8 research outputs found

    Essai d’estimation de la fonction de réaction de la banque centrale du Maroc

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    Fiscal policy is one of the main instruments of economic policy. It encompasses all the measures which have consequences on the resources and expenditure of the State and which aim to achieve certain short-term policy objectives. Thus, fiscal policy plays, through taxation (taxes) and levies, a crucial role in the growth of national production determined by the structural level of the tax burden. level of fiscal pressure directly or indirectly influences all aggregates, performances and macroeconomic indicators. In fact, the behavior of the public power represented, by the State, on the taxpayers causes an impact that can be analyzed through the share of tax receipts in ratio of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, the total income tax revenue they pay, relative to their total income tax revenue, is used to assess the effect of tax pressure on industry or firm dynamics. So, the objective sought and which will be treated at the level of this work, is the quantification of the impact of the tax pressure on investment and on economic growth in Morocco. The empirical study by the ordinary least squares method, a cointegration and a VAR model shows that the tax burden impacts economic growth. Thus, a change in the tax rate of 1% will generate a decrease of 0.23% in long-term economic growth.   Keywords: Fiscal Pressure, Stationarity, Cointegration, Error Correction Model, Autoregressive Vector, Impulse Responses JEL Classification : C133, C21, C51, C52, E62 Paper type: Empirical research,Les travaux de Taylor en 1993 reprĂ©sentent une contribution importante Ă  la comprĂ©hension de la manière dont les banques centrales prennent des dĂ©cisions en matière de politique monĂ©taire. La règle de Taylor fournit une formule mathĂ©matique simple pour dĂ©terminer le taux d'intĂ©rĂŞt optimal en fonction de l'inflation et du niveau d'activitĂ© Ă©conomique. Ainsi, le traitement de ces objectifs dĂ©pend des caractĂ©ristiques Ă©conomiques et institutionnelles spĂ©cifiques de chaque pays, ainsi que des prioritĂ©s et des objectifs de la banque centrale. Cette règle fournie Ă©galement, une mesure du taux d'intĂ©rĂŞt optimal en fonction de l'inflation et des Ă©carts de production, et elle peut ĂŞtre utilisĂ©e pour comparer les taux d'intĂ©rĂŞt effectivement fixĂ©s par la banque centrale Ă  l’Output GAP. Globalement, l'estimation de la fonction de rĂ©action de Bank Al-Maghrib permettra de dĂ©terminer si la banque centrale suit une politique monĂ©taire prĂ©visible et cohĂ©rente avec les objectifs de stabilitĂ© des prix et de croissance Ă©conomique. L’objectif donc, de ce travail, est de vĂ©rifier si Bank Al-Maghrib suit une règle de politique monĂ©taire selon la mĂ©thodologie de Taylor. Cette Ă©valuation sera menĂ©e Ă  travers l’estimation de la fonction de rĂ©action de la banque centrale marocaine Ă  partir des donnĂ©es trimestrielles s’étalant de 2007 Ă  2021. Nos rĂ©sultats infirment l’utilisation de Bank Al-Maghrib d’une telle règle, l’objectif de la banque centrale marocaine est la maitrise de la liquiditĂ© du marchĂ© monĂ©taire Ă  travers le taux d’intĂ©rĂŞt interbancaire au jour le jour. Cela favorise davantage l’hypothèse de la conduite d’une politique monĂ©taire discrĂ©tionnaire.   Mots clĂ©s : Pression fiscale, stationnaritĂ©, cointĂ©gration, modèle Ă  correction d'erreur, vecteur autorĂ©gressif, rĂ©ponses impulsionnelles Classification JEL :  C133, C21, C51, C52, E62 Type de l’article : Recherche appliquĂ©e

    Déterminants de Management de qualité dans les entreprises Nationales : Cas des entreprises du secteur du textile et d’habillement

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    Quality management is a major concern for all companies, allowing efficient, effective and secure operation of the various operating processes. The implementation of an adequate quality management system allows functional modernization, cost control and determination of the risks related to the company's activity. In Morocco, the adoption of the new policy based on quality management aims to modernize national companies, consolidate their competitive position, and develop their quality system through several programs designed for this purpose. The purpose is twofold: firstly to confirm their missions as citizen economic agents in the creation of national wealth and sustainable development, and secondly to achieve a substantial market share in accordance with their strategic vocations. The interest of this work is therefore to analyze the determinants of the quality system in national companies: Case of the textile and clothing sector. This interest is treated from a review of conceptual, theoretical and empirical literature on the need for the implementation of quality approaches in the management of companies. Also, the objective of this work from a survey of 231 companies in the said sector is to show that the quality management system is based on a set of resources and which makes it possible to group, classify, process and to disseminate information. Thus, according to our study, among the main determinants of an efficient management system: the size of the company, the organizational analysis, the environmental analysis, the information systems and the commercial strategies. Finally, via a binary logistic regression, we showed that these factors have a crucial role in the modernization of total quality management.     JEL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Paper type: Empirical researchLe management de la qualitĂ© est une prĂ©occupation majeure pour toutes les entreprises, permettant un fonctionnement efficient, efficace et sĂ©curisĂ© des diffĂ©rents processus d’exploitation. La mise en place d’un système de management de qualitĂ© adĂ©quat permet une modernisation fonctionnelle, une maitrise des coĂ»ts ainsi qu’une dĂ©termination des risques liĂ©s Ă  l’activitĂ© de l’entreprise. Au Maroc, l’adoption de la nouvelle politique basĂ©e sur le management de la qualitĂ© vise la modernisation des entreprises nationale, la consolidation de leur position concurrentielle, et le dĂ©veloppement de leur système de qualitĂ© par plusieurs programmes conçus Ă  cette fin. L’objet Ă©tant double : d’abord confirmer leurs missions d’agent Ă©conomique citoyen dans la crĂ©ation de la richesse nationale, et au dĂ©veloppement durable, et d’autre part rĂ©aliser une part du marchĂ© consĂ©quente conformĂ©ment Ă  leurs vocations stratĂ©giques.  L’intĂ©rĂŞt de ce travail est donc d’analyser les dĂ©terminants du système de qualitĂ© dans les entreprises nationales : Cas du secteur du textile et d’habillement. Cet intĂ©rĂŞt est traitĂ© Ă  partir d’une revue de littĂ©rature conceptuelle, thĂ©orique et empirique sur la nĂ©cessitĂ© de l’implĂ©mentation des dĂ©marches de qualitĂ© dans le management des entreprises. Également, l’objectif de ce travail Ă  partir d’une enquĂŞte sur 231 entreprises dudit secteur est de monter que le système de management de la qualitĂ© se base sur un ensemble des ressources et qui permet de regrouper, de classifier, de traiter et de diffuser de l'information.  Ainsi, d’après notre Ă©tude, parmi les principaux dĂ©terminants d’un système de management performant : la taille de l’entreprise, l’analyse organisationnelle et environnementale, les systèmes d’information et les stratĂ©gies commerciales. Enfin, via une rĂ©gression logistique binaire, nous avons montrĂ© que ces facteurs ont un rĂ´le crucial dans la modernisation de management de qualitĂ© totale.     JEL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Type de papier : Recherche empiriqu

    Essai de mesure de la performance globale des entreprises : Cas des entreprises nationales du secteur du textile et d’habillement

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    Currently, the issue of overall performance is at the center of the new managerial strategies of each organization. Its delimitation is very difficult because of the two levels of reality to which it refers: overall performance is both the objective and the main tool of the strategic visions of organizations. These two main axes of reality are extremely linked since the analysis of performance as the main objective of private sector companies particularly leads to the implementation of performance measures. Also, the concept of performance is used to analyze, on the one hand, the by companies of the objective of sustainable development, and to verify the achievement of financial, social and societal performance, on the other hand. The problem of performance is not limited solely to the quantitative analysis of the variations in the results, but to the optimization of the determination of all the qualitative factors which contribute to the achievement of these objectives. Indeed, the objective of performance is not only about achieving the objectives set, but they must be achieved at the lowest cost. Thus, the measures are an opportunity to define, explain and create performance measures. Our objective, therefore, through this study, is to measure, on the one hand, the overall performance of national companies in the textile and clothing sector by determining composite indices, and on the other hand, to measure the structural level of each axis retained as a measure of a specific typology of performance. According to our study and on the basis of principal component factor analyzes and our predictive model, the performance measurement is multidimensional, and multi-level.     JEL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Paper type: Empirical researchActuellement, la problĂ©matique de la performance globale est au centre des nouvelles stratĂ©gies managĂ©riales de chaque organisation. Sa dĂ©limitation est très difficile du fait des deux niveaux de rĂ©alitĂ© auxquels elle fait rĂ©fĂ©rence : la performance globale est Ă  la fois l’objectif et le principal outil des visions stratĂ©giques des organisations. Ces deux principaux axes de rĂ©alitĂ© sont extrĂŞmement liĂ©s puisque l’analyse de la performance comme principal objectif des entreprises du secteur privĂ© induit particulièrement Ă  la mise en Ĺ“uvre de mesures de la performance. Également, le concept de la performance est utilisĂ© pour l’analyse d’une part l’opĂ©rationnalisation par les entreprises de l’objectif de dĂ©veloppement durable, et de vĂ©rifier l’atteinte de la performance financière, sociale et sociĂ©tale d’autre part. Ainsi, La problĂ©matique de la performance ne se limite pas uniquement Ă  l’analyse quantitative des variations les rĂ©sultats, mais Ă  l’optimisation de la dĂ©termination des facteurs qualitatifs qui contribuent Ă  la rĂ©alisation de ces objectifs. En effet, l’objectif de la performance n’est pas uniquement d’aboutir aux objectifs fixĂ©s, mais il faut les atteindre aux moindres coĂ»ts). C’est ainsi, les mesures sont l’occasion de dĂ©finir, expliciter et crĂ©er des mesures de performance. Notre objectif donc Ă  travers la prĂ©sente Ă©tude, Ă  partir d’une enquĂŞte sur 231 entreprises du secteur du textile et d’habillement est de mesurer d’une part, la performance globale des entreprises nationales du secteur du textile et d’habillement par la dĂ©termination des indices composites, et d’autre part, mesurer le niveau structurel de chaque axe retenu comme mesure d’une typologie de la performance. Sur la base des analyses factorielles en composantes principales, et notre modèle prĂ©dictif, la mesure de performance est de nature multidimensionnelle et multiniveaux.     EL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Type de papier : Recherche empiriqu

    Enhancing Financial Portfolio Optimization: Integrating CVaR Constraints and Transaction Costs with Mean-Semivariance Analysis

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    The growing prevalence of portfolio investment in real-world scenarios has underscored the criticality of effectively managing tail risks. Consequently, contemporary research within the portfolio allocation domain is dedicated to refining models that consider various percentiles of potential losses. In this study, we propose a novel approach to mitigate downside risk by integrating Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) as a constraint within the Mean-semivariance (MSV) model framework. We present a new mixed integer linear program designed to accommodate diverse transaction costs and incorporate the CVaR constraint. While this integration of CVaR enhances the realism of portfolio selection in alignment with investor preferences, it simultaneously imposes limitations on the range of feasible portfolios. Our methodology offers a nuanced balance between risk management and portfolio optimization, catering to the nuanced needs of investors amidst evolving market dynamics

    Canalisation du Taux de Change Réel et stabilité des prix : Une étude Empirique pour le cas marocain

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    The economic debate surrounding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on prices has sparked in-depth discussions, leading to several conclusions supported by empirical literature. Fundamentally, it exerts significant pressure on competitiveness, price stability, and other fundamental macroeconomic variables. The primary objective of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on inflation. Specifically, this paper aims to assess the pass-through coefficient from the exchange rate to domestic prices and analyze its evolution over time. To account for the reciprocal interactions between inflation and exchange rate variations, we will use a model based on quarterly data covering the period from Q1-2000 to Q4-2021. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of impulse response functions and variance decomposition indicate that any shock to the exchange rate results in a significant inflation response. Furthermore, this reaction appears to reflect an incomplete degree of the transmission mechanism. Additionally, our findings have shown that the mentioned coefficient experienced a surge from the first to the second period, similar to various advanced economies that underwent an increase in pass-through over time  Keywords: Real Exchange Rate pass-through, SVAR, shocks, imported inflation, impulse responses, variance decomposition JEL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Paper type: Empirical researchLe dĂ©bat Ă©conomique autour de l'impact des fluctuations des taux de change sur les prix a suscitĂ© des discussions approfondies, conduisant Ă  plusieurs conclusions Ă©tayĂ©es par la littĂ©rature empirique. Fondamentalement, il exerce une pression importante sur la compĂ©titivitĂ©, la stabilitĂ© des prix ainsi que d’autres variables macroĂ©conomiques fondamentales. L'objectif fondamental de cette Ă©tude consiste Ă  examiner de manière thĂ©orique et empirique les effets des fluctuations du taux de change sur l'inflation. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, ce document vise Ă  Ă©valuer le coefficient de transmission du taux de change aux prix intĂ©rieurs et Ă  analyser son Ă©volution au fil du temps. Afin de prendre en compte les interactions rĂ©ciproques entre l'inflation et les variations du taux de change, nous allons utiliser un modèle basĂ© sur des donnĂ©es trimestrielles couvrant la pĂ©riode de T1-2000 Ă  T4-2021. Les conclusions dĂ©duites de l'examen des fonctions de rĂ©ponse impulsionnelle et de la dĂ©composition de la variance indiquent que tout choc sur le taux de change gĂ©nère une rĂ©ponse significative de l'inflation. De plus, cette rĂ©action semble reflĂ©ter un degrĂ© incomplet du mĂ©canisme de transmission. Également, nos rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que ledit coefficient a subi une flambĂ©e de la première Ă  la deuxième pĂ©riode, comme diffĂ©rente s Ă©conomies avancĂ©es, ayant connu une augmentation du Pass-through dans le temps. Â»    Mots-clĂ©s : Pass-through du Taux de Change RĂ©el, SVAR, chocs, inflation importĂ©, rĂ©ponses impulsionnelles, dĂ©composition de la variance JEL Classification : B23, M16, M11, M21, O31 Type de papier : Recherche empirique &nbsp

    A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Shariah-Compliant Portfolio Optimization in a Fuzzy Environment with Transaction Costs Considerations: Shariah-Compliant Portfolio Optimization

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    In this article, a novel framework is put forth for the optimization of portfolios that adhere to Shariah principles and involve fuzzy variables. Various approaches have been examined to construct financial portfolios that are compliant with Shariah principles. The semi-spread of the fuzzy portfolio return is regarded as a risk measure in Islamic finance, encompassing two parameters that represent the investor's level of risk aversion. By utilizing fuzzy variables, the optimization model becomes more realistic and enables the consideration of uncertainty. Different types of transaction costs have been modeled and taken into account in the optimization model. We employed a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the portfolio optimization problem. The proposed model simplifies the computational complexity and facilitates the future development of research on the optimization model for Shariah-compliant fuzzy pricing

    Discovery of Functional SNPs via Genome-Wide Exploration of Malaysian Pigmented Rice Varieties

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    Recently, rice breeding program has shown increased interests on the pigmented rice varieties due to their benefits to human health. However, the genetic variation of pigmented rice varieties is still scarce and remains unexplored. Hence, we performed genome-wide SNP analysis from the genome resequencing of four Malaysian pigmented rice varieties, representing two black and two red rice varieties. The genome of four pigmented varieties was mapped against Nipponbare reference genome sequences, and 1.9 million SNPs were discovered. Of these, 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites were identified in 258 protein-coding genes related to metabolism, stress response, and transporter. Comparative analysis of 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites against six rice SNP datasets from the Ensembl Plants variation database was performed, and 70 SNPs were identified as novel SNPs. Analysis of SNPs in the flavonoid biosynthetic genes revealed 40 nonsynonymous SNPs, which has potential as molecular markers for rice seed colour identification. The highlighted SNPs in this study show effort in producing valuable genomic resources for application in the rice breeding program, towards the genetic improvement of new and improved pigmented rice varieties

    Reconstruction of Curcuma aeruginosa secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway using omics data

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    Curcuma aeruginosa or temu hitam is herbaceous plant with high therapeutic values in its rhizome that is widely used in traditional medicine. However, molecular studies on the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway of C. aeruginosa is still limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore and reconstruct the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway of C. aeruginosa rhizome by integrating the metabolite profiling and transcriptomic data. A total of 81 metabolites were identified in the rhizome of C. aeruginosa; amongst others are curzerene and β-Cubebene which are potent antioxidants. A total of 28,225 unigene were obtained from the transcriptomic sequencing of C. aeruginosa rhizome and analysed to identify potential genes associated with the biosynthesis of its metabolites. Of these, 43 unigenes were identified and mapped onto five sub-pathways; i.e. carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, terpenoid and steroid biosynthetic pathway, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway. This study demonstrated a systematic bioinformatic approach to reconstruct a metabolic pathway in the rhizome of C. aeruginosa using bioinformatic approach
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