35 research outputs found

    Trigger and readout electronics for the STEREO experiment

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    The STEREO experiment will search for a sterile neutrino by measuring the anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance from the source, the ILL nuclear reactor. A dedicated electronic system, hosted in a single microTCA crate, was designed for this experiment. It performs triggering in two stages with various selectable conditions, processing and readout via UDP/IPBUS of 68 photomultiplier signals continuously digitized at 250 MSPS. Additionally, for detector performance monitoring, the electronics allow on-line calibration by driving LED synchronously with the data acquisition. This paper describes the electronics requirements, architecture and the performances achieved.Comment: Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics (TWEPP) 2015, Lisboa. 9 pages, 9 figure

    Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment

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    The global effects of climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves and power outages, which have consequences for buildings and their cooling systems. Buildings and their cooling systems should be designed and operated to be resilient under such events to protect occupants from potentially dangerous indoor thermal conditions. This study performed a critical review on the state-of-the-art of cooling strategies, with special attention to their performance under heatwaves and power outages. We proposed a definition of resilient cooling and described four criteria for resilience—absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, restorative capacity, and recovery speed —and used them to qualitatively evaluate the resilience of each strategy. The literature review and qualitative analyses show that to attain resilient cooling, the four resilience criteria should be considered in the design phase of a building or during the planning of retrofits. The building and relevant cooling system characteristics should be considered simultaneously to withstand extreme events. A combination of strategies with different resilience capacities, such as a passive envelope strategy coupled with a low-energy space-cooling solution, may be needed to obtain resilient cooling. Finally, a further direction for a quantitative assessment approach has been pointed out

    «La relation de limitation et d’exception dans le français d’aujourd’hui : exceptĂ©, sauf et hormis comme pivots d’une relation algĂ©brique »

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    L’analyse des emplois prĂ©positionnels et des emplois conjonctifs d’ “exceptĂ©â€, de “sauf” et d’ “hormis” permet d’envisager les trois prĂ©positions/conjonctions comme le pivot d’un binĂŽme, comme la plaque tournante d’une structure bipolaire. PlacĂ©es au milieu du binĂŽme, ces prĂ©positions sont forcĂ©es par leur sĂ©mantisme originaire dĂ»ment mĂ©taphorisĂ© de jouer le rĂŽle de marqueurs d’inconsĂ©quence systĂ©matique entre l’élĂ©ment se trouvant Ă  leur gauche et celui qui se trouve Ă  leur droite. L’opposition qui surgit entre les deux Ă©lĂ©ments n’est donc pas une incompatibilitĂ© naturelle, intrinsĂšque, mais extrinsĂšque, induite. Dans la plupart des cas (emplois limitatifs), cette opposition prend la forme d’un rapport entre une « classe » et le « membre (soustrait) de la classe », ou bien entre un « tout » et une « partie » ; dans d’autres (emplois exceptifs), cette opposition se manifeste au contraire comme une attaque de front portĂ©e par un « tout » Ă  un autre « tout ». De plus, l’inconsĂ©quence induite mise en place par la prĂ©position/conjonction paraĂźt, en principe, tout Ă  fait insurmontable. Dans l’assertion « les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf en Australie » (que l’on peut expliciter par « Les Ă©cureuils vivent partout, sauf [qu’ils ne vivent pas] en Australie »), la prĂ©position semble en effet capable d’impliquer le prĂ©dicat principal avec signe inverti, et de bĂątir sur une telle implication une sorte de sous Ă©noncĂ© qui, Ă  la rigueur, est totalement inconsĂ©quent avec celui qui le prĂ©cĂšde (si « les Ă©cureuils ne vivent pas en Australie », le fait qu’ils « vivent partout » est faux). NĂ©anmoins, l’analyse montre qu’alors que certaines de ces oppositions peuvent enfin ĂȘtre dĂ©passĂ©es, d’autres ne le peuvent pas. C’est, respectivement, le cas des relations limitatives et des relations exceptives. La relation limitative, impliquant le rapport « tout » - « partie », permet de rĂ©soudre le conflit dans les termes d’une somme algĂ©brique entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus de diffĂ©rent poids informatif et de signe contraire. Les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant dĂ©sĂ©quilibrĂ©es, le rĂ©sultat est toujours autre que zĂ©ro. La relation exceptive, au contraire, qui n’implique pas le rapport « tout » - « partie », n’est pas capable de rĂ©soudre le conflit entre deux sous Ă©noncĂ©s pourvus du mĂȘme poids informatif et en mĂȘme temps de signe contraire : les valeurs numĂ©riques des termes de la somme Ă©tant symĂ©triques et Ă©gales, le rĂ©sultat sera toujours Ă©quivalent Ă  zĂ©ro

    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

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    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEÎœ\nuNS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CEÎœ\nuNS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is ∌\sim keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CEÎœ\nuNS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CEÎœ\nuNS using an Ar target. The detection of CEÎœ\nuNS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CEÎœ\nuNS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CEÎœ\nuNS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics

    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

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    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEÎœ\nuNS) is a process inwhich neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Thoughthe total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CEÎœ\nuNS has longproven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is∌\sim keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection ofCEÎœ\nuNS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up thedetection of CEÎœ\nuNS using an Ar target. The detection of CEÎœ\nuNS hasspawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring newconstraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimentalmethods. The CEÎœ\nuNS process has important implications for not onlyhigh-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. Thiswhitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CEÎœ\nuNS, highlighting howpresent experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how futureexperiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementionedfields of physics.<br

    Energy for cities: Supply, demand and infrastructure investment

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    © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. Energy is essential to all activities in all regions of a country. However the density of energy use in, and our economic dependence on, cities means that it is more critical for urban areas. Nevertheless we suggest that the provision of energy for urban areas cannot be considered separately from the national context. We will demonstrate how to assess the ability of a nation to invest in energy infrastructure for the benefit of cities. Our approach exploits data sets which are available in most industrialised countries, and we select two quite different case studies to illustrate our method: the Colombia (Bogota) and UK (London). Our focus for energy sustainability in cities is quality of life and reduced fossil-fuel emissions. We will show that the main target for cities should be to improve air quality and reduce energy demand by improving energy efficiency

    Reprises et modifications des explications dun conte moral par des enfants de cinq ans

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    En considérant le récit dun point de vue dialogique (Labov, François) et comme un des moyens trÚs répandu dacculturation de lenfant (Bruner), nous observons ce que deviennent les explications dun conte dans les restitutions de 3 enfants de GS de maternelle. Ces restitutions ont été faites à ladulte qui avait lu le texte à lenfant. Elles ont été produites deux fois : une fois sans le livre et une fois avec le livre (afin de limiter les conduites déictiques de la part des enfants). Lalbum Arc-En-Ciel, le plus beau poisson des océans, de M. Pfister, se présente comme un récit trÚs littéraire au sein duquel les explications, qui appartiennent à des plans différents du récit, contribuent à construire les dimensions morales et philosophiques du conte. Nous lavons découpé de façon « classique » (cf. Labov, 1978, Fayol 1984, 1996, Preneron & Salazar, 1987) en séquences (indication, épisode 1, évaluation, épisode 2, épisode 3, résultat), puis en propositions (cf. annexe 1 pour une présentation du Texte De Base (désormais TDB) et annexe 2 pour une définition de la proposition telle quelle a été utilisée ici). Dans un premier temps, nous définissons lexplication lorsquelle est incluse comme ici dans un récit c'est-à-dire lorsquelle sinscrit comme genre second par rapport au genre narratif tout en traitant des aspects dialogiques de lexplication. Dans un deuxiÚme temps, nous définissons le continuum qui existe entre la justification et lexplication à partir de la notion de mouvement. (F. François). Ensuite, nous identifions les différents mouvements explicatifs du texte de base. Enfin, à partir dexemples, nous analysons les différents mouvements explicatifs restitués par les enfants. Nous nous attacherons particuliÚrement à les identifier et à analyser les modifications réalisées par les enfants

    Flood hazards and masonry constructions: a probabilistic framework for damage, risk and resilience at urban scale

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    International audienceThis paper deals with the failure risk of masonry constructions under the effect of floods. It is developed within a probabilistic framework, with loads and resistances considered as random variables. Two complementary approaches have been investigated for this purpose: - a global approach based on combined effects of several governing parameters with individual weighted contribution (material quality and geometry, presence and distance between columns, beams, openings, resistance of the soil and its slope...), - and a reliability method using the failure mechanism of masonry walls standing out-plane pressure. The evolution of the probability of failure of masonry constructions according to the flood water level is analysed. The analysis of different failure probability scenarios for masonry walls is conducted to calibrate the influence of each "vulnerability governing parameter" in the global approach that is widely used in risk assessment at the urban or regional scale. The global methodology is implemented in a GIS that provides the spatial distribution of damage risk for different flood scenarios. A real case is considered for the simulations, i.e. Cheffes sur Sarthe (France), for which the observed river discharge, the hydraulic load according to the Digital Terrain Model, and the structural resistance are considered as random variables. The damage probability values provided by both approaches are compared. Discussions are also developed about reduction and mitigation of the flood disaster at various scales (set of structures, city, region) as well as resilience
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