Does an extensive diagnostic workup for upfront resectable pancreatic cancer result in a delay which affects survival? Results from an international multicentre study

Backgrounds/Aims: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is recommended in fit patients with a carcinoma (PDAC) of the pancreatic head, and a delayed resection may affect survival. This study aimed to correlate the time from staging to PD with long-term survival, and study the impact of preoperative investigations (if any) on the timing of surgery. // Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple’s (RAW) study, a multicentre retrospective study of PD outcomes. Only PDAC patients who underwent an upfront resection were included. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemo-/radiotherapy were excluded. Group A (PD within 28 days of most recent preoperative computed tomography [CT]) was compared to group B (> 28 days). // Results: A total of 595 patents were included. Compared to group A (median CT-PD time: 12.5 days, interquartile range: 6–21), group B (49 days, 39–64.5) had similar one-year survival (73% vs. 75%, p = 0.6), five-year survival (23% vs. 21%, p = 0.6) and median time-todeath (17 vs. 18 months, p = 0.8). Staging laparoscopy (43 vs. 29.5 days, p = 0.009) and preoperative biliary stenting (39 vs. 20 days, p 0.99) and endoscopic ultrasonography (28 vs. 32 days, p > 0.99) were not. // Conclusions: Although a treatment delay may give rise to patient anxiety, our findings would suggest this does not correlate with worse survival. A delay may be necessary to obtain further information and minimize the number of PD patients diagnosed with early disease recurrence

The Integrative Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal on Negative Affect: Associated Changes in Secretory Immunoglobulin A, Unpleasantness and ERP Activity

Although the regulatory role of cognitive reappraisal in negative emotional responses is widely recognized, this reappraisal's effect on acute saliva secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), as well as the relationships among affective, immunological, and event-related potential (ERP) changes, remains unclear. In this study, we selected only people with low positive coping scores (PCSs) as measured by the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire to avoid confounding by intrinsic coping styles. First, we found that the acute stress of viewing unpleasant pictures consistently decreased SIgA concentration and secretion rate, increased perceptions of unpleasantness and amplitude of late positive potentials (LPPs) between 200–300 ms and 400–1000 ms. After participants used cognitive reappraisal, their SIgA concentration and secretion rate significantly increased and their unpleasantness and LPP amplitudes significantly decreased compared with a control condition. Second, we found a significantly positive correlation between the increases in SIgA and the decreases in unpleasantness and a significantly negative correlation between the increases in SIgA and the increases in LPP across the two groups. This study is the first to demonstrate that cognitive reappraisal reverses the decrease of SIgA. In addition, it revealed strong correlations among affective, SIgA and electrophysiological changes with convergent multilevel evidence

Development of aggression subtypes from childhood to adolescence:a group-based multi-trajectory modelling perspective

The persistence of elevated subtypes of aggression beginning in childhood have been associated with long-term maladaptive outcomes. Yet it remains unclear to what extent there are clusters of individuals following similar developmental trajectories across forms (i.e., physical and indirect) and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggression. We aimed to identify groups of children with distinct profiles of the joint development of forms and functions of aggression and to identify risk factors for group membership. A sample of 787 children was followed from birth to adolescence. Parent and teacher reports, and standardised assessments were used to measure two forms and two functions of aggressive behaviour, between six and 13 years of age along with preceding child, maternal, and family-level risk-factors. Analyses were conducted using a group-based multi-trajectory modelling approach. Five trajectory groups emerged: non-aggressors, low-stable, moderate-engagers, high-desisting, and high-chronic. Coercive parenting increased membership risk in the moderate-engagers and high-chronic groups. Lower maternal IQ increased membership risk in both high-desisting and high-chronic groups, whereas maternal depression increased membership risk in the high-desisting group only. Never being breastfed increased membership risk in the moderate-engagers group. Boys were at greater risk for belonging to groups displaying elevated aggression. Individuals with chronic aggression problems use all subtypes of aggression. Risk factors suggest that prevention programs should start early in life and target mothers with lower IQ. Strategies to deal with maternal depression and enhance positive parenting while replacing coercive parenting tactics should be highlighted in programming efforts

Inherited determinants of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes: a genetic association study

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease; treatment strategies have historically been determined by this binary categorisation. Genetic studies have identified 163 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease, mostly shared between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We undertook the largest genotype association study, to date, in widely used clinical subphenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease with the goal of further understanding the biological relations between diseases

SOLVATION OF THE LI+-CL--LI+ TRIPLE ION IN THE GAS PHASE

Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) spectrometry was employed to study solvations of the Li+-Cl--Li+ triple ion with oxygen-donor Lewis bases in the gas phase. The LiClLi+ triple ions were produced in an ICR cell by laser desorption ionization of a lithium chloride/dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether matrix pasted on a Teflon substrate. O-donor Lewis bases include 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone and diethyl ether. All O-donors associate directly with LiClLi+ with the maximum solvation numbers of 3 for 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxane and diethyl ether, and 4 for THF and acetone at room temperature. The rate constants for the stepwise solvations were measured, and the solvent binding energies were determined from van't Hoff plots. The structures and energetics of LiClLi+ and the 1:1 complexes of Li+ and LiClLi+ with the dioxanes, THF, and acetone were calculated at the Hartree-Fock (HF) level with a 6-311G(d,p) basis set, and those of more highly coordinated LiClLi+ complexes were calculated with a 6-31G(d) basis set. Solvation enthalpies and free energies were calculated, and solvent binding energies were compared with experiments. The mechanisms of stepwise solvations of the LiClLi+ triple ion with dioxanes, THF, and acetone are discussed in light of experimental kinetics and binding energies and theoretical structures and solvation energies. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.open115sciescopu

Solvation of Li+ by acetone, THF, and diethyl ether in the gas phase and the ion-molecule association mechanism

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry has been employed to study the solvation of the Li+ ion with acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and diethyl ether (DEE) in the gas phase. LiILi+ triple ions are produced in the ICR cell by the laser desorption ionization of a lithium iodine/dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether matrix pasted on a Teflon substrate. All O donors abstract Li+ from the triple ion and form solvated complexes with a maximum solvation number of three at room temperature, around 10(-6) Torr. All third solvent binding energies are determined from van't Hoff plots. Structures and energetics of the Li+.(S)(n) complexes, where n = 1-4 for acetone and THF and n = 1-3 for DEE. have been calculated at the Hartree-Fock level with a 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. Solvation enthalpies and free energies are calculated, and solvent binding enthalpies are compared with experiments. The kinetics of solvent exchange and the association reactions of Li+.(acetone-h(6))(acetone-d(6)) with a 1:1 acetone-h(6)/acetone-d(6) mixture have been measured as a function of pressure. The lifetime of the collision complexes are derived and compared with phase space theory calculations. The isotope effect on the radiative cooling rate is discussed.X1130sciescopu

The Investigation of Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Brief Self-Control Scale

The investigation of validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief Self-Control Scal