A New Dynamometer Brake

The mechanism here described belongs to the class of dynamometer brake in which the motive power is transformed into heat in the brake itself. This mechanism was invented by the writer for the purpose of measuring forces in which the two factors, torque and speed, vary within broad limits, the mechanism itself being of simple construction and of still simpler operation

BIOÉTICA E RELIGIÃO

This paper argues the reasons that structuralize the moral judgments, pointing the relevance of if considering the emotions and beliefs like the basic reason of the ethical reflection.Este trabalho discute as razões que estruturam os juízos morais, apontando a relevância de considerar as emoções e crenças como o pano de fundo da reflexão ética

Determinação do sexo em crânios humanos através do processo mastóide

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance for sex determination of the measurement of the area formed by the xerographic projection of 3 craniometric points related to the mastoid process: the porion, asterion, and mastoidale points. METHOD: Sixty skulls, 30 male and 30 female, were analyzed. A xerographic copy of each side of the skull was obtained. On each xerographic copy, the craniometric points were marked to demarcate a triangle. The area (mm²) of the demarcated triangle for each side of the skull (right (D) and left (E) sides) was determined, and the total value of these measures (T) was calculated. RESULTS: Concerning the right area of the male and female skulls, 60% of the values overlapped; for the left area, 51.67% overlapped, and for the total area, 36.67% overlapped. The analysis of the differences between the sexes in the areas studied was significant for the 3 areas. Regarding the total area, which is the preferred measurement because of the asymmetry between the sides of the skull, the value of the mean was 1505.32 mm² for male skulls, which was greater than the maximum value obtained in the female skulls. The value of the mean for female skulls was 1221.24 mm², less than the minimum value obtained for the male skulls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant result in the 3 studied areas, (D), (E), and (T). The total area values show less overlapping of values between the sexes, and therefore can be used for sexing human skulls. For the population studied, values of the total area that were greater than or equal to 1447.40 mm² belonged to male crania (95% confidence). Values for this area that were less than or equal to 1260.36 mm² belonged to female crania (95% confidence).OBJETIVO: Avaliar a significância da medida da área formada pela projeção xerográfica de três pontos craniométricos relacionados ao processo mastóide, que são, o porion, o asterion e o mastoidale, na determinação do sexo em crânios humanos. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 60 crânios, sendo 30 masculinos e 30 femininos. De cada crânio foi realizada uma xerocópia de cada lado sendo assinalados os pontos craniométricos para demarcação de um triângulo. Foram utilizados os valores em mm³ da área do triângulo de cada lado (D) e (E), e o valor correspondente ao somatório dessas duas medidas (T). RESULTADOS: A sobreposição dos valores da área direita (D) entre os crânios masculinos e femininos foi de 60%, dos valores da área esquerda (E) foi de 51,67% e dos valores da área total (T) foi de 36,67%. A análise da diferença dos valores, entre os sexos, mostrou ser significativa nas três áreas estudadas. No estudo da área total (T), preferida devido à assimetria entre os lados da crânio, o valor médio para os crânios masculinos foi 1505,32 mm², acima do valor máximo encontrado em crânios femininos. O valor médio para crânios femininos foi 1211,24 mm2, abaixo do valor mínimo encontrado em crânios masculinos. CONCLUSÕES: O trabalho mostra uma significativa diferença entre os valores nas três áreas de estudo, (D), (E) e (T). Os valores da área total (T) apresentam menor sobreposição entre os sexos devendo ser preferencialmente usados na determinação do sexo em crânios. Para a população em estudo, os valores da área total iguais ou superiores a 1447,40 mm² significam, com nível de confiança igual ou superior a 95%, pertencerem os crânios ao sexo masculino. Para os valores da área total iguais ou inferiores a 1260,36 mm², com nível de confiança igual ou superior a 95%, pertencem os crânios ao sexo feminino

Monte-Carlo simulation of events with Drell-Yan lepton pairs from antiproton-proton collisions

The complete knowledge of the nucleon spin structure at leading twist requires also addressing the transverse spin distribution of quarks, or transversity, which is yet unexplored because of its chiral-odd nature. Transversity can be best extracted from single-spin asymmetries in fully polarized Drell-Yan processes with antiprotons, where valence contributions are involved anyway. Alternatively, in single-polarized Drell-Yan the transversity happens convoluted with another chiral-odd function, which is likely to be responsible for the well known (and yet unexplained) violation of the Lam-Tung sum rule in the corresponding unpolarized cross section. We present Monte-Carlo simulations for the unpolarized and single-polarized Drell-Yan $\bar{p} p^{(\uparrow)} \to \mu^+ \mu^- X$ at different center-of-mass energies in both configurations where the antiproton beam hits a fixed proton target or it collides on another proton beam. The goal is to estimate the minimum number of events needed to extract the above chiral-odd distributions from future measurements at the HESR ring at GSI. It is important to study the feasibility of such experiments at HESR in order to demonstrate that interesting spin physics can be explored already using unpolarized antiprotons.Comment: Deeply revised text with improved discussion of kinematics and results; added one table; 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Baseline reef health surveys at Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) reveal new threats

Worldwide coral reef decline appears to be accompanied by an increase in the spread of hard coral diseases. However, whether this is the result of increased direct and indirect human disturbances and/or an increase in natural stresses remains poorly understood. The provision of baseline surveys for monitoring coral health status lays the foundations to assess the effects of any such anthropogenic and/or natural effects on reefs. Therefore, the objectives of this present study were to provide a coral health baseline in a poorly studied area, and to investigate possible correlations between coral health and the level of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. During the survey period, we recorded 20 different types of coral diseases and other compromised health statuses. The most abundant were cases of coral bleaching, followed by skeletal deformations caused by pyrgomatid barnacles, damage caused by fish bites, general pigmentation response and galls caused by cryptochirid crabs. Instances of colonies affected by skeletal eroding bands, and sedimentation damage increased in correlation to the level of bio-chemical disturbance and/or proximity to villages. Moreover, galls caused by cryptochirid crabs appeared more abundant at sites affected by blast fishing and close to a newly opened metal mine. Interestingly, in the investigated area the percentage of corals showing signs of ‘common’ diseases such as black band disease, brown band disease, white syndrome and skeletal eroding band disease were relatively low. Nevertheless, the relatively high occurrence of less common signs of compromised coral-related reef health, including the aggressive overgrowth by sponges, deserves further investigation. Although diseases appear relatively low at the current time, this area may be at the tipping point and an increase in activities such as mining may irredeemably compromise reef health.This research was partially funded by Coral Eye, which hosted FF and covered all field expenses. The non-profit organization Reef Check Italia Onlus sustained the cost for open source publication. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript