¿Cómo abordar la dimensión colectiva de la salud de las personas? Informe SESPAS 2012

ResumenLa salud de los colectivos depende en gran parte de factores del entorno. Cabe plantearse cuál ha de ser el papel de los profesionales sanitarios, en especial de la salud pública y la atención primaria, en la formulación de objetivos y en el desarrollo de acciones para la mejora de la salud de la población. Se plantea un recorrido desde el conocimiento de las potencialidades y las necesidades de salud hasta las actividades que suponen una verdadera y positiva transformación, es decir, desde la información hasta la acción. Este recorrido transcurre a modo de conversacciones que sobre la salud cabe llevar a cabo. Se analiza la situación actual, sus debilidades y fortalezas, y se elaboran propuestas para todo el proceso: información, encuentro y acción. La información exige trascender los datos que las diferentes fuentes proporcionan, generando conocimiento a quienes pertenecen a la comunidad o están muy cerca de ella. Esta mirada debe contemplar, además de los déficits, los activos en salud, conocimiento útil para todos los que pueden influir en los determinantes de la salud, incluidos los sanitarios. Finalmente, al considerar las acciones para mejorar la salud, se insiste en los beneficios de la promoción de la salud en el sentido más genuino del término, mediante una reflexión en términos de efectividad y de eficiencia. El fracaso de una intervención que no consigue mejorar la salud, ¿se debe a su inutilidad o a que se desarrolla de manera inadecuada?AbstractThe health of the population largely depends on environmental factors, raising the issue of what the role of health professionals, particularly those in public health and primary care, should be in the planning of objectives and actions for improvement. The present article proposes a trajectory, starting with knowledge of the community's strong points in health and its needs, and ending with taking action. This trajectory requires discussion on how information can be transformed into action. We analyze the current situation and its strengths and weaknesses, and make proposals for the entire process: from information to action. Information is more than just the available data gathered from different sources; it is also knowledge of those who belong to the community or are very close to it. This perspective should include both health deficits and health assets. This information should be used not only by health professionals, but by all those in a position to influence the determinants of health. Finally, when considering the actions required to improve the health of a community, we emphasize the benefits of health promotion, in the genuine sense of the term, by reflecting on effectiveness and efficiency. The question of whether the failure of an intervention to improve health is due to the futility of the action, or to be action being undertaken in an inefficient way, is discussed

Classification of red grapes according to their state of ripeness using a low-cost multispectral device

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la idoneidad de un sensor multiespectral de bajo costo para la determinación del estado de maduración de uvas tintas. El dispositivo propuesto se basa en un sensor multiespectral, con 18 bandas de detección en el rango entre los 410 y los 940 nm. La recogida de muestras se llevó a cabo en un viñedo comercial situado en Rociana del Condado, Huelva. El dispositivo propuesto se utilizó para adquirir la respuesta espectral de 80 racimos de uva en condiciones de laboratorio. Tras esto, cada una de las muestras fue analizada mediante métodos estándar de laboratorio para obtener indicadores objetivos de su estado de maduración (sólidos solubles totales y acidez). Los 18 valores de reflectancia ofrecidos por el sensor fueron usados como datos de entrada para entrenar redes neuronales artificiales para la clasificación de las muestras de uva en función de los parámetros objetivo. Los resultados obtenidos fueron prometedores, lo cual allana el camino hacia la implementación de un sistema para la monitorización del estado de maduración de uvas asequible para los vinicultores.[EN] The present work aims to evaluate a low-cost multispectral device for non-destructive grape ripening status assessment. The proposed device is based on a multispectral sensor, with a spectral response of 18 channels in a range from 410 to 940 nm. The experimental validation was carried out in a commercial vineyard in Rociana del Condado, Huelva. The proposed device was used to analyze 80 grape samples under laboratory conditions. After being processed with the proposed device the grape samples were analyzed with standard chemical methods to generate ground truth values of ripening status indicators (solid soluble content, and acidity). The 18-reflectance data corresponding to the spectral channels of the employed sensor, were used as input variables for developing artificial neural network models to classify the berries samples based on the mentioned ripeness indicators. The obtained results were promising, which paves the way for the implementation of a portable grape ripening appraisal system affordable for grape growers

Influencia del tipo de portainjerto en producción, calidad organoléptica y saludable en tomate valenciano

[ES] El injerto es una alternativa ecológica para el control de plagas y enfermedades, así como para resolver el complejo conocido como cansancio del suelo. También puede reducir problemas debidos a agentes abióticos. En tomate se está investigando con nuevos patrones que proporcionan resistencia a nematodos, Verticillium, Fusarium oxysporum, ToMV, Phytophtora, etc y sean vigorosos. Pero por otro lado, uno de los aspectos que preocupa cada vez más al consumidor de tomate, es el relativo al sabor, textura y su funcionalidad nutricional y saludable. En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de 11 portainjertos comerciales (Beaufort, Multifort, Silex, Aligator, Monbasa, Emperador, Kaiser, King Kong, Amstrong, Arnold y Groundforce) sobre la respuesta agronómica y las características organoléptica, nutricional y saludable comparándolos frente a testigo sin injertar, en una selección de tomate (Solanum Licopersicum) valenciano “Vicente Peris” en invernadero con cubierta de malla, en el Centro de Experiencias Cajamar en Paiporta. La mayor producción comercial se obtuvo con el tomate injertado sobre Groundforce y la menor con el testigo. La mayor producción de destrío total se obtuvo con las plantas injertadas sobre Aligator y Arnold y la menor sobre el portainjerto Kaiser y el testigo, sin observar d.s.n.e. El menor peso medio de los frutos se obtuvo en las plantas testigo. El menor índice de nodulación se observó en las raíces de los cvs Emperador y Arnold, sin detectar d.s.n.e.. Se observó que la calidad organoléptica en los tratamientos con portainjertos frente al testigo disminuyó el contenido en sólidos solubles y acidez. En cuanto a propiedades saludables todos los portainjertos excepto Multifort (menor al testigo), tienen un mayor contenido en licopeno y en polifenoles totales.[EN] The graft practice is an ecological alternative for control of pests and diseases, as well as to resolve the exhaustion of the soil. It can also be used to reduce problems due to abiotic agents. Tomato crop is under research and new rootstocks have been evaluated for providing resistance to nematodes, Verticillium, Fusarium oxysporum, ToMV, Phytophtora, etc and to confer plants vigour. But on the other hand, some of the aspects that have an increasing concern for the tomato consumers are taste, texture and nutritional and healthy functionality. This work analyzes the influence of 11 commercial rootstocks (Beaufort, Multifort, Flint, Aligator, Monbasa, Emperor, Kaiser Permanente, King Kong, Armstrong, Arnold and Groundforce) on the agronomic behavior and organoleptic, nutritional and healthy characteristics over a selection of tomato (Solanum Licopersicum) Valenciano "Vicente Peris", compared to a control without grafting. The crop took place under a mesh cover in the facilities of Research Centre Cajamar in Paiporta. The largest commercial production was obtained with the tomato grafted on Groundforce followed by Armstrong and the minor production was achieved by the control. The highest non-commercial production was obtained with plants grafted on Alligator and Arnold and the lowest plants grafted on the rootstock Kaiser and the control, without seeing d.s.n.e. The lower average weight of the fruits was obtained in control plants without grafting. The lower nematode index was observed in grafted with Emperador and Arnold without seeing d.s.n.e. It is noted that organoleptic quality on the treatments with rootstocks decreases, mainly the content in soluble solids and acidity, in front of the control.. In terms of healthy properties all rootstocks have a higher total content of lycopene and polyphenols, except Multifort (lower than the control).Aguilar, J.; Giner, A.; Baixauli, C.; Nájera, I.; Núñez, A.; M.A. Domene; Segura, M. (2020). Influencia del tipo de portainjerto en producción, calidad organoléptica y saludable en tomate valenciano. En I Congrés de la Tomaca Valenciana: La Tomaca Valenciana d'El Perelló. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 29-43. https://doi.org/10.4995/TOMAVAL2017.2017.6377OCS294

Radiation Hydrodynamical Instabilities in Cosmological and Galactic Ionization Fronts

Ionization fronts, the sharp radiation fronts behind which H/He ionizing photons from massive stars and galaxies propagate through space, were ubiquitous in the universe from its earliest times. The cosmic dark ages ended with the formation of the first primeval stars and galaxies a few hundred Myr after the Big Bang. Numerical simulations suggest that stars in this era were very massive, 25 - 500 solar masses, with H II regions of up to 30,000 light-years in diameter. We present three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical calculations that reveal that the I-fronts of the first stars and galaxies were prone to violent instabilities, enhancing the escape of UV photons into the early intergalactic medium (IGM) and forming clumpy media in which supernovae later exploded. The enrichment of such clumps with metals by the first supernovae may have led to the prompt formation of a second generation of low-mass stars, profoundly transforming the nature of the first protogalaxies. Cosmological radiation hydrodynamics is unique because ionizing photons coupled strongly to both gas flows and primordial chemistry at early epochs, introducing a hierarchy of disparate characteristic timescales whose relative magnitudes can vary greatly throughout a given calculation. We describe the adaptive multistep integration scheme we have developed for the self-consistent transport of both cosmological and galactic ionization fronts.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for proceedings of HEDLA2010, Caltech, March 15 - 18, 201

GARBAN: genomic analysis and rapid biological annotation of cDNA microarray and proteomic data

Genomic Analysis and Rapid Biological ANnotation (GARBAN) is a new tool that provides an integrated framework to analyze simultaneously and compare multiple data sets derived from microarray or proteomic experiments. It carries out automated classifications of genes or proteins according to the criteria of the Gene Ontology Consortium at a level of depth defined by the user. Additionally, it performs clustering analysis of all sets based on functional categories or on differential expression levels. GARBAN also provides graphical representations of the biological pathways in which all the genes/proteins participate. AVAILABILITY: http://garban.tecnun.es

Wind-Blown Bubbles around Evolved Stars

Most stars will experience episodes of substantial mass loss at some point in their lives. For very massive stars, mass loss dominates their evolution, although the mass loss rates are not known exactly, particularly once the star has left the main sequence. Direct observations of the stellar winds of massive stars can give information on the current mass-loss rates, while studies of the ring nebulae and HI shells that surround many Wolf-Rayet (WR) and luminous blue variable (LBV) stars provide information on the previous mass-loss history. The evolution of the most massive stars, (M > 25 solar masses), essentially follows the sequence O star to LBV or red supergiant (RSG) to WR star to supernova. For stars of mass less than 25 solar masses there is no final WR stage. During the main sequence and WR stages, the mass loss takes the form of highly supersonic stellar winds, which blow bubbles in the interstellar and circumstellar medium. In this way, the mechanical luminosity of the stellar wind is converted into kinetic energy of the swept-up ambient material, which is important for the dynamics of the interstellar medium. In this review article, analytic and numerical models are used to describe the hydrodynamics and energetics of wind-blown bubbles. A brief review of observations of bubbles is given, and the degree to which theory is supported by observations is discussed.Comment: To be published as a chapter in 'Diffuse Matter from Star Forming Regions to Active Galaxies' - A volume Honouring John Dyson. Eds. T. W. Harquist, J. M. Pittard and S. A. E. G. Falle. 22 pages, 12 figure

Habitable Zones and UV Habitable Zones around Host Stars

Ultraviolet radiation is a double-edged sword to life. If it is too strong, the terrestrial biological systems will be damaged. And if it is too weak, the synthesis of many biochemical compounds can not go along. We try to obtain the continuous ultraviolet habitable zones, and compare the ultraviolet habitable zones with the habitable zones of host stars. Using the boundary ultraviolet radiation of ultraviolet habitable zone, we calculate the ultraviolet habitable zones of host stars with masses from 0.08 to 4.00 \mo. For the host stars with effective temperatures lower than 4,600 K, the ultraviolet habitable zones are closer than the habitable zones. For the host stars with effective temperatures higher than 7,137 K, the ultraviolet habitable zones are farther than the habitable zones. For hot subdwarf as a host star, the distance of the ultraviolet habitable zone is about ten times more than that of the habitable zone, which is not suitable for life existence.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Atopic dermatitis incidence and risk factors in young adults in Castellon (Spain): A prospective cohort study

Introduction: There are few atopic dermatitis (AD) incidence cohort studies in young adults, the etiology of this disease remains obscure, and AD risk factors in adults are not well understood. The objective of this study was to estimate AD ten-year incidence and prevalence in a cohort of adolescent aged 14–16 at inception in Castellon province in Valencia Region, Spain and describe related risk factors. Material and methods: From 2002 to 2012, a population-based prospective cohort study was carried out. Questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were used with an additional questionnaire for related factors completed by participants and their parents, respectively, in 2002. In 2012 the same questionnaires were completed by the participants’ through a telephone interview, and incidence and prevalence of AD were estimated. Directed acyclic graphs, Poisson regression and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment were used. Results: The participation rate was 79.5% (1435/1805) with AD lifetime prevalence of 34.9% and AD incidence of 13.5 per 1000 person years. Females presented higher prevalence and incidence than males. After adjustment significant risk factors were being female, history of asthma or allergic rhinitis, family history of AD, history of respiratory infections, history of bronchitis, history of pneumonia, history of sinusitis, and birthplace outside Castellon province. The highest AD population attributable risks were female, 30.3%, and history of respiratory infections 15.3%. Differences with AD childhood risk factors were found. Conclusions: AD incidence in our cohort was high and several risks factors were related to AD

Preparation and characterization of polymer composite materials based on PLA/TiO2 for antibacterial packaging

Polymer composite materials based on polylactic acid (PLA) filled with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial action of TiO2 against a strain of E. coli (DH5) to obtain information on their potential uses in food and agro-alimentary industry. PLA/TiO2 systems were prepared by a two-step process: Solvent casting followed by a hot-pressing step. Characterization was done as a function of particle size (21 nm and <100 nm) and particle content (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, wt %). Structural characterization carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) did not reveal significant changes in polymer structure due to the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Thermal characterization indicated that thermal transitions, measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), did not vary, irrespective of size or content, whereas thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a slight increase in the temperature of degradation with particle content. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation on the surface of the composites against DH5 Escherichia coli was studied. Results suggested that the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles decreases the amount of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and limits bacterial growth