Museologia, hiperculturalidade, hipertextualidade: reflexões sobre o Museu do Século 21

O texto aborda as transformações do cenário global nas últimas duas décadas, pontuando a emergência do fenômeno conhecido como hipercultura. Analisa os modos e formas como os museus se apresentam no cenário hipercultural, fazendo algumas inferências sobre como poderá se configurar o “museu do século 21”. Comenta o impacto da pandemia do COVID19 sobre os museus, especialmente os museus tradicionais; e apresenta alguns aspectos que poderão vir a ser transformadores, no cenário “pós-pandêmico”, para os museus e a Museologia.&nbsp

Museología — Poética, Política y Ética: Dimensiones transformadoras de las relaciones entre lo Humano y lo Real

El texto aborda el tema en distintos planos. Al inicio, rememora la naturaleza esencialmente poética del Museo, derivada de la figura mítica de Mousaios, hijo de Selene y maestro de Orfeo, asociado a la actividad creativa del canto, una de las muchas interpretaciones de las Musas en la Grecia arcaica; o de Mousaion, instancia de manifestación de las Musas (palabras cantadas), expresión del proceso creativo, fundamentado en la memoria y movilizador de las representaciones simbólicas que conforman la base del proceso cultural. Un Museo cuyo fundamento es el proceso creativo, expresión más noble de las relaciones entre lo humano y lo real, se traducirá, por cierto, en el desarrollo de una Museología como poiesis (en su sentido más pleno, de acto creador), capaz de movilizar todos los sentidos y emociones humanas, bajo las más diversas representaciones. Se puede tratar así de una “Museología del Espíritu”, que traduzca por medio de la praxis todas las dimensiones perceptuales de lo humano: una Museología como instancia permanente de percepción de lo real, de creación y de transformación. El segundo plano trata de la esencia política del Museo, fundamentalmente libre, dinámico y plural; aquí, la Museología se desvela como instancia que permite al humano actuar en lo real, para transformarlo positivamente, traduciendo, por medio de la praxis, las expresiones legítimas del deseo humano de libertad, justicia y derecho a la igualdad. Se trata pues de una “Museología de la Acción”, no mera praxis, sino acción transformadora, capaz de desvelar para individuos y sociedades su potencia. El tercer plano articula poética y política en la dimensión ética, creyendo que es en ese encuentro donde se realiza el verdadero Museo, capaz de desvelar la potencia creativa de la voluntad humana, reveladora de la más legítima forma de libertad: la sintonía entre cuerpo y espíritu, entre lo que cada individuo es, percibe, siente y realiza, en relación continuada con las múltiples dimensiones de lo real. Se llega aquí a una “Museología Política”, comprometida con la felicidad humana (en el sentido Aristotélico) y con el bienestar social.This paper approaches the theme on different planes. The first one reflects the essentially poetic nature of the Museum which is derived from the mythical figure of Mousaios (son of Selene and master of Orpheus, being associated with the creative activity of singing, one of the many interpretations of the Muses in Archaic Greece) or of Mousaion (sphere of manifestation of the Muses (emitted words), expression of the creative process founded in memory and responsible for the symbolic representations which form the basis of the cultural process). A Museum based on the creative process, the noblest expression of the relations between humans and reality, will be certainly translated into the development of a Museology as poiesis (in its fullest sense – creative act), able to move all the human senses and emotions in their most varied representations. This may thus be referred to as a “Museology of the Spirit”, which translates into the practice of all the perceptual dimensions of the self: Museology as a permanent sphere of the perception of reality, of creativity and of transformation. The second plane looks at the political essence of the Museum, thoroughly free, dynamic and plural. Here, Museology unfolds as a sphere that enables humans to act beyond reality to transform it in a positive way – by translating, through practice, the legitimate expressions of the human desire for freedom, justice and right to equality. It is a “Museology of Action”, not merely of practice but a transformative action, able to unveil their potency to individuals and societies. The third plane articulates poetics and politics within an ethical dimension, believing that it is precisely in this encounter that the real Museum exists and able to unveil the creative potency of human will – that which reveals the most legitimate form of freedom: the encounter of body and spirit, of what each individual is and what is perceived and accomplished in the continuous relation with the multiple dimensions of reality. Here a “Political Museology” may be identified as being committed to human happiness (in the Aristotelian sense) and to social wellbeing

HISTÓRIA DA FORMAÇÃO AVANÇADA EM MUSEOLOGIA E PATRIMÔNIO NO BRASIL: PIONEIRISMO PROMISSOR DA COOPERAÇÃO ENTRE A UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO E O MUSEU DE ASTRONOMIA E CIÊNCIAS AFINS

Entrevista realizada com a Coordenadora do Doutorado em Museologia e Patrimônio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Museologia e Patrimônio da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e do Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, Brasil, Professora Doutora Teresa Cristina Moletta Scheiner, em diálogo sobre as origens e práticas de ensino e investigação do primeiro programa de pós-graduação brasileiro dedicado às áreas da Museologia e do Patrimônio com o único doutorado em Museologia reconhecido no país, bem como na América do Sul. Através da entrevista são levantados os desafios e as perspectivas nacionais e internacionais deste pioneiro e promissor programa de pós-graduação no pensar e fazer entre as relações sobre Museologia, Patrimônio e Sociedade, no âmbito da área Comunicação e Informação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior do Ministério da Educação do Brasil

HISTÓRIA DA FORMAÇÃO AVANÇADA EM MUSEOLOGIA E PATRIMÔNIO NO BRASIL: pioneirismo promissor da cooperação entre a Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e o Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins

Entrevista realizada com a Coordenadora do Doutorado em Museologia e Patrimônio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Museologia e Patrimônio da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e do Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, Brasil, Professora Doutora Teresa Cristina Moletta Scheiner, em diálogo sobre as origens e práticas de ensino e investigação do primeiro programa de pós-graduação brasileiro dedicado às áreas da Museologia e do Patrimônio com o único doutorado em Museologia reconhecido no país, bem como na América do Sul. Através da entrevista são levantados os desafios e as perspectivas nacionais e internacionais deste pioneiro e promissor programa de pós-graduação no pensar e fazer entre as relações sobre Museologia, Patrimônio e Sociedade, no âmbito da área Comunicação e Informação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior do Ministério da Educação do Brasil

Bacterial translocation occurs early in cirrhosis and triggers a selective infammatory response

Background: Experimental data suggest that bacterial translocation (BT) promotes systemic inflammation, portal hypertension, and circulatory dysfunction in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). Methods: Patients with ACLD undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement and absence of acute decompensation or infections were included (n = 249). Serum biomarkers of BT (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], lipoteichoic acid [LTA], bacterial DNA [bactDNA]), systemic inflammation and markers of circulatory dysfunction were assessed. T-cell subsets in intestinal biopsies (n = 7 ACLD, n = 4 controls) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Patients had a median HVPG of 18 (12-21) mmHg and 56% had decompensated ACLD. LPS (0.04 [0.02-0.06] vs. 0.64 [0.30-1.06] EU/mL), LTA (4.53 [3.58-5.97] vs. 43.2 [23.2-109] pg/mL), and detection of bactDNA (≥ 5 pg/mL; 5% vs. 41%) were markedly higher in patients with ACLD than healthy controls (n = 40; p < 0.001) but were similar between different clinical stages of compensated and decompensated ACLD and displayed no meaningful correlation with HVPG and systemic hemodynamics. TNF-α and IL-10 correlated with LPS (Spearman's rs = 0.523, p < 0.001/rs = 0.143, p = 0.024) but not with LTA. Presence of bactDNA was associated with higher LPS (0.54 [0.28-0.95] vs. 0.88 [0.32-1.31] EU/mL, p = 0.001) and TNF-α (15.3 [6.31-28.1] vs. 20.9 [13.8-32.9] pg/mL). Patients with ACLD exhibited a decreased CD4:CD8-ratio and increased TH1-cells in the intestinal mucosa as compared to controls. During a median FU of 14.7 (8.20-26.5) months, bacterial antigens did not predict decompensation or liver-related death (in contrast to HVPG, IL-6, and MAP) as well as infections at 24 months. Conclusion: BT occurs already in early ACLD stages and triggers a systemic inflammatory response via TNF-α and IL-10. Interestingly, BT markers showed no clear correlation with portal hypertension and circulatory dysfunction in patients with stable ACLD

Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with advanced liver disease

BACKGROUND & AIMS: While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used in patients with liver disease, safety data especially in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) are limited. METHODS: Liver disease patients receiving DOAC treatment (ACLD: n = 104; vascular liver disease: n = 29) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA)/low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH; ACLD: n = 45; vascular: n = 13) between January 2010 and September 2020 were retrospectively included. Invasive procedures and bleeding events were recorded. Calibrated anti‐Xa peak levels and thrombomodulin‐modified thrombin generation assays (TM‐TGAs) were measured in a subgroup of 35/28 DOAC patients. RESULTS: Among patients receiving DOAC, 55 (41.3%) had advanced liver dysfunction (Child‐Pugh‐stage [CPS] B/C) and 66 (49.6%) had experienced decompensation. Overall, 205 procedures were performed in 60 patients and procedure‐related bleedings occurred in 7 (11.7%) patients. Additionally, 38 (28.6%) patients experienced spontaneous (15 minor, 23 major) bleedings during a median follow‐up of 10.5 (IQR: 4.0‐27.8) months. Spontaneous bleedings in ACLD patients were more common in CPS‐B/C (at 12 months: 36.9% vs CPS‐A: 15.9%, subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 3.23 [95% CI: 1.59‐6.58], P < .001), as were major bleedings (at 12 months: 22.0% vs 5.0%, SHR: 5.82 [95% CI: 2.00‐16.90], P < .001). Importantly, CPS (adjusted SHR: 4.12 [91% CI: 1.82‐9.37], P < .001), but not the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma or varices, was independently associated with major bleeding during DOAC treatment. Additionally, ACLD patients experiencing bleeding had worse overall survival (at 12 months: 88.9% vs 95.0% without bleeding; P < .001). Edoxaban anti‐Xa peak levels were higher in patients with CPS‐B/C (345 [95% CI: 169‐395] vs CPS‐A: 137 [95% CI: 96‐248] ng/mL, P = .048) and were associated with lower TM‐TGA. Importantly, spontaneous bleeding rates were comparable to VKA/LMWH patients. CONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulants including DOACs should be used with caution in patients with advanced liver disease due to a significant rate of spontaneous bleeding events

Valorização do patrimônio científico e tecnológico brasileiro: descobrindo conjuntos de objetos de C&T pelo Brasil

Most of Brazil's science and technology (S&amp;T) heritage has yet to be tracked down. The knowledge amassed on the topic is still limited, and there is a real risk that Brazilian science and technology objects may already have been modernized or discarded. A research project was developed in the last four years including several initiatives to preserve this kind of heritage, as such: a national survey to build up a picture of the current state of this heritage; studies concerning heritage protection legislation of some countries, including Brazil; and two case studies of collections of S&amp;T objects (Observatório do Valongo and Colégio Pedro II). This paper presents an overview of the results obtained in the several initiatives of preservation undertaken. The survey is divided into different areas of knowledge and different time frames. As such, we are interested in sets of objects from the exact sciences, the different engineering specialties, as well as geography, geology and oceanography, which were manufactured in or before the 1960s. A registration form was prepared which was adapted from a form used in surveys of collections of this kind in Portugal. Sets of objects have been identified at museums, universities and research institutes. From the results, it could be observed that: the best preserved collections are at the few museums devoted to the area, but the universities hold most of the artifacts and the overwhelming majority of the objects were made in the twentieth century.A maior parte dos bens que constituem o patrimônio cultural da Ciência e Tecnologia (C&amp;T) está para ser descoberta. O conhecimento acumulado sobre o tema ainda é limitado e há um risco real de que os objetos já tenham sido modernizados ou descartados. Nos últimos quatro anos, desenvolveu-se um projeto de pesquisa, envolvendo várias iniciativas para preservar este tipo de patrimônio: um levantamento nacional para construir um panorama do estado atual desse patrimônio; estudos sobre a legislação de proteção ao patrimônio de alguns países, inclusive o Brasil; e dois estudos de caso de coleções de objetos de C&amp;T (Observatório do Valongo e Colégio Pedro II, ambos no Rio de Janeiro). Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral dos resultados obtidos e, em especial, dos levantamentos de conjuntos de objetos de C&amp;T. Utilizou-se um recorte em relação a áreas do conhecimento e período histórico, compreendendo objetos pertencentes à s ciências exatas, à s diferentes especialidades de engenharia, bem como geografia, geologia e oceanografia, e fabricados até 1960. A partir da adaptação de um formulário usado em pesquisas similares em Portugal, elaborou-se uma ficha de registro, que permitiu identificar conjuntos de objetos em museus, universidades e institutos de pesquisa. Pôde-se, com isso, observar que as coleções mais bem preservadas estão nos poucos museus dedicados à área, enquanto as universidades detêm a maior parte dos artefatos, e que a esmagadora maioria dos objetos foi produzida no século XX

Elevated protein concentrations in newborn blood and the risks of autism spectrum disorder, and of social impairment, at age 10 years among infants born before the 28th week of gestation

Among the 1 of 10 children who are born preterm annually in the United States, 6% are born before the third trimester. Among children who survive birth before the 28th week of gestation, the risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-autistic social impairment are severalfold higher than in the general population. We examined the relationship between top quartile inflammation-related protein concentrations among children born extremely preterm and ASD or, separately, a high score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS total score ≥65) among those who did not meet ASD criteria, using information only from the subset of children whose DAS-II verbal or non-verbal IQ was ≥70, who were assessed for ASD, and who had proteins measured in blood collected on ≥2 days (N = 763). ASD (N = 36) assessed at age 10 years is associated with recurrent top quartile concentrations of inflammation-related proteins during the first post-natal month (e.g., SAA odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5; 1.2–5.3) and IL-6 (OR; 95% CI: 2.6; 1.03–6.4)). Top quartile concentrations of neurotrophic proteins appear to moderate the increased risk of ASD associated with repeated top quartile concentrations of inflammation-related proteins. High (top quartile) concentrations of SAA are associated with elevated risk of ASD (2.8; 1.2–6.7) when Ang-1 concentrations are below the top quartile, but not when Ang-1 concentrations are high (1.3; 0.3–5.8). Similarly, high concentrations of TNF-α are associated with heightened risk of SRS-defined social impairment (N = 130) (2.0; 1.1–3.8) when ANG-1 concentrations are not high, but not when ANG-1 concentrations are elevated (0.5; 0.1–4.2)

Museus, Museologia, Comunicação e Recepção

Apresentação do dossiê Museus, Muselogia, Comunicação e Recepçã

Uso da realidade aumentada em exposições museológicas: algumas considerações

The article discusses the implantation of augmented reality in museum exhibitions and discusses the best practices for its application. It starts from the labyrinthine conceptualization of the term virtual, as basis for working with the concept of augmented reality; and discusses how the materiality of the exhibition and its own language are related to virtual and digital technologies. Considering Lúcia Santaella's theory of the contemplative reader, it draws a parallel between reading the book and reading the exhibition. Based on these elements, the article approaches recent applications of AR in museums and comments on how this technology can be used to add value to the exhibition without, however, alienating the visitor from his/her surroundings.O artigo aborda a implantação da realidade aumentada em exposições museológicas e discute as melhores práticas para sua aplicação. Parte da conceituação labiríntica do termo virtual, base para trabalhar o conceito de realidade aumentada, e discute como a materialidade da exposição e sua linguagem própria relacionam-se com a virtualidade e as tecnologias digitais. Considerando a teoria do leitor contemplativo de Lúcia Santaella, tece um paralelo entre a leitura do livro e a leitura da exposição. A partir destes elementos discorre sobre aplicações recentes de RA em museus e comenta como essa tecnologia pode ser empregada para agregar valor à exposição sem, contudo, alienar o visitante do seu entorno