PERCEPTION OF MEDICINE ACADEMICS IN THE ACTIVE METHODOLOGY ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN SURGICAL PRACTICE AND THEIR APPLICATION IN HOSPITALITY: AN OBSERVATIONAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: During the medical internship, the last phase of the medical degree, the student is exposed to internships in the medical field of general surgery in health services, where he receives intensive training to start developing his skills and practical surgical notions, in this way, for the student to be introduced early to the surgical scenario, the use of biological parts during practical classes in medical education becomes a tool for the improvement of the teaching-learning process.Objective: To evaluate the perception of medical students in active methodology on the use of biological parts in the teaching of Surgical Skills and their contributions to the medical internship.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online where 106 boarding students (ninth, tenth, and eleventh semesters) of the medical course of a college in the interior of São Paulo were interviewed through a questionnaire using the Google Forms™ tool.Results: 106 students were included in the study, 65 (61.3%) were female and the median age was 26 years. 30.5% intend to follow surgery as a medical specialty, and the majority (45.3%) consider the use of the surgery course and performance in the surgery internship very satisfactory. 89.6% and 92.5% stated that the use of biological parts improved skills for the internship and is important for practical classes, respectively. The most relevant procedures addressed in the Surgical Skills discipline were ATLS (79.2%), hemostasis (76%), and cricotomy (56.6%). Skills in the development of surgical procedures (51.9%), instrumentation skills (45.3%), and safety in carrying out activities were the main contributions of surgery classes to internship activities identified by medical students. And this important is the acquisition of anatomical knowledge acquired during classes (68.9%). Most participants (56.6%) identified cricotomy as the main activity enhanced by the use of biological parts. The main contents not covered in the surgical skills were: urological (26.4%) and vascular (21.7%) surgery procedures. There was no relationship between the achievement of the college's surgery course and the student's performance in the surgery internship (p=0.10).Conclusion: According to the perception of medical students in active methodology, the biological model for teaching medical skills has shown promise in  favoring students' understanding and helping them to perform the necessary surgical procedures  during their internship.Keywords: Internship; Surgical skills; Biological parts; Practice; Active method.RESUMOIntrodução: Durante o internato médico, última fase do curso de medicina, o aluno é exposto a estágios na área médica de cirurgia geral em serviços de saúde, onde recebe formação intensiva para começar a desenvolver as suas competências e noções práticas cirúrgicas, desta forma, para que o aluno seja introduzido precocemente no cenário cirúrgico, o uso de peças biológicas durante as aulas práticas na educação médica torna-se uma ferramenta para a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem.Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de estudantes de medicina em metodologia ativa sobre o uso de peças biológicas no ensino de Habilidades Cirúrgicas e suas contribuições para o internato médico.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo online, onde foram entrevistados 106 alunos internos (nono, décimo e décimo primeiro semestre) do curso de medicina de uma faculdade do interior de São Paulo, por meio de questionário utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms™.Resultados: 106 alunos foram incluídos no estudo, 65 (61,3%) eram do sexo feminino e a idade mediana foi de 26 anos. 30,5% pretendem seguir a cirurgia como especialidade médica, e a maioria (45,3%) considera muito satisfatório o aproveitamento do curso de cirurgia e o desempenho no estágio de cirurgia. 89,6% e 92,5% afirmaram que o uso de peças biológicas melhorou as habilidades para o estágio e é importante para as aulas práticas, respectivamente. Os procedimentos mais relevantes abordados na disciplina Técnicas Cirúrgicas foram ATLS (79,2%), hemostasia (76%) e cricotomia (56,6%). Habilidades no desenvolvimento de procedimentos cirúrgicos (51,9%), habilidades de instrumentação (45,3%) e segurança na realização das atividades foram as principais contribuições das aulas de cirurgia para as atividades de estágio identificadas pelos estudantes de medicina. E este importante é a aquisição de conhecimentos anatômicos adquiridos durante as aulas (68,9%). A maioria dos participantes (56,6%) identificou a cricotomia como a principal atividade potencializada pelo uso de peças biológicas. Os principais conteúdos não contemplados nas habilidades cirúrgicas foram: procedimentos cirúrgicos urológicos (26,4%) e vasculares (21,7%). Não houve relação entre o aproveitamento do curso de cirurgia da faculdade e o desempenho do aluno no estágio de cirurgia (p=0,10).Conclusão: De acordo com a percepção dos estudantes de medicina na metodologia ativa, o modelo biológico para o ensino de habilidades médicas mostrou-se promissor em favorecer a compreensão dos estudantes e auxiliá-los na realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos necessários durante o estágio.Palavras-chave: Estágio; Habilidades cirúrgicas; Partes biológicas; Prática; Método ativo.

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Processo De Desidratação De Compostos Orgánicos E Produtos Compreendendo Composto Orgánico Desidratado

A presente invenção pertence ao campo dos métodos de remoção de água de compostos orgânicos. Especificamente, o composto orgânico da presente invenção é o petróleo. Opcionalmente este método pode ser utilizado para óleos vegetais, animais e minerais. O método de remoção de água da presente invenção compreende o uso de aquecimento brando do composto orgânico sob vácuo e mantem íntegras as demais características do composto orgânico. Pelo método da presente invenção, a água recuperada ao final do processo pode ser devolvida ao meio ambiente.BRPI0804392 (A2)C10G7/04C10G7/06BR2008PI04392C10G7/04C10G7/0

Gentamicin-induced preconditioning of proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells stimulates nitric oxide production but not the synthesis of heat shock protein

Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of antibiotics such as gentamicin. Preconditioning has been reported to protect against injuries as ischemia/reperfusion. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of preconditioning with gentamicin on LLC-PK1 cells. Preconditioning was induced in LLC-PK1 cells by 24-h exposure to 2.0 mM gentamicin (G/IU). After 4 or 15 days of preconditioning, cells were again exposed to gentamicin (2.0 mM) and compared to untreated control or G/IU cells. Necrosis and apoptosis were assessed by acridine orange and HOESCHT 33346. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 were assessed by the Griess method and available kit. Heat shock proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. After 15 days of preconditioning, LLC-PK1 cells exhibited a significant decrease in necrosis (23.5 ± 4.3 to 6.5 ± 0.3%) and apoptosis (23.5 ± 4.3 to 6.5 ± 2.1%) and an increase in cell proliferation compared to G/IU. NO (0.177 ± 0.05 to 0.368 ± 0.073 µg/mg protein) and endothelin-1 (1.88 ± 0.47 to 2.75 ± 0.53 pg/mL) production significantly increased after 15 days of preconditioning compared to G/IU. No difference in inducible HSP 70, constitutive HSC 70 or HSP 90 synthesis in tubular cells was observed after preconditioning with gentamicin. The present data suggest that preconditioning with gentamicin has protective effects on proximal tubular cells, that involved NO synthesis but not reduction of endothelin-1 or production of HSP 70, HSC 70, or HSP 90. We conclude that preconditioning could be a useful tool to prevent the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin

Agro-ecology as a mediating science between the training of the agronomist and sustainable agriculture

Agro-ecology plays an important role in the implementation of sustainable development, and an agronomist can be a leading agent in the dissemination of that culture. In this perspective, a survey was carried out with the attendants of the course in Agronomy at the Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Mato Grosso, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis, Brazil. The object of the study was to analyze the participation of the academics in agro-ecological activities, seeking to observe the acceptance, perceptions and possible indications of incorporation of these principles in the training. The survey was conducted during the period July-December 2011. The approach was the qualitative method and the instruments used in data collection were participant observation and interviews during the activities. The results revealed the satisfaction of students in engaging in agro-ecological activities: Students developed concepts and incorporated the proposal of agro-ecology throughout the project. The contents of the agronomy course offered at the institution, in the perception of students, is strongly linked to the principles of conventional farming, not fully considering training to meet the challenges, and current and emerging demands of agriculture

Identifying freshwater priority areas for cross-taxa interactions

Information about biotic interactions (e.g. competition, predation, parasitism, diseases, mutualism, allelopathy) is fundamental to better understand species distribution and abundance, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately guide conservation efforts. However, conservation planning often overlooks these important interactions. Here, we aim to demonstrate a new framework to include biotic interactions into Marxan. For that, we use freshwater mussels and fish interaction (as mussels rely on fishes to complete their life cycle) in the Douro River basin (Iberian Peninsula) as a case study. While doing that, we also test the importance of including biotic interactions into conservation planning exercises, by running spatial prioritisation analysis considering either: 1) only the target species (freshwater mussels); 2) freshwater mussels and their obligatory hosts (freshwater fishes); 3) freshwater mussels, fishes and their interactions. With this framework we found that biotic interactions tend to be underrepresented when the data on both freshwater mussels and fishes is not simultaneously included in the spatial prioritisation. Overall, the priority areas selected across all scenarios are mostly located in the western part of the Douro River basin, where most freshwaterJoana Nogueira was fi nancially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the Grant (2020.04637.BD) . Ana Filipa Filipe was also supported by FCT under the FRESHING project (PTDC/AAGMAA/2261/2014 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356016824) and under the Individual Stimulus of Scientific Employment CEEC (2020.03872. CEECIND) . Virgilio Hermoso was funded by an Emergia contract (EMERGIA20_00135)

Joint species distribution models unveil co-occurrences between freshwater mussels and their fish hosts

Aim: Freshwater mussels are among the most threatened taxa in the world, partially due to the dependence on fish hosts to complete their life cycle. Knowledge about the role of environmental and biotic drivers in determining mussels' distribution is currently lacking. We aimed to assess the role of environmental and biotic drivers in determining the distribution of mussels and their fish hosts and to test if co-occurrence patterns were able to identify mussel-host interactions.Location: Douro River basin (Iberian Peninsula).Taxon: Four freshwater mussels and ten fish hosts.Methods: Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) were fitted to presence-absence records for mussel and fish assemblages. Variance partitioning among environmental variables and latent variables was conducted to determine the environmental versus biotic drivers of species distributions. Resulting matrices of pairwise species co-occurrences were used to identify co-occurrence patterns.Results: The distribution of host generalist mussel species was mainly explained by environmental variables related to climate and topography. The distribution of the host specialist Margaritifera margaritifera was mainly explained by land use. Strong positive correlations between mussels and the most relevant fish hosts were consistently captured by JSDMs. Co-occurrence patterns were mainly explained by residual factors, indicating the potential role of biotic interactions.Main Conclusions: Biotic interactions were expected to play an important role in explaining mussels' distribution, but the contribution of this factor was only meaningful for the host specialist M. margaritifera. Correlations between mussels and suitable hosts allowed to infer important fish hosts for freshwater mussels in the Douro River basin from distributional data alone. By finding similarities between the ecological requirements of co-occurring species, conservation measures can be oriented towards several species, which brings a more holistic perspective to the protection of biodiversitThis work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under project FRESHCO—Multiple implications of invasive species on Freshwater Mussel coextinction processes (PTDC/AGR-FOR/1627/2014) and project FRESHING—Next-generation biomonitoring: freshwater bioassessment and species conservation improved with metagenomics (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2261/2014 – POCI-01-0145-FEDER-356 016824) and by the MAVA Foundation through project Reviving Douro Basin. FCT and the European Social Fund also sponsored a doctoral Grant to JS (SFRH/BD/146492/2019), the project UIDB/04033/2020 and MLL (2020.03608.CEECIND), EF (CEECIND/00627/2017), AFF (2020.03872.CEECIND) and DVG (2020.03848.CEECIND) under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment. AGR was funded by the FRESHING project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2261/2014 FCT, Portugal and COMPETE). We thank all collaborators that helped in the fieldwork, particularly André Gomes dos Santos, Filipa Martins, Francisco Carvalho, Sara Carona, Mário Ferreira, Tiago Neves, and José Pedro Ramião. Permits regarding fish capture, handling, transportation and holding were issued by the Portuguese Institute for Conservation of Nature and Forests (340/2017/CAPT) and by the Junta de Castilla y Léon (EP/CYL393/2017, EP/CYL/394/2018)