720 research outputs found
Biochemical mechanisms of the effect of environmental factors (diet, fluorine, alcohol and tobacco) on oral health
Nowadays, oral diseases are prevalent chronic diseases present in worldwide population. Dental caries results
from a complex interaction between acid-producing bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates and host factors,
including teeth and saliva. Risk factors for caries development include physical, biological, environmental,
behavioral factors such as high numbers of cariogenic bacteria, inadequate salivary flow, poor oral hygiene and
poor eating habits. Moreover, due to its efficacy in caries prevention, fluorine has been added to toothpaste,
supplements and water. However, despite of its beneficial effect, excessive intake can lead to acute or chronic
toxic effects, that depend on ingestion period and ingested amount, age, cardiovascular or renal problems and
genetic changes. The most common adverse effects of excessive fluorine intake are dental and skeletal fluorosis.
Another oral health problem is oral cancer, one of the most common cancers in the world and a highly relevant
problem of global public health, mainly affecting lips and oral cavity. It is a preventable disease, where tobacco
and alcohol, considered major risk factors, are present with a synergic effect in 90% of cases. Alcohol can act as a
risk factor both locally and systemically, being causally associated with oropharyngeal and larynx cancer,
esophageal cancer, among others.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bounds on the mass of the b' quark, revisited
Recent results from the DELPHI collaboration led us to review the present
bounds on the b' quark mass. We use all available experimental data for m_b' >
96 GeV to constrain the b' quark mass as a function of the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa elements in a sequential four generations model. We
find that there is still room for a b' with a mass larger than 96 GeV.Comment: 9 pages and 7 figures. REVTEX
Estimation of cancer and hereditary effect risks in a patient and in a physician after cardiac catheterization procedure
Cateterismo cardÃaco é uma prática muito comum que utiliza radiação X para gerar as imagens necessárias das estruturas do paciente para diagnóstico de algumas doenças do coração. Durante o procedimento, pacientes e médicos são expostos a radiação X por longos perÃodos de tempo, que podem ser suficientes para causar lesões de pele e, até mesmo, aumentar o risco de aparecimento de efeitos
tardios da radiação, como o desenvolvimento de câncer ou o aparecimento de efeitos hereditários. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar, para um exame de cateterismo cardÃaco, utilizando método Monte
Carlo, os coeficientes de conversão de doses equivalente e efetiva e as probabilidades de desenvolvimento de câncer e do aparecimento de efeitos hereditários tanto na paciente e quanto na médica. Considerando apenas a realização de um procedimento, os riscos d
e desenvolvimento de câncer e de aparecimento de efeitos hereditários, como esperado, foram maiores para a paciente. Além disso, os resultados comprovaram que o aumento da diferença de potencial
no tubo, já que gera um aumento da dose em
órgãos e tecidos, aumenta os riscos associados ao procedimento, tanto de desenvolvimento de câncer quanto de aparecimento de efeito hereditário. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Cardiac catheterization is a common practice that uses X-rays to create images of structures necessary for the patient's diagnosis of certain diseases of the heart. During the procedure, patients and physicians are exposed to X-rays for long periods of time, which may be sufficient to cause skin lesions and even
increase the risk of developing late effects of radiation, such as the development of cancer or onset of hereditary effects. The aim of this study was to estimate, for an examination of cardiac catheterization,
using Monte Carlo method, the conversion coefficients of effective and equivalent doses and the probability of developing cancer or hereditary effects in both patient and physician. Considering only the
performance of a procedure, the risks of developing cancer and hereditary effects appear, as expected, were higher for the patient. In addition, the results showed that increasing the potential difference
across the tube, since it generates an increase in dose to organs and tissues, increases the risks associated with
the procedure
Body condition score, weight variation and reproductive performance of beef cows in rangelands from the Pantanal region
Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do escore de condição corporal (ECC) sobre a eficiência reprodutiva de vacas de cria nos perÃodos pré e pós-parto e a probabilidade de parição, usando o escore de condição corporal e a variação ponderal no perÃodo crÃtico do ciclo reprodutivo. Utilizaram-se 248 vacas multÃparas mantidas em pastagens nativas distribuÃdas em quatro estratégias de suplementação: mistura mineral (controle); suplemento farelado; suplemento lÃquido; suplemento lÃquido para vacas e bezerros. As avaliações de peso e ECC, na escala de 1 a 9, foram realizadas no perÃodo crÃtico: em agosto (perÃodo pré-parto, 60-90 dias antes da parição) e em janeiro (perÃodo pós-parto e reprodutivo) durante quatro anos consecutivos. Para a análise dos anos consecutivos de reprodução, criou-se um escore de reprodução, ou seja, somou-se o número de parições de cada vaca durante os quatro anos pecuários avaliados. O escore de condição corporal nos perÃodos pré e pós-parto e a idade da vaca influenciaram o escore de reprodução. Portanto, para avaliação da probabilidade de parição, foram utilizadas todas as vacas, classificadas em paridas e vazias. Utilizando equações de estimação generalizadas (EEG), foi modelada a probabilidade de as matrizes serem classificadas como paridas considerando variáveis exploratórias ao longo do tempo. Para se obter probabilidade de parição superior a 80%, as vacas devem possuir escore de aproximadamente 5,5 no perÃodo pré-parto. Aproximadamente 60% das vacas paridas mantiveram ou ganharam peso no perÃodo crÃtico do ano, o que levou a maior probabilidade de reconcepção, similar ao observado para as vacas vazias, porém com probabilidade menor de parição. O perÃodo pré-parto é o melhor para estimar a probabilidade de parição das vacas por meio da avaliação do escore corporal. A seleção de vacas adaptadas à s condições bioclimáticas do Pantanal aumenta a probabilidade de produção de um bezerro por vaca por ano. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body condition score (BCS) on reproductive performance of beef cows before and after calving and to evaluate the calving probability using body condition score and weight variation during critical periods of the cow reproductive cycle. From 2001 to 2005, the body condition score was recorded in 248 multiparous cows raised in native pastures, submitted to different supplementation treatments (mineral mixture only - control; dry supplement; liquid supplement and liquid supplement for cow and calves). Weighing and body condition evaluation were made on a 1-9 point scale in August (prepartum period, 60-90 days before parturition) and January (postpartum and reproductive period). A reproduction score was created in function of the body scores in four consecutive years. Except for the treatment, the other factors (body condition score in the prepartum and postpartum periods and cow age) influenced the reproduction score. Thus, the calving probabilities were estimated for all cows. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to evaluate the calving probability in function of the exploratory variables over time. Calving probability higher than 80% was obtained when cows scored 5,5 before calving. In relation to weight, the results showed that about 60% of calving cows maintained or gained weight in the postpartum period, leading to increase in the rebreeding probability. Similar situation occurred with single cows; however, the calving probability was lower. These results indicate that the calving probability using BCS is better estimated before calving. Furthermore, it indicates the presence of cows more adapted to the Pantanal climatic and feeding conditions than others
Digital Quantum Simulation with Rydberg Atoms
We discuss in detail the implementation of an open-system quantum simulator
with Rydberg states of neutral atoms held in an optical lattice. Our scheme
allows one to realize both coherent as well as dissipative dynamics of complex
spin models involving many-body interactions and constraints. The central
building block of the simulation scheme is constituted by a mesoscopic Rydberg
gate that permits the entanglement of several atoms in an efficient, robust and
quick protocol. In addition, optical pumping on ancillary atoms provides the
dissipative ingredient for engineering the coupling between the system and a
tailored environment. As an illustration, we discuss how the simulator enables
the simulation of coherent evolution of quantum spin models such as the
two-dimensional Heisenberg model and Kitaev's toric code, which involves
four-body spin interactions. We moreover show that in principle also the
simulation of lattice fermions can be achieved. As an example for controlled
dissipative dynamics, we discuss ground state cooling of frustration-free spin
Hamiltonians.Comment: submitted to special issue "Quantum Information with Neutral
Particles" of "Quantum Information Processing
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