Design of data abstraction structure for MDG-HOL hybrid tool

We have proposed design and implementation of a data abstraction structure that will result in extension to an existing Hybrid hardware verification tool so that it empowers to handle larger data paths automatically. Interactive and user-expertise-dependent theorem proving techniques are well suited to handle large and complex data path dominated systems. However, they are complicated and difficult to handle when highly complex real-life designs are considered. On the other hand, automated state-space-exploration based techniques can verify trivial systems automatically, whereas they lack in the ability to verify practical designs due to state space explosion problems. To bring about a solution to the dilemma, hybrid approaches are under study, which widely vary in the tradeoff between the expressiveness of interactive approaches and automation and speed of the exploration based methodologies. In the thesis we have described the design of an abstract data structure that allows natural numbers as the operands in addition to bit level descriptions. As a case study, we specified and implemented a generic computer processor using the abstract data structure. We implemented a parser that would be used to parse the specification and implementation of the design to be verified. With the parser, and the data abstraction structure, it would be the perfect launch-pad for the implementation of a powerful and largely automatic tool that should be able to verify most practical hardware design

Control of Phomopsis Blight of Egg Plant through Fertilizer and Fungicide Management

The experiments were conducted at Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology and in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during Rabi season of the year 2007-2008. Four fungicides viz. Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Tilt 250 EC (Propiconazole), Cupravit 50 WP (Copperoxychloride) and Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb) and micronutrients (Gypsum, ZnO and Boric acid) were evaluated against Phomopsis vexans causing Phomopsis blight and fruit rot of eggplant. The fungicides and micronutrients either applied individually or in combination showed significant effect in terms of per cent leaf infection, fruit infection, leaf area diseased and fruit area diseased in comparison to control. Effect of each fungicide applied in combination with micronutrients always showed better performance in reducing disease incidence and disease severity than the fungicides applied alone. Among the fungicides, Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) proved to be effective arresting the spore germination and mycelia growth of Phomopsis vexans assayed in in vitro test. Reduction of leaf area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 58.17, 67.37, 78.41 and 85.25%, respectively at preflowering, post-flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 52.22, 58.67, 74.19 and 83.09%, respectively at those stages. Similarly reduction of fruit area diseased caused by Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%) in combination with micronutrients were 57.93 and 79.79%, respectively at fruiting and fruit ripening stages while Bavistin 50WP (0.1%) alone reduced by 56.93 and 76.14%, respectively at those stages. Micronutrients had little effect against the disease but significantly better than control.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (1): 66-72, June, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i1.1609

KENABIAN MARYAM DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISBAH DAN TAFSIR AL-AZHAR (STUDI KOMPARATIF TERHADAP QS. ALI IMRAN AYAT 42)

Kenabian merupakan salah satu hal yang prinsipil dalam agama Islam, termasuk didalamnya adalah isu kenabian perempuan. Isu ini menggeliat dalam dunia tafsir, kemudian direspon oleh para ulama dan menghasilkan dua sikap, ada ulama yang mendukung isu tersebut dan ada yang menolaknya, masing-masing kedua kubu tersebut memiliki argumentasi. penelitian ini akan membahas masalah seputar eksistensi isu kenabian perempuan ini dalam tradisi intelektual ulama Islam, kemudian eksistensi isu kenabian Maryam dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar, dan alasan isu ini bisa sampai dan diakomodir oleh kedua mufassir indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pertama, terdapat dua kubu dalam merespon isu kenabian perempuan, ada yang menolak dan ada yang menerima. Adapun yang menolak adalah Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ja’far al-Ashili, Fakhruddin al-Razi, Ibn Katsir, serta al-Qusyairi. Sedangkan yang menerima adalah Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Mawhab al-Tujibi al-Qabri, Ibn Hazm al-Andalusi, Al-Qurthubi, serta Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani dengan argumentasi masing-masing. Kedua, isu kenabian Maryam terdapat dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar ketika membahas Qs. Ali-Imran: 42. Ketiga, terdapat dua alasan mengapa isu kenabian Maryam diakomodir dalam tafsir al-misbah dan tafsir al-azhar, pertama, kedua pengarang dari tafsir tersebut yaitu Quraish Shihab dan Hamka masing-masing mengusung spirit gender equality. Kedua, karena sifat dari tafsir itu sendiri yang genealogis sehingga sebuah wacana yang masuk dalam dunia tafsir sulit untuk dihapuskan dan dihilangkan

Environmental prevalence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh coincides with V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 genetic variants which overproduce autoinducer-2.

Prevalence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in aquatic reservoirs in Bangladesh apparently increases coinciding with the occurrence of seasonal cholera epidemics. In between epidemics, these bacteria persist in water mostly as dormant cells, known as viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC), or conditionally viable environmental cells (CVEC), that fail to grow in routine culture. CVEC resuscitate to active cells when enriched in culture medium supplemented with quorum sensing autoinducers CAI-1 or AI-2 which are signal molecules that regulate gene expression dependent on cell density. V. cholerae O1 mutant strains with inactivated cqsS gene encoding the CAI-1 receptor has been shown to overproduce AI-2 that enhance CVEC resuscitation in water samples. Since V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 (non-cholera-vibrios) are abundant in aquatic ecosystems, we identified and characterized naturally occurring variant strains of V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 which overproduce AI-2, and monitored their co-occurrence with V. cholerae O1 in water samples. The nucleotide sequence and predicted protein products of the cqsS gene carried by AI-2 overproducing variant strains showed divergence from that of typical V. cholerae O1 or non-O1 strains, and their culture supernatants enhanced resuscitation of CVEC in water samples. Furthermore, prevalence of V. cholerae O1 in the aquatic environment was found to coincide with an increase in AI-2 overproducing non-O1 non-O139 strains. These results suggest a possible role of non-cholera vibrios in the environmental biology of the cholera pathogen, in which non-O1 non-O139 variant strains overproducing AI-2 presumably contribute in resuscitation of the latent pathogen, leading to seasonal cholera epidemics. Importance. Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae which causes seasonal epidemics of cholera persists in aquatic reservoirs in endemic areas. The bacteria mostly exist in a dormant state during inter-epidemic periods, but periodically resuscitate to the active form. The resuscitation is enhanced by signal molecules called autoinducers (AIs). Toxigenic V. cholerae can be recovered from water samples that normally test negative for the organism in conventional culture, by supplementing the culture medium with exogenous AIs. V. cholerae belonging to the non-O1 non-O139 serogroups which do not cause cholera are also abundant in natural waters, and they are capable of producing AIs. In this study we characterized V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 variant strains which overproduce an autoinducer called AI-2, and found that the abundance of the cholera pathogen in aquatic reservoirs correlates with an increase in the AI-2 overproducing strains. Our results suggest a probable role of these variant strains in the environmental biology and epidemiology of toxigenic V. cholerae, and may lead to novel means for surveillance, prevention and control of cholera

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP GLOBALISASI

Abstract : The objective of this research is to improve the conceptual understanding of globalization of the students in Grade IV of State Primary School Joho 04 of Sukoharjo sub-district, Sukoharjo regency through the application of the cooperative learning model of the group investigation type. This research used the classroom action research with two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four phases, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The sources of the data were the teacher, students, and documents. The data of the research were gathered through observation, in-depth interview, test, and documentation. They were then analyzed respectively by using the descriptive comparative technique of analysis by comparing the inter-cycle results and the interactive technique of analysis which comprised three phases, namely: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Based on the research, a conclusion is drawn that the application of the cooperative learning model of the group investigation can improve the conceptual understanding of globalization of the students in Grade IV of State Primary School Joho 04 of Sukoharjo sub-district, Sukoharjo regency in the Academic Year 2012/2013. Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep globalisasi siswa kelas IV SDN Joho 04 dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Sumber data berasal dari guru, siswa, dan dokumen. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan hasil antarsiklus dan analisis interaktif yang melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep globalisasi siswa kelas IV SDN Joho 04 Kecamatan Sukoharjo, Kabupaten Sukoharjo Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013. Kata Kunci : Group Investigation, pemahaman konsep globalisas

Formal Analysis of Linear Control Systems using Theorem Proving

Control systems are an integral part of almost every engineering and physical system and thus their accurate analysis is of utmost importance. Traditionally, control systems are analyzed using paper-and-pencil proof and computer simulation methods, however, both of these methods cannot provide accurate analysis due to their inherent limitations. Model checking has been widely used to analyze control systems but the continuous nature of their environment and physical components cannot be truly captured by a state-transition system in this technique. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use higher-order-logic theorem proving for analyzing linear control systems based on a formalized theory of the Laplace transform method. For this purpose, we have formalized the foundations of linear control system analysis in higher-order logic so that a linear control system can be readily modeled and analyzed. The paper presents a new formalization of the Laplace transform and the formal verification of its properties that are frequently used in the transfer function based analysis to judge the frequency response, gain margin and phase margin, and stability of a linear control system. We also formalize the active realizations of various controllers, like Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID), Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), and various active and passive compensators, like lead, lag and lag-lead. For illustration, we present a formal analysis of an unmanned free-swimming submersible vehicle using the HOL Light theorem prover.Comment: International Conference on Formal Engineering Method

PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MODELING THE WAY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP GLOBALISASI

Abstract: The objective of this research is to improve the conceptual understanding on globalization of the students in grade IV of State Primary School 02 or Giriroto through the application of the cooperative learning model of Modeling-The-Way. This research use the classroom action research with two cycles. Each cycles consisted of four phases, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data of the research were gathered through observation, in-interview, test, and documentation. They were then analyzed by using the descriptive comparative technique of analysis. The result of the research shows that the cooperative learning of Modeling-The-Way type has successfully improved the conceptual understanding on globalization of the students in grade IV of State Primary School 02 or Giriroto. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep Globalisasi pada siswa kelas IV SDN 02 Giriroto melui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Modeling The Way. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus melalui empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Modeling The Way telah berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman konsep globalisasi pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 02 Giriroto. Kata Kunci: Modeling The Way, Globalisasi 

PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KESEIMBANGAN EKOSISTEM MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)

Abstract: The objective of this research is to improve the conceptual understanding on ecosystem balance through the use of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This research used the classroom action research with two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four phases, namely: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data of the research were gathered through observation, test, documentation, and in-depth interview. The data were validated by using the data source triangulation and data gathering method triangulation. They were then analyzed by using the interactive model of analysis consisting of four components, namely: data gathering, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The result of the research shows that the use of the PBL model can improve the conceptual understanding on ecosystem balance. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Keseimbangan Ekosistem Melalui Penggunaan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Tiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan tahap refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Validitas data pada penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan teknik analisis interaktif. Analisis interaktif terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model Problem Based Laerning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep keseimbangan ekosistem. Kata Kunci : Problem Based Laerning (PBL), Pemahaman konsep, dan Keseimbangan ekosistem

Survey and scientific evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Pahan and Teli tribal communities of Natore district, Bangladesh

The Pahans and the Telis are two of the smallest indigenous communities in Bangladesh. The Pahans, numbering about 14,000 people are widely scattered in several northern districts of the country, while the Telis are such a small community that nothing has been reported on their numbers and lifestyle. Both tribes are on the verge of disappearance. One each of the Pahan and the Teli community was located after much search in two adjoining villages of Natore district, Bangladesh. Since the tribes were found to still depend on their traditional medicinal practitioners for treatment of ailments, it was the objective of the present study to document their traditional usage of medicinal plants and to evaluate such plants against modern research-based pharmacological activity studies on these plants. Interviews were conducted of the practitioners of the Pahan and Teli community of Natore district with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and using the guided field-walk method. Plant specimens aspointed out by the practitioners were collected and pressed on the field and identification completed at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. The Pahan tribal practitioners used 13 plants distributed into 9 families for treatment of 14 different ailments. The Teli tribal practitioner used 15 plants divided into 14 families for treatment of 17 different ailments. Eight out of the thirteen plants used by the Pahan tribal practitioner (61.5%) had reported relevant pharmacological activities in the scientific literature, while six out of the fifteen plants used by the Teli tribal practitioners (40%) had such relevant pharmacological activities in accordance with their usage. The medicinal plants used by the Pahans and Telis warrant further scientific studies toward discovery of lead compounds and efficacious drugs and the documentation and protection of the traditional medical knowledge held by these tribes