Impactos socioeconômicos do sistema de aposentadorias rurais no Brasil e na Amazônia

Based on field research done in Igarapé-Açu, State of Pará, Amazônia, the present study joins elements to the understanding of the impacts of the rural retirement system of Brazil, verifying the weight it has in the family budget and in the local and regional economies. It analyzes other functions, besides the one of provision of income in the old age, that the rural retirements are assuming in the family and in the local society. It tries also to understand the consequences of a great system of monetary transfers for the reorganization of the personal interests and for the creation of economical maximizing behaviors among the participants of the mentioned system.Baseado em resultados de pesquisa de campo feita no Município de Igarapé-Açu,no Estado do Pará, Amazônia, o presente estudo agrega elementos à compreensão dos impactos do sistema brasileiro de aposentadorias rurais, verificando o peso que possuem as transferências monetárias da previdência rural no orçamento das famílias e o impacto sobre as economias locais e regionais. Ademais, analisa outras funções, além da de provisão de renda na velhice, que as aposentadorias rurais estão assumindo no seio da família e da sociedade. Procura entender que conseqüências a presença de um sistema de transferências monetárias de grande magnitude possui para a reorganização dos interesses pessoais e para a criação de comportamentos econômicos maximizadores entre os participantes da previdência rural.

Progressos recentes no financiamento da Previdência Social na América Latina

Texto que compreende uma visão geral da história e das características dos sistemas de previdência social da América Latina, e estudos de caso de cinco países (Chile, Peru, Colômbia, Costa Rica e Brasil), relatando as suas respectivas experiências e situação atual das reformas previdenciáriasNúmero de páginas: 73 p.Seguridade Social. Previdência SocialEste estudo foi encomendado pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho, com sede em Genebra, e foi originalmente publicado em Berlim, em 1995.Monografia seriada: Cadernos ENAP 0

Quantitative Assessment of Protein Interaction with Methyl-Lysine Analogues by Hybrid Computational and Experimental Approaches

ABSTRACT: In cases where binding ligands of proteins are not easily available, structural analogues are often used. For example, in the analysis of proteins recognizing different methyl-lysine residues in histones, methyl-lysine analogues based on methyl-amino-alkylated cysteine residues have been introduced. Whether these are close enough to justify quantitative interpretation of binding experiments is however questionable. To systematically address this issue, we developed, applied, and assessed a hybrid computational/experimental approach that extracts the binding free energy difference between the native ligand (methyl-lysine) and the analogue (methyl-amino-alkylated cysteine) from a thermodynamic cycle. Our results indicate that measured and calculated binding differences are in very good agreement and therefore allow the correction of measured affinities of the analogues. We suggest that quantitative binding parameters for defined ligands in general can be derived by this method with remarkable accuracy. Fine-tuned regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cellsrelies on packaging of DNA into different chromatin contexts.1 The repetitive unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, is formed by wrapping short stretches of DNA around

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Previdência rural e combate à pobreza no Brasil – Resultados de um estudo de caso no Pará

A pesquisa investiga os impactos socioeconômicos das aposentadorias rurais no Brasil e, especificamente, na Amazônia Oriental. Efetuou-se uma pesquisa de campo em Igarapé-Açu (PA), a Nordeste de Belém

Impactos sócio-econômicos do sistema de aposentadorias rurais no Brasil – com evidências empíricas de um estado de caso em Igarapé-Açú (estado do Pará) (Paper 144)

O presente estudo nasceu de repetidas constatações ao longo dos trabalhos de campo efetuados nos anos 90 pelos colegas dos Projetos Shift ENV 44 – Pequena Produção na Amazônia, bem como Shift ENV 25 – Capoeira (Universidade de Göttingen e EMBRAPA/CPATU) no Nordeste Paraense, onde saltava aos olhos a influência, pouco documentada na literatura (exceto por Delgado 1994 e 1997), da percepção de um benefício da Previdência Rural por uma família de pequenos produtores sobre o seu comportamento produtivo-econômico, reprodutivo-familiar e sócio-político.Palavras-chave: Impactos sócio-econômicos. Sistema de aposentadorias rurais

Previdência rural e combate à pobreza no Brasil – Resultados de um estudo de caso no Pará

A pesquisa investiga os impactos socioeconômicos das aposentadorias rurais no Brasil e, especificamente, na Amazônia Oriental. Efetuou-se uma pesquisa de campo em Igarapé-Açu (PA), a Nordeste de Belém