The Relation of Orthopedic Disability to Personality Adjustment

This is a case history study of the relation of orthopedic disability to personality adjustment. School adjustment has been concentrated upon as the area in which to study the personality adjustments. The cases will consist of six high school and college students with orthopedic disabilities of varying severity

Knowledge Governance for Open Innovation: Evidence from an EU R&D Collaboration

This chapter highlights a particularly challenging arena for knowledge governance, by focussing on the issues associated with large-scale R&D programmes of 'open innovation'. The chapter develops a theoretical framework for analysing these governance challenges by focussing on the interplay between the knowledge processes and inter-organizational relationships involved. This framework is subsequently applied to a casestudy of a major open innovation programme, namely, a major interfirm research programme sponsored by the European Union (EU) in the aerospace sector. Analysis of this case suggests that the stability and fit of governance mechanisms may be less important than their ability to adapt to the dynamics of the innovation process, and particularly to shifts between the open and closed networks which offer very different routes to appropriating value from that process

Knowledge Mobilization and Network Ambidexterity in a Mandated Healthcare Network: A CLAHRC Case Study

This chapter explores the role of mandated networks in supporting knowledge mobilization. It applies a social network lens to one such network—CLAHRC-NET. Such structures, which have been described in the social network literature as “brokerage,” and “closure,” are seen as supporting knowledge mobilization in two ways. Brokerage is seen as valuable in knowledge “exploration”; namely acquiring and creating new knowledge. Closure involves the development of tight-knit groups of individuals, and is seen as helping to exploit such knowledge by embedding it within practice. The study thus highlights the scope for mandated networks to support knowledge mobilization through formal structures and roles that promote ambidexterity in the development of social ties. This has important implications for policy and practice in relation to the design of such networks. The chapter also serves to underline the value of a social network perspective for addressing the informal social dynamics of formally mandated networks.

Communities of Practice and Situated Learning in Health Care

The development of an international perspective and body of knowledge is a key feature of the book. The Handbook secondly makes a case for bringing back a social science perspective into the study of the field of health care management

Coordinating Expertise Across Knowledge Boundaries in Offshore-Outsourcing Projects: The Role of Codification

The coordination of effort within and among different expert groups is a central feature of contemporary organizations. Within the existing literature, however, a dichotomy has emerged in our understanding of the role played by codification in coordinating expert groups. One strand of literature emphasizes codification as a process that supports coordination by enabling the storage and ready transfer of knowledge. In contrast, another strand highlights the persistent differences between expert groups that create boundaries to the transfer of knowledge, seeing coordination as dependent on the quality of the reciprocal interactions between groups and individuals. Our research helps to resolve such contested understandings of the coordinative role played by codification. By focusing on the offshore-outsourcing of knowledge-intensive services, we examine the role played by codification when expertise was coordinated between client staff and onsite and offshore vendor personnel in a large-scale outsourcing contract between TATA Consultancy Services (TCS) and ABN AMRO bank. A number of theoretical contributions flow from our analysis of the case study, helping to move our understanding beyond the dichotomized views of codification outlined above. First, our study adds to previous work where codification has been seen as a static concept by demonstrating the multiple, coexisting, and complementary roles that codification may play. We examine the dynamic nature of codification and show changes in the relative importance of these different roles in coordinating distributed expertise over time. Second, we reconceptualize the commonly accepted view of codification as focusing on the replication and diffusion of knowledge by developing the notion of the codification of the "knower" as complementary to the codification of knowledge. Unlike previous studies of expertise directories, codification of the knower does not involve representing expertise in terms of occupational skills or competences but enables the reciprocal interrelating of expertise required by more unstructured tasks

Silver Praised, Assailed

Letters to the editor of the Memphis, Tenn. Commercial Appeal regarding James Silver\u27s pro-integration views; one letter is supportive, the rest are critical; Source: Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tenn.)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/jws_clip/1012/thumbnail.jp

Epistemic influences on knowledge translation in healthcare: The mediating role of social networks

Previous work has highlighted the direct effect of epistemic differences between groups on knowledge translation work. In this paper, we ask whether such differences in the 'ways of knowing' amongst expert groups may also have an indirect effect on knowledge translation efforts by shaping the social network ties which are formed between groups. Our empirical study of a major knowledge translation initiative in the English NHS (National Health Service) is based on a social network analysis of the ties between groups. It shows that epistemic differences are reflected in homophilous patterns of social ties - i.e. members of expert groups tending to share knowledge with each other. Academic groups, and especially social scientists, exhibit more inward-looking patterns of networking. Individuals with multi- disciplinary expertise were found to be more likely to act as the boundary-spanners between groups. Over time, members of the health sciences discipline helped to provide a bridge between social scientists and healthcare practitioner groups (clinicians and managers). Our study makes several contributions to theoretical and practical understandings of knowledge translation in healthcare by not only showing how epistemic differences may indirectly impact such work via their structuring of social networks, but also providing evidence on the multi-disciplinary expertise in determining the boundary-spanning position of individual

The AI of the beholder: intra-professional sensemaking of an epistemic technology

New technologies are equivocal, triggering sensemaking responses from the individuals who encounter them. As an ‘epistemic technology’ AI poses new challenges to the expertise and jurisdictions of professionals. Such challenges may be interpreted quite differently, however, depending on the specialized role identities which develop within the wider professional domain. We explore the sensemaking responses of these intra-professional groupings to the challenges posed by AI through an empirical study of professionals playing different roles (front-line, hybrid and field-level) in the field of radiology within NHS England. We found that these intra-professional groupings sought to make sense of AI through a triadic view focused on the interplay of professional, client and technology. This sensemaking, arising from different jurisdictional contexts, led individual professionals to perceive that their agency was diminished, complemented or enhanced as a result of the introduction of AI. Our findings contribute to the literature on professions and AI by showing how intra-professional differences affect sensemaking responses to AI as a jurisdictional contestant