10 research outputs found
Radio frequency measurements of tunnel couplings and singletâtriplet spin states in Si:P quantum dots
Spin states of the electrons and nuclei of phosphorus donors in silicon are strong candidates for quantum information processing applications given their excellent coherence times. Designing a scalable donor-based quantum computer will require both knowledge of the relationship between device geometry and electron tunnel couplings, and a spin readout strategy that uses minimal physical space in the device. Here we use radio frequency reflectometry to measure singletâtriplet states of a few-donor Si:P double quantum dot and demonstrate that the exchange energy can be tuned by at least two orders of magnitude, from 20âÎŒeV to 8âmeV. We measure dotâlead tunnel rates by analysis of the reflected signal and show that they change from 100âMHz to 22âGHz as the number of electrons on a quantum dot is increased from 1 to 4. These techniques present an approach for characterizing, operating and engineering scalable qubit devices based on donors in silicon
Microsatellite Interruptions Stabilize Primate Genomes and Exist as Population-Specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within Individual Human Genomes
Tobacco smoke and morphine alter peripheral and CNS inflammation following HIV infection in a humanized mouse model
Taxane and epothilone-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment
Taxane-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (TIPN) is the most common nonhematological side effect of taxane-based chemotherapy, and may result in dose
reductions and discontinuations, having as such a detrimental effect on patients'
overall survival. Epothilones share similar mechanism of action with taxanes. The typical TIPN clinical presentation is mainly comprised of numbness and paresthesia, in a
stocking-and-glove distribution and may progress more proximally over time, with
paclitaxel being more neurotoxic than docetaxel. Motor and autonomic involvement
is less common, whereas an acute taxane-induced acute pain syndrome is frequent.
Patient reported outcomes questionnaires, clinical evaluation, and instrumental tools
offer complementary information in TIPN. Its electrodiagnostic features include reduced/abolished sensory action potentials, and less prominent motor involvement, in
keeping with a length-dependent, axonal dying back predominately sensory neuropathy. TIPN is dose-dependent and may be reversible within months after the end of
chemotherapy. The single and cumulative delivered dose of taxanes is considered the
main risk factor of TIPN development. Apart from the cumulative dose, other risk factors for TIPN include demographic, clinical, and pharmacogenetic features with several single-nucleotide polymorphisms potentially linked with increased susceptibility
of TIPN. There are currently no neuroprotective strategies to reduce the risk of TIPN,
and symptomatic treatments are very limited. This review critically examines the
pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors (both clinical and pharmacogenetic), clinical phenotype and management of TIP
Supotsu to boken monogatari
<p><b>ITP results using the mean difference as test statistics for (A) recombination hotspots (localized differential landscapeâLDL) and (B) mononucleotide microsatellites (invariant differential landscapeâIDL) in the flanking regions of fixed ETn vs. controls.</b> The heatmap in the top panel shows the p-values for each component (i.e. window; horizontal axis) corrected controlling the family-wise error rate on all possible maximum interval lengths (vertical axis). Blue corresponds to low p-values, hence significant differences between the distributions underlying the flanking regions of ERVs and the controls. The middle panel shows corrected p-values at the chosen maximum interval length threshold, with gray highlighting significant components (corrected p-values<0.05). The lower panels show the average of the genome feature under consideration over the flanking regions of all fixed ETns (red line) and controls (green line). First and third quartiles (25% and 75% quantiles) are shaded in the respective colorsâred for ETns and green for controls. The shades for control are invisible because they are zeros for control. The heatmap suggests the scales (vertical axis) and the locations (horizontal axis) at which the feature is significant to characterize ERVs genomic landscape.</p
International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine
Abstract Creatine is one of the most popular nutritional ergogenic aids for athletes. Studies have consistently shown that creatine supplementation increases intramuscular creatine concentrations which may help explain the observed improvements in high intensity exercise performance leading to greater training adaptations. In addition to athletic and exercise improvement, research has shown that creatine supplementation may enhance post-exercise recovery, injury prevention, thermoregulation, rehabilitation, and concussion and/or spinal cord neuroprotection. Additionally, a number of clinical applications of creatine supplementation have been studied involving neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., muscular dystrophy, Parkinsonâs, Huntingtonâs disease), diabetes, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, aging, brain and heart ischemia, adolescent depression, and pregnancy. These studies provide a large body of evidence that creatine can not only improve exercise performance, but can play a role in preventing and/or reducing the severity of injury, enhancing rehabilitation from injuries, and helping athletes tolerate heavy training loads. Additionally, researchers have identified a number of potentially beneficial clinical uses of creatine supplementation. These studies show that short and long-term supplementation (up to 30Â g/day for 5 years) is safe and well-tolerated in healthy individuals and in a number of patient populations ranging from infants to the elderly. Moreover, significant health benefits may be provided by ensuring habitual low dietary creatine ingestion (e.g., 3Â g/day) throughout the lifespan. The purpose of this review is to provide an update to the current literature regarding the role and safety of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine and to update the position stand of International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN)