35 research outputs found
Trigger and readout electronics for the STEREO experiment
The STEREO experiment will search for a sterile neutrino by measuring the
anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance from the source,
the ILL nuclear reactor. A dedicated electronic system, hosted in a single
microTCA crate, was designed for this experiment. It performs triggering in two
stages with various selectable conditions, processing and readout via UDP/IPBUS
of 68 photomultiplier signals continuously digitized at 250 MSPS. Additionally,
for detector performance monitoring, the electronics allow on-line calibration
by driving LED synchronously with the data acquisition. This paper describes
the electronics requirements, architecture and the performances achieved.Comment: Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics (TWEPP) 2015,
Lisboa. 9 pages, 9 figure
Resilient cooling strategies â A critical review and qualitative assessment
The global effects of climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves and power outages, which have consequences for buildings and their cooling systems. Buildings and their cooling systems should be designed and operated to be resilient under such events to protect occupants from potentially dangerous indoor thermal conditions. This study performed a critical review on the state-of-the-art of cooling strategies, with special attention to their performance under heatwaves and power outages. We proposed a definition of resilient cooling and described four criteria for resilienceâabsorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, restorative capacity, and recovery speed âand used them to qualitatively evaluate the resilience of each strategy. The literature review and qualitative analyses show that to attain resilient cooling, the four resilience criteria should be considered in the design phase of a building or during the planning of retrofits. The building and relevant cooling system characteristics should be considered simultaneously to withstand extreme events. A combination of strategies with different resilience capacities, such as a passive envelope strategy coupled with a low-energy space-cooling solution, may be needed to obtain resilient cooling. Finally, a further direction for a quantitative assessment approach has been pointed out
«La relation de limitation et dâexception dans le français dâaujourdâhui : exceptĂ©, sauf et hormis comme pivots dâune relation algĂ©brique »
Lâanalyse des emplois prĂ©positionnels et des emplois conjonctifs dâ âexceptĂ©â, de âsaufâ et dâ âhormisâ permet dâenvisager les trois prĂ©positions/conjonctions comme le pivot dâun binĂŽme, comme la plaque tournante dâune structure bipolaire. PlacĂ©es au milieu du binĂŽme, ces prĂ©positions sont forcĂ©es par leur sĂ©mantisme originaire dĂ»ment mĂ©taphorisĂ© de jouer le rĂŽle de marqueurs dâinconsĂ©quence systĂ©matique entre lâĂ©lĂ©ment se trouvant Ă leur gauche et celui qui se trouve Ă leur droite. Lâopposition qui surgit entre les deux Ă©lĂ©ments nâest donc pas une incompatibilitĂ© naturelle, intrinsĂšque, mais extrinsĂšque, induite. Dans la plupart des cas (emplois limitatifs), cette opposition prend la forme dâun rapport entre une « classe » et le « membre (soustrait) de la classe », ou bien entre un « tout » et une « partie » ; dans dâautres (emplois exceptifs), cette opposition se manifeste au contraire comme une attaque de front portĂ©e par un « tout » Ă un autre « tout ». De plus, lâinconsĂ©quence induite mise en place par la prĂ©position/conjonction paraĂźt, en principe, tout Ă fait insurmontable. Dans lâassertion « les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf en Australie » (que lâon peut expliciter par « Les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf [quâils ne vivent pas] en Australie »), la prĂ©position semble en effet capable dâimpliquer le prĂ©dicat principal avec signe inverti, et de bĂątir sur une telle implication une sorte de sous Ă©noncĂ© qui, Ă la rigueur, est totalement inconsĂ©quent avec celui qui le prĂ©cĂšde (si « les Ă©cureuils ne vivent pas en Australie », le fait quâils « vivent partout » est faux). NĂ©anmoins, lâanalyse montre quâalors que certaines de ces oppositions peuvent enfin ĂȘtre dĂ©passĂ©es, dâautres ne le peuvent pas. Câest, respectivement, le cas des relations limitatives et des relations exceptives. La relation limitative, impliquant le rapport « tout » - « partie », permet de rĂ©soudre le conflit dans les termes dâune somme algĂ©brique entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus de diffĂ©rent poids informatif et de signe contraire. Les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ©es, le rĂ©sultat est toujours autre que zĂ©ro. La relation exceptive, au contraire, qui nâimplique pas le rapport « tout » - « partie », nâest pas capable de rĂ©soudre le conflit entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus du mĂȘme poids informatif et en mĂȘme temps de signe contraire : les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant symĂ©triques et Ă©gales, le rĂ©sultat sera toujours Ă©quivalent Ă zĂ©ro
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CENS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CENS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CENS using an Ar target. The detection of CENS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CENS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CENS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENS) is a process inwhich neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Thoughthe total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CENS has longproven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection ofCENS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up thedetection of CENS using an Ar target. The detection of CENS hasspawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring newconstraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimentalmethods. The CENS process has important implications for not onlyhigh-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. Thiswhitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CENS, highlighting howpresent experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how futureexperiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementionedfields of physics.<br
Energy for cities: Supply, demand and infrastructure investment
© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. Energy is essential to all activities in all regions of a country. However the density of energy use in, and our economic dependence on, cities means that it is more critical for urban areas. Nevertheless we suggest that the provision of energy for urban areas cannot be considered separately from the national context. We will demonstrate how to assess the ability of a nation to invest in energy infrastructure for the benefit of cities. Our approach exploits data sets which are available in most industrialised countries, and we select two quite different case studies to illustrate our method: the Colombia (Bogota) and UK (London). Our focus for energy sustainability in cities is quality of life and reduced fossil-fuel emissions. We will show that the main target for cities should be to improve air quality and reduce energy demand by improving energy efficiency
Reprises et modifications des explications dun conte moral par des enfants de cinq ans
En considérant le récit dun point de vue dialogique (Labov, François) et comme un des moyens trÚs répandu dacculturation de lenfant (Bruner), nous observons ce que deviennent les explications dun conte dans les restitutions de 3 enfants de GS de maternelle. Ces restitutions ont été faites à ladulte qui avait lu le texte à lenfant. Elles ont été produites deux fois : une fois sans le livre et une fois avec le livre (afin de limiter les conduites déictiques de la part des enfants).
Lalbum Arc-En-Ciel, le plus beau poisson des océans, de M. Pfister, se présente comme un récit trÚs littéraire au sein duquel les explications, qui appartiennent à des plans différents du récit, contribuent à construire les dimensions morales et philosophiques du conte.
Nous lavons découpé de façon « classique » (cf. Labov, 1978, Fayol 1984, 1996, Preneron & Salazar, 1987) en séquences (indication, épisode 1, évaluation, épisode 2, épisode 3, résultat), puis en propositions (cf. annexe 1 pour une présentation du Texte De Base (désormais TDB) et annexe 2 pour une définition de la proposition telle quelle a été utilisée ici).
Dans un premier temps, nous définissons lexplication lorsquelle est incluse comme ici dans un récit c'est-à -dire lorsquelle sinscrit comme genre second par rapport au genre narratif tout en traitant des aspects dialogiques de lexplication.
Dans un deuxiÚme temps, nous définissons le continuum qui existe entre la justification et lexplication à partir de la notion de mouvement. (F. François).
Ensuite, nous identifions les différents mouvements explicatifs du texte de base.
Enfin, à partir dexemples, nous analysons les différents mouvements explicatifs restitués par les enfants. Nous nous attacherons particuliÚrement à les identifier et à analyser les modifications réalisées par les enfants
Convective and radiant drying of a polymer aqueous solution
International audienc
Flood hazards and masonry constructions: a probabilistic framework for damage, risk and resilience at urban scale
International audienceThis paper deals with the failure risk of masonry constructions under the effect of floods. It is developed within a probabilistic framework, with loads and resistances considered as random variables. Two complementary approaches have been investigated for this purpose: - a global approach based on combined effects of several governing parameters with individual weighted contribution (material quality and geometry, presence and distance between columns, beams, openings, resistance of the soil and its slope...), - and a reliability method using the failure mechanism of masonry walls standing out-plane pressure. The evolution of the probability of failure of masonry constructions according to the flood water level is analysed. The analysis of different failure probability scenarios for masonry walls is conducted to calibrate the influence of each "vulnerability governing parameter" in the global approach that is widely used in risk assessment at the urban or regional scale. The global methodology is implemented in a GIS that provides the spatial distribution of damage risk for different flood scenarios. A real case is considered for the simulations, i.e. Cheffes sur Sarthe (France), for which the observed river discharge, the hydraulic load according to the Digital Terrain Model, and the structural resistance are considered as random variables. The damage probability values provided by both approaches are compared. Discussions are also developed about reduction and mitigation of the flood disaster at various scales (set of structures, city, region) as well as resilience