Fermion localization on degenerate and critical branes

In this work we analyze the localization of fermions on degenerate and critical Bloch branes. This is done directly on physical coordinates, in constrast to some works that has been using conformal coordinates. We find the range of coupling constants of the interaction of fermions with the scalar fields that allow us to have normalizable fermion zero-mode localized on the brane on both, critical and degenerate Bloch branes. In the case of critical branes our results agree with those found in [Class. Quantum Grav. \textbf{27} (2010) 185001]. The results on fermion localization on degenerate Bloch branes are new. We also propose a coupling of fermions to the scalar fields which leads to localization of massless fermion on both sides of a double-brane.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

The moment of truth for WIMP Dark Matter

We know that dark matter constitutes 85% of all the matter in the Universe, but we do not know of what it is made. Amongst the many Dark Matter candidates proposed, WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) occupy a special place, as they arise naturally from well motivated extensions of the standard model of particle physics. With the advent of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and a new generation of astroparticle experiments, the moment of truth has come for WIMPs: either we will discover them in the next five to ten years, or we will witness the inevitable decline of WIMP paradigm.Comment: To appear in Nature (Nov 18, 2010

Sommerfeld Enhancement from Multiple Mediators

We study the Sommerfeld enhancement experienced by a scattering object that couples to a tower of mediators. This can occur in, e.g., models of secluded dark matter when the mediator scale is generated naturally by hidden-sector confinement. Specializing to the case of a confining CFT, we show that off-resonant values of the enhancement can be increased by ~ 20% for cases of interest when (i) the (strongly-coupled) CFT admits a weakly-coupled dual description and (ii) the conformal symmetry holds up to the Planck scale. Larger enhancements are possible for lower UV scales due to an increase in the coupling strength of the tower.Comment: 17p, 2 figures; v2 JHEP version (inconsequential typo fixed, references added

Relic densities including Sommerfeld enhancements in the MSSM

We have developed a general formalism to compute Sommerfeld enhancement (SE) factors for a multi-state system of fermions, in all possible spin configurations and with generic long-range interactions. We show how to include such SE effects in an accurate calculation of the thermal relic density for WIMP dark matter candidates. We apply the method to the MSSM and perform a numerical study of the relic abundance of neutralinos with arbitrary composition and including the SE due to the exchange of the W and Z bosons, photons and Higgses. We find that the relic density can be suppressed by a factor of a few in a seizable region of the parameter space, mostly for Wino-like neutralino with mass of a few TeV, and up to an order of magnitude close to a resonance.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures; table 1 corrected and rearranged, numerical results practically unchanged, matches published versio

An Electron Fixed Target Experiment to Search for a New Vector Boson A' Decaying to e+e-

We describe an experiment to search for a new vector boson A' with weak coupling alpha' > 6 x 10^{-8} alpha to electrons (alpha=e^2/4pi) in the mass range 65 MeV < m_A' < 550 MeV. New vector bosons with such small couplings arise naturally from a small kinetic mixing of the "dark photon" A' with the photon -- one of the very few ways in which new forces can couple to the Standard Model -- and have received considerable attention as an explanation of various dark matter related anomalies. A' bosons are produced by radiation off an electron beam, and could appear as narrow resonances with small production cross-section in the trident e+e- spectrum. We summarize the experimental approach described in a proposal submitted to Jefferson Laboratory's PAC35, PR-10-009. This experiment, the A' Experiment (APEX), uses the electron beam of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at Jefferson Laboratory (CEBAF) at energies of ~1-4 GeV incident on 0.5-10% radiation length Tungsten wire mesh targets, and measures the resulting e+e- pairs to search for the A' using the High Resolution Spectrometer and the septum magnet in Hall A. With a ~1 month run, APEX will achieve very good sensitivity because the statistics of e+e- pairs will be ~10,000 times larger in the explored mass range than any previous search for the A' boson. These statistics and the excellent mass resolution of the spectrometers allow sensitivity to alpha'/alpha one to three orders of magnitude below current limits, in a region of parameter space of great theoretical and phenomenological interest. Similar experiments could also be performed at other facilities, such as the Mainz Microtron.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, 2 table

Effects of temperature on thick branes and the fermion (quasi-)localization

Following Campos's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 141602 (2002)], we investigate the effects of temperature on flat, de Sitter (dS), and anti-de Following Campos's work [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{88}, 141602 (2002)], we investigate the effects of temperature on flat, de Sitter (dS), and anti-de Sitter (AdS) thick branes in five-dimensional (5D) warped spacetime, and on the fermion (quasi-)localization. First, in the case of flat brane, when the critical temperature reaches, the solution of the background scalar field and the warp factor is not unique. So the thickness of the flat thick brane is uncertain at the critical value of the temperature parameter, which is found to be lower than the one in flat 5D spacetime. The mass spectra of the fermion Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes are continuous, and there is a series of fermion resonances. The number and lifetime of the resonances are finite and increase with the temperature parameter, but the mass of the resonances decreases with the temperature parameter. Second, in the case of dS brane, we do not find such a critical value of the temperature parameter. The mass spectra of the fermion KK modes are also continuous, and there is a series of fermion resonances. The effects of temperature on resonance number, lifetime, and mass are the same with the case of flat brane. Last, in the case of AdS brane, {the critical value of the temperature parameter can less or greater than the one in the flat 5D spacetime.} The spectra of fermion KK modes are discrete, and the mass of fermion KK modes does not decrease monotonically with increasing temperature parameter.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, published versio

Variação do potencial da água da folha com o desenvolvimento da planta de batatinha (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. 'Bintje')

A manutenção de um balanço hídrico favorável à planta é uma condição reconhecidamente necessária para assegurar a seqüência das reações metabólicas que se desenvolvem nas células vegetais. Os deficits de água¹ nas plantas poderiam ser quantitativamente avaliados a partir de determinações do teor ou do estado de energia da água dos tecidos. Neste trabalho, o potencial osmótico das hastes e folhas, o potencial da água da folha e as relações entre este e o teor relativo de água da folha foram determinados em plantas de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) adequadamente supridas com água do solo, em condições de campo. Os resultados revelaram que os potenciais determinados variaram durante o ciclo fenológico. Assim, o potencial da água da folha foi sendo reduzido com o desenvolvimento das plantas. Após o completo desenvolvimento vegetativo, não foi possível identificar qualquer tendência definida, crescente ou decrescente. Esta variação modificou as relações entre o potencial e o teor relativo de água da folha, de tal maneira, que o potencial associado a um determinado teor relativo de água, foi sendo reduzido a medida que as plantas se desenvolveram. A par destes resultados, pode-se concluir que o potencial da água da folha não parece ser um indicador seguro da existência de déficits fisiológicos de água na planta. O conhecimento do teor relativo de água, associado ao potencial, poderia contribuir decisivamente para fornecer uma avaliação mais precisa da condição da água nos tecidos vegetais.The maintainance of a favorable plant water budget is a condition generally regarded to assure the sequence of cell metabolism. Plant water deficits should be quantitatively evaluated through the determination of tissue water content or tissue water content or tissue water potential. In this work the osmotic potential of stems and leaves, the leaf water potential, and the relative water content-water potential relationships were determined in adequately irrigated patatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) growing in the field. The results showed that potentials changed during the growing season. Leaf water potential decreseased with aging of the plants and after the complete vegetative growth it was not possible to observe any definite trend, either increasing or decreasing. This change affected relative water content-water potential relationships, so that the relationships shifted to progressively lower water potential for a given relative water content. The data indicated that leaf water potential does not seem a reliable indicator of physiological water deficits. The knowledge of relative water content associated with leaf water potential measurement would provide a more precise condition of water in the plant tissues