9,701 research outputs found

    Radiolysis of ammonia-containing ices by energetic, heavy and highly charged ions inside dense astrophysical environments

    Full text link
    Deeply inside dense molecular clouds and protostellar disks, the interstellar ices are protected from stellar energetic UV photons. However, X-rays and energetic cosmic rays can penetrate inside these regions triggering chemical reactions, molecular dissociation and evaporation processes. We present experimental studies on the interaction of heavy, highly charged and energetic ions (46 MeV Ni^13+) with ammonia-containing ices in an attempt to simulate the physical chemistry induced by heavy ion cosmic rays inside dense astrophysical environments. The measurements were performed inside a high vacuum chamber coupled to the heavy ion accelerator GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds) in Caen, France.\textit{In-situ} analysis is performed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) at different fluences. The averaged values for the dissociation cross section of water, ammonia and carbon monoxide due to heavy cosmic ray ion analogs are ~2x10^{-13}, 1.4x10^{-13} and 1.9x10^{-13} cm2^2, respectively. In the presence of a typical heavy cosmic ray field, the estimated half life for the studied species is 2-3x10^6 years. The ice compaction (micropore collapse) due to heavy cosmic rays seems to be at least 3 orders of magnitude higher than the one promoted by (0.8 MeV) protons . In the case of the irradiated H2O:NH3:CO ice, the infrared spectrum at room temperature reveals five bands that were tentatively assigned to vibration modes of the zwitterionic glycine (+NH3CH2COO-).Comment: Accepted to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics; Number of pages: 12; Number of Figures: 7; Number of Tables:

    A multi-agent system model to integrate Virtual Learning Environments and Intelligent Tutoring Systems

    Get PDF
    Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are used in distance learning and classroom teaching as teachers and students support tools in the teaching–learning process, where teachers can provide material, activities and assessments for students. However, this process is done in the same way for all the students, regardless of their differences in performance and behavior in the environment. The purpose of this work is to develop an agent-based intelligent learning environment model inspired by intelligent tutoring to provide adaptability to distributed VLEs, using Moodle as a case study and taking into account student's performance on tasks and activities proposed by the teacher, as well as monitoring his/her study material access

    Anisotropic elastic theory of preloaded granular media

    Full text link
    A macroscopic elastic description of stresses in static, preloaded granular media is derived systematically from the microscopic elasticity of individual inter-grain contacts. The assumed preloaded state and friction at contacts ensure that the network of inter-grain contacts is not altered by small perturbations. The texture of this network, set by the preparation of the system, is encoded in second and fourth order fabric tensors. A small perturbation generates both normal and tangential inter-grain forces, the latter causing grains to reorient. This reorientation response and the incremental stress are expressed in terms of the macroscopic strain.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted version. [email protected] [email protected]

    Viabilidade econômica da integração lavoura-pecuária.

    Get PDF
    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica da integração lavoura-pecuária em áreas irrigadas no Estado de Goiás

    Qualidade e diferenciação em torno do café: modelos em concorrência.

    Get PDF
    O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em discutir dois enfoques divergentes em torno da cafeicultura com vistas a fornecer elementos de análise para uma pesquisa acerca das dinâmicas territoriais, agricultura e sociedade. Cada vez mais, oportunidades se desenham para uma revalorização da cafeicultura, particularmente em sintonia com as idéias de fortalecer a agricultura familiar, de promover as dinâmicas territoriais e de preservar o meio ambiente. Porém, estas oportunidades concorrem com um modelo dominante de conceber os sistemas agro-alimentares no Brasil, no qual a agricultura consiste apenas em suporte para a produção de commodities indiferenciadas, baratas e abundantes

    Identificação de dinâmicas sociais e econômicas na construção territorial de cafés de qualidade diferenciada no Sul de Minas.

    Get PDF
    O Sul de Minas é a maior região produtora de café do país e o espaço geográfico de Machado, Poço Fundo e Campestre, aí localizado, compreende um dos mais destacados conjuntos de municípios sob o ponto de vista do cultivo. A base técnica e social sob a qual a cultura do café destas três áreas se desenvolveu historicamente é caracterizada por numerosas e pequenas explorações familiares. O café é de toda evidência responsável por uma identidade territorial aí existente, o que torna pertinente uma pesquisa nestes municípios do Sul de Minas Gerais, com ênfase nos conhecimentos, práticas e representações utilizadas na produção, usos, difusão e conservação de recursos do território. O objetivo da pesquisa é buscar respostas aos problemas do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável e, para tal, destacou inicialmente o município de Poço Fundo, dentre os três mencionados. A partir da conclusão do mapeamento de projetos coletivos, atores sociais e programas públicos, esta fase da pesquisa, aqui em destaque, buscou identificar as dinâmicas sociais e econômicas capazes de caracterizar o processo de construção de território junto a gestores públicos e atores representativos dos projetos coletivos, por intermédio do uso de entrevistas apoiadas em um roteiro único semi-estruturado

    Depth of sulfur fertilization as affecting nodulation and grain yield of common bean.

    Get PDF
    Depth of sulfur (S) fertilization can affect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) development and a better understanding of its interaction with plant nodulation could help to improve common bean grain yield in soils under Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine nodulation, grain yield and yield components of common bean as affected by rates and deep of S fertilization. The experimental designed was a randomized block in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, with four replications. Treatments were the combination of sulfur rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1) at two depths (0.06 and 0.12 m) in two growing season (2014 and 2015). S fertilization depth did not affect number of nodules, root and shoot dry matter of common bean. The application of S in the uppermost layer provided significant increases in the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield of common bean. Fertilization with S provided significant increases in grain yield of common bean. Thus, the sulfated fertilization should be considered in farming systems aiming for high yields

    Características botânicas e agronômicas de cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.).

    Get PDF
    O objetivo deste trabalho é informar aos produtores, técnicos que trabalham em campos de produção de sementes, melhoristas e analistas de sementes, algumas características de cultivares comerciais e melhoradas de arroz. As cultivares, num total de 21, recomendadas para o cultivo em terras altas, foram caracterizadas em condições de campo e laboratório. No campo foram estudados o ciclo natural, caracteres morfológicos e agronômicos da planta e, em laboratório, algumas características das sementes.bitstream/CNPAF/19137/1/doc_130.pd
    corecore