Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp Associated with Proliferation of Xanthoma Cells Observed by Magnification Narrow-Band Imaging Endoscopy

A case of gastric hyperplastic polyp with proliferation of xanthoma cells is reported. The patient was a 69-year-old man who visited our hospital for further evaluation of gastric polyps. Endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract revealed multiple hyperplastic polyps in the gastric antrum. There was a pedunculated polyp with whitish yellow granules, 7 mm in diameter, arising from the greater curvature of the antrum. Magnification narrow-band imaging endoscopy (GIF-H260Z, Olympus) revealed long microcapillaries in the polyp but did not reveal disappearance of the mucosal microstructure or irregular branched capillaries. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed. Histological examination of the specimen revealed the lengthened gastric foveolae in the superficial portion and tight sheet of foamy histiocytes in the lamina propria. Diagnosis of gastric hyperplastic polyp with proliferation of xanthoma cells was made. There was no evidence of malignancy. It is necessary to know that a gastric hyperplastic polyp may associate with gastric xanthoma, although such association is very rare

Robot-assisted endoscopic surgery experience

In Japan,１２ new operative robot-assisted endoscopic surgery methods were officially approved by the ２０１８ revision of the medical payment system, and robot-assisted endoscopic surgery is using in each field. We have used the pneumatically driven endoscope manipulator robot（EMAROⓇ）in three video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery（VATS）lobectomy cases : right upper lobe lung cancer in a ５３-year-old male, right lower lobe lung cancer in a ７０-year-old male, and right lower lobe lung cancer in an ８１-year-old female. The average operative time was ２０９ min. The average bleeding volume was ４６．７ml. The grades ware nearly equal to those obtained in a standard VATS lobectomy. The head sensor that monitors the movement of the operator is connected to the endoscope holder. The operator can thus move the endoscope smoothly from the operator’s point of view, and endoscope-user skill is not needed. A VATS lobectomy can be performed by only two operators （no scope user is needed）, and this is a major advantage of the new manipulator robot. We expect to see further advances in the use of robot assistance in surgeries

Розробка математичної моделі оцінювання процесу іскріння в індуктивно-ємнісних електричних колах

The brain is one of the most energetically expensive organs in the vertebrate body. Consequently, the high cost of brain development and maintenance is predicted to constrain adaptive brain size evolution (the expensive tissue hypothesis, ETH). Here, we test the ETH in a teleost fish with predominant female mating competition (reversed sex roles) and male pregnancy, the pacific seaweed pipefish Syngnathus schlegeli. The relative size of the brain and other energetically expensive organs (kidney, liver, heart, gut, visceral fat, and ovary/testis) was compared among three groups: pregnant males, nonpregnant males and egg producing females. Brood size in pregnant males was unrelated to brain size or the size of any other organ, whereas positive relationships were found between ovary size, kidney size, and liver size in females. Moreover, we found that the size of energetically expensive organs (brain, heart, gut, kidney, and liver) as well as the amount of visceral fat did not differ between pregnant and nonpregnant males. However, we found marked differences in relative size of the expensive organs between sexes. Females had larger liver and kidney than males, whereas males stored more visceral fat than females. Furthermore, in females we found a negative correlation between brain size and the amount of visceral fat, whereas in males, a positive trend between brain size and both liver and heart size was found. These results suggest that, while the majority of variation in the size of various expensive organs in this species likely reflects that individuals in good condition can afford to allocate resources to several organs, the cost of the expensive brain was visible in the visceral fat content of females, possibly due to the high costs associated with female egg production.Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t25d2</p

(2,7-Dimethoxy­naphthalene-1,8-di­yl)bis­(4-fluoro­benzo­yl)dimethanone

The title compound, C26H18F2O4, is a naphthalene derivative in which the two aroyl groups at the 1- and 8-positions (peri positions) are anti to each other. There is an appreciable difference in the dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system and the two benzene rings [66.88 (7)° and 88.09 (6)°]. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O inter­actions involving one of the carbonyl groups and an aromatic C—H group ortho to the F atom seem to stabilize the packing of the mol­ecules

Circumnuclear Multi-phase Gas in the Circinus Galaxy. V. The Origin of the X-Ray Polarization in the Circinus Galaxy

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) detected X-ray polarization in the nearest Seyfert 2 galaxy, the Circinus galaxy, for the first time. To reproduce the IXPE results, we computed the degree of polarization based on two types of radiative hydrodynamic simulations: a parsec-scale three-dimensional model and a sub-parsec-scale axisymmetric model with a higher spatial resolution. In a series of papers, we confirmed that these models naturally explain the multi-wavelength observations of the Circinus galaxy from radio to X-rays. We used a Monte Carlo Simulation for Astrophysics and Cosmology code to compute the linear polarization of continuum emission. We found that the degree of polarization based on the parsec-scale radiation-driven fountain model was smaller than that observed with the IXPE. The degree of polarization based on the sub-parsec-scale model depends on the hydrogen number density of the disk ($d$), and the degree of polarization obtained from our simulation is consistent with that observed with the IXPE in the case of $\log d/\mathrm{cm}^{-3} \geq 13$. We investigate where the photons are Compton scattered and imply that the origin of the X-ray polarization in the Circinus galaxy is the outflow inside $0.01 \ \mathrm{pc}$. In this case, the degree of polarization may change over a timescale of approximately ten years.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Eye tracking in an everyday environment reveals the interpersonal distance that affords infant-parent gaze communication

親子の視線交渉が対人距離によって調節されることを解明 --親視点から探る、乳児と親の視線のやりとり--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-07-24.The unique morphology of human eyes enables gaze communication at various ranges of interpersonal distance. Although gaze communication contributes to infants’ social development, little is known about how infant-parent distance affects infants’ visual experience in daily gaze communication. The present study conducted longitudinal observations of infant-parent face-to-face interactions in the home environment as 5 infants aged from 10 to 15.5 months. Using head-mounted eye trackers worn by parents, we evaluated infants’ daily visual experience of 3138 eye contact scenes recorded from the infants’ second-person perspective. The results of a hierarchical Bayesian statistical analysis suggest that certain levels of interpersonal distance afforded smooth interaction with eye contact. Eye contacts were not likely to be exchanged when the infant and parent were too close or too far apart. The number of continuing eye contacts showed an inverse U-shaped pattern with interpersonal distance, regardless of whether the eye contact was initiated by the infant or the parent. However, the interpersonal distance was larger when the infant initiated the eye contact than when the parent initiated it, suggesting that interpersonal distance affects the infant’s and parent’s social look differently. Overall, the present study indicates that interpersonal distance modulates infant-parent gaze communication