Training Parents in Descriptive Assessment and Function Identification

It is often difficult for parents to address their child’s problem behavior. Children with special needs can display more frequent and intense problem behavior. Therefore, professionals need to help parents of children with special needs identify how to decrease their child’s problem behavior. Professionals help to decrease problem behavior by performing assessments called descriptive assessments to identify why the problem behavior is happening, and then using these assessments to create an appropriate plan of how to prevent and respond to the problem behavior. We examined if parents could be taught the skills necessary to perform descriptive assessments and then use these assessments to choose appropriate ways to treat the problem behavior. Parents included four parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Video vignettes of child actors displaying various problem behaviors were used to assess the parents’ ability to perform a descriptive assessment, figure out why the problem behavior was happening, and then use this assessment to choose appropriate ways to get the problem behavior to decrease. These skills were assessed prior to a training class and then following a training class where the parents were taught how to perform the skills. In order for parents to be able to use these skills in their everyday lives, it is important that they can apply the skills to their own children. Therefore, a video vignette of each parents’ child displaying problem behavior was used to see if the parents could apply what they had learned in the training class to their own child. Results varied for participants. Therefore, it is unknown whether the training class in the current study helped parents to learn to perform a descriptive assessment to figure out why a problem behavior is happening and then use the assessment to identify ways to decrease the problem behavior. More research is needed to teach parents to apply these skills to their own children

Narrative Review of the Relationship between Depression and Low Blood Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels

Depression is a common psychological mood disorder that impacts more than 16 million adults in the United States. It can impact several areas of a person’s life including physical activity, diet and daily activities. The role of nutrition in depression therapy has been researched for several years, with folate and vitamin B12 being the main highlights. Folate and vitamin B12 play a vital role in the development of the central nervous system and conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Past research has found inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between folate, vitamin B12 and their role in depression. This article dives into the existing research to evaluate why there is an inconsistency. A total of 13 studies met the criteria and were included in the review. The findings from these studies show the inconsistency of the research, with some studies finding a relationship and others finding no relationship. Several studies imply that depression can increase the chance of individuals developing vitamin deficiencies, which can increase the severity of depression symptoms. However, there are studies that have found no relationship between folate, vitamin B12 and depression. Several limitations need to be addressed and continued research needs to be done before a conclusive answer be provided

Diurnal Changes in Alfalfa Quality and the Effects on Revenue Maximization

Before alfalfa hay is sold to brokers or diaries, it is quality is evaluated to determine the price. These tests go into great detail about the micro and macro nutrients alfalfa contains or they could be a function of the fibers alfalfa contains to determine the digestibility. Studies show ways to increase alfalfa quality such as harvesting later in the day at peak photosynthesis. However, the financial benefits, or lack thereof, based on these changes to quality have no conclusion. Here we show that harvesting alfalfa later in the day increases the quality and has financial benefits. We found that alfalfa harvested at 12:00 opposed to 8:00 had an almost 12-point difference in RFV and a $15.55 difference in net returns per acre. Our results demonstrate how harvesting at peak photosynthesis is more likely to increase the quality of alfalfa, the sugar content, and decrease the fiber content. We understand that this is one study and results may vary from operation to operation, but we invite others to study these same problems, but we hope that an understanding of these results will benefit all alfalfa farmers by offering another method to reduce risk and increase farm revenue

Capital intelectual, tamaño del banco, participación en el mercado bancario y eficiencia de los bancos convencionales en Indonesia

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of intellectual capital, bank size, and market share on the efficiency of commercial banks in Indonesia from 2013 to 2017. The results of a panel data analysis of two models show that intellectual capital (calculated simultaneously or individually per component), bank size, and market share have a significant effect on bank efficiency, as confirmed by a fixed-effect regression model. Said model indicates that the year-to-year effect of the independent variables is influenced by individual bank differences. In other words, dissimilar characteristics of banks’ intellectual capital and its components determine the effect of said variables on bank efficiency. Likewise, the asset ownership and market share of banks also distinguish their behavior in terms of bank efficiency.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar empíricamente el efecto que el capital intelectual, el tamaño del banco y la participación en el mercado tuvieron sobre la eficiencia de los bancos comerciales en Indonesia entre 2013 y 2017. Los resultados de un análisis de datos de panel de dos modelos muestran que el capital intelectual (calculado de forma simultánea o individual por componente), el tamaño del banco y la participación en el mercado tienen un efecto significativo en la eficiencia bancaria, lo cual confirmó un modelo (regresión) de efectos fijos. Dicho modelo indica que la diferencia anual de las variables independientes está influenciada por las características particulares de las instituciones bancarias. En otras palabras, las diferentes características del capital intelectual de los bancos y sus componentes determinan el efecto de dichas variables en la eficiencia bancaria. Asimismo, los activos y participación en el mercado de los bancos distinguen su comportamiento en términos de eficiencia bancaria

AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WETLAND MITIGATION IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA

The economic efficiency of wetland mitigation in Minnesota's Red River Valley was examined using the Minnesota Routine Assessment Method on ten wetland case studies to rate the functions of impacted and replacement wetlands. Secondary sources were used to assign dollar values to wetland functions of impacted and replacement wetlands. Mitigation costs for projects ranged from $279 to$4,171 per acre. Estimated annual social values ranged from $207 to$1,027 per acre for impacted wetlands and from $268 to$927 per acre for replacement wetlands. Social values of replacement wetlands exceeded the social value of impacted wetlands in seven cases. Values of replacement wetlands were 1.8 to 4 times greater than the values of impacted wetlands due to 2-to-1 replacement ratios. When society gains benefits from mitigation, public cost-sharing may be appropriate. In one case the value of the impacted wetlands was higher than the value of the replacement wetland. There were insufficient data to evaluate two cases. Results are only indicators of efficiency, since not all social costs and benefits of the impact-mitigation activity are addressed by legislation. These results suggest wetland mitigation policy in Minnesota needs to be reevaluated if efficient use of society's resources is a legislative goal.Wetland(s), mitigation, economics, values, Minnesota, Red River, Wetland Conservation Act, Minnesota Routine Assessment Method, restoration, Land Economics/Use,

Does Personality Matter When We Are Approaching The Subjective Perception Of Overtraining Among Adolescents?

This article deals with the issue of overtraining among elite adolescent athletes. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between certain personality traits, perfectionism, extraversion, neuroticism and subjective perception of training load (which is one of the best indicators of overtraining syndrome). We also focused on the relationship between a perceived training difficulty and perceived training load to find out, if there is some kind of integral relationship. To collect data we used a questionnaire, which was given to adolescent elite athletes playing team sports in a mid-season period. The results showed a significant relationship between perceived training load and overall perfectionism (r=0.189, p<0.001), extraversion (r=-0.241, p<0.001), neuroticism (r=0.343, p<0.001) and consciousness (r=-0.287, p<0.001). After the closer examination we found an interesting relation between single dimension of perfectionism and perceived training load, suggesting the contribution of maladaptive perfectionism on the development of overtraining syndrome. Besides that, we differentiated athletes into two groups, according to the level of perceived training difficulty. Those, who perceived training as difficult to exhausting (M=2,19, SD=0.50) were significantly higher than the low to medium group (M=1.99, SD=0.47) in the perceived training load t(178)=-0.894, p=0.007. Those results extend our knowledge of overtraining topic and can be used in coaching practice to help identify athletes with higher risk of overtraining, or even prevent these states among young athletes before they occur. Hereby results suggest the importance of psychological aspects in sport preparation

Southeast Asian cultural history project

Understanding the culture of immigrants from Southeast Asia is important as refugee resettlement programs, and immigration trends, have seen an influx of these populations in cities throughout the United States. This report describes some of the characteristics of those cultures. (Library-derived description)Lanphouthacoul, S. & Sip, B.R. (1989). Southeast Asian cultural history project. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen