permacultura na formação de educadores ambientais

Este relato aborda as experiências de um grupo transdisciplinar de estudos e práticas em Agroecologia e Permacultura da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, denominado Filhos da Folha, no município de São João del-Rei em Minas Gerais, Brasil, que está ancorado ao Programa Casa Verde, PROEXT 2014. O objetivo do presente relato é a discussão das atividades desenvolvidas até o momento, descrevendo as dificuldades e acertos de forma a auxiliar outros grupos em formação. Dentre os resultados obtidos até o presente momento destacam-se a divulgação da Agroecologia e da Permacultura; a troca de experiências com grupos de outras instituições; a abertura de um novo campo de ofertas de projetos relacionados; a aprovação de projetos de extensão com áreas afins em comunidades no entorno da universidade.Eje: B5 Sistemas de conocimiento (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Estudos e práticas em agroecologia e permacultura na formação de educadores ambientais

Este relato aborda as experiências de um grupo transdisciplinar de estudos e práticas em Agroecologia e Permacultura da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, denominado Filhos da Folha, no município de São João del-Rei em Minas Gerais, Brasil, que está ancorado ao Programa Casa Verde, PROEXT 2014. O objetivo do presente relato é a discussão das atividades desenvolvidas até o momento, descrevendo as dificuldades e acertos de forma a auxiliar outros grupos em formação. Dentre os resultados obtidos até o presente momento destacam-se a divulgação da Agroecologia e da Permacultura; a troca de experiências com grupos de outras instituições; a abertura de um novo campo de ofertas de projetos relacionados; a aprovação de projetos de extensão com áreas afins em comunidades no entorno da universidade.Eje: B5 Sistemas de conocimiento (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Estudos e práticas em agroecologia e permacultura na formação de educadores ambientais

Este relato aborda as experiências de um grupo transdisciplinar de estudos e práticas em Agroecologia e Permacultura da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, denominado Filhos da Folha, no município de São João del-Rei em Minas Gerais, Brasil, que está ancorado ao Programa Casa Verde, PROEXT 2014. O objetivo do presente relato é a discussão das atividades desenvolvidas até o momento, descrevendo as dificuldades e acertos de forma a auxiliar outros grupos em formação. Dentre os resultados obtidos até o presente momento destacam-se a divulgação da Agroecologia e da Permacultura; a troca de experiências com grupos de outras instituições; a abertura de um novo campo de ofertas de projetos relacionados; a aprovação de projetos de extensão com áreas afins em comunidades no entorno da universidade.Eje: B5 Sistemas de conocimiento (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

O exercício profissional do assistente social nos CRAS:: aproximações para análises críticas

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada junto a assistentes sociais que trabalham nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal  conhecer o exercício profissional do assistente social no âmbito da política de assistência social no município de Juiz de Fora. Metodologicamente trabalhamos com estudo bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo. Realizamos 60 observações participantes e 51 entrevistas em profundidade com assistentes sociais e usuários da assistência social pública

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in blood samples of horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) by PCR

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the Leishmania infantum parasite. The protozoan is able to infect several domestic and wild mammals. Since the first report on Leishmania spp. infection in horses in South America, leishmaniasis in equids has been highlighted in Brazil. A molecular epidemiological survey was carried out to verify the occurrence of Leishmania spp. DNA in horses and donkeys, in leishmaniases endemic areas in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To this end, blood samples were obtained from 107 horses and 36 donkeys and subjected to DNA extraction followed by PCR targeting the ITS-1 region. Among the horses and donkeys, 1.87% (2/107) and 8.33% (3/36) were positive by PCR, respectively. The DNA sequencing of the ITS-1 amplification products confirmed L. infantum DNA in these animals. Our results suggest that horses and donkeys from non-VL and VL endemic areas of São Paulo State may be infected by the parasite

RELAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS E O TEMPO DE INTERNAÇÃO DE IDOSOS EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Objective: To verify the relationship between Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) and the length of stay of elderly people in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methodology: This is a broad literature review in which the research is based on the question "What is the relationship between chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the length of stay of the elderly in intensive care units (ICUs)?". The research was conducted in 2023, by consulting the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and Nursing Database (BDENF), accessed through the Virtual Health Library, as well as the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: Five articles show that the relationship between chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and length of stay in ICUs is complex, depending on various factors such as the severity of the conditions, age and quality of care. The majority of hospitalizations are linked to CNCDs, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, affecting the elderly, who often already face fragile health conditions. The presence of multiple NCDs can increase the length of hospitalization, especially in private health systems. The complexity of the clinical condition also influences length of stay, with patients with more chronic diseases having longer stays. The studies showed variations in the average length of stay, but emphasize that hospitalization of the elderly can lead to reduced functionality, resulting in dependence on caregivers. Conclusion: This study provided insights into the profile of older people in ICUs, identifying the presence or absence of CNCDs and their impact on the average length of stay in intensive care for older people.Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia de los ancianos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Metodología: Se trata de una amplia revisión bibliográfica en la que la investigación se basa en la pregunta "¿Cuál es la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia de los ancianos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI)?". La investigación fue realizada en el año 2023, consultando las bases de datos Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), y Nursing Database (BDENF), accedidas a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, así como la Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Cinco artículos presentan que la relación entre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la duración de la estancia en las UCI es compleja y depende de diversos factores, como la gravedad de las afecciones, la edad y la calidad de la asistencia. La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones están relacionadas con ENT, como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, que afectan a las personas mayores, que a menudo ya se enfrentan a condiciones de salud frágiles. La presencia de múltiples ENT puede aumentar la duración de la hospitalización, especialmente en los sistemas sanitarios privados. La complejidad del cuadro clínico también influye en la duración de la hospitalización, ya que los pacientes con más enfermedades crónicas tienen estancias más largas. Los estudios mostraron variaciones en la duración media de la estancia, pero destacan que la hospitalización de los ancianos puede conducir a una reducción de la funcionalidad, lo que se traduce en una dependencia de los cuidadores. Conclusión: Este estudio proporcionó información sobre el perfil de las personas mayores en las UCI, identificando la presencia o ausencia de ENT y su impacto en la duración media de la estancia en cuidados intensivos para personas mayores.Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre as Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação de idosos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Metodologia: Trata-se de uma ampla revisão da literatura em que a construção da pesquisa está amparada na questão "Qual a relação entre doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação do idoso em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI)?" A pesquisa foi conduzida em 2023, por meio da consulta às bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), e Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), acessadas através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, bem como a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Cinco artigos apresentam que a relação entre doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e o tempo de internação em UTIs é complexa, dependendo de vários fatores, como gravidade das condições, idade e qualidade do cuidado. A maioria das internações está ligada a DCNT, como doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias, afetando idosos, que muitas vezes já enfrentam fragilidades de saúde. A presença de múltiplas DCNT pode aumentar o tempo de internação, principalmente em sistemas de saúde privados. A complexidade do quadro clínico também influencia o tempo de internação, com pacientes com mais doenças crônicas tendo estadias mais longas. Os estudos apresentaram variações no tempo médio de internação, mas ressaltam que a hospitalização de idosos pode levar à redução da funcionalidade, resultando na dependência de cuidadores. Conclusão: Este estudo forneceu insights sobre o perfil dos idosos internados em UTIs, identificando a presença ou ausência de DCNTs e seu impacto no tempo médio de internação em tratamento intensivo para pessoas idosas