12 research outputs found
Bulk elastic fingering instability in Hele-Shaw cells
We demonstrate experimentally the existence of a purely elastic fingering
instability which arises when air penetrates into an elastomer confined in a
Hele-Shaw cell. Fingers appear sequentially and propagate within the bulk of
the material as soon as a critical strain, independent of the elastic modulus,
is exceeded. Their width depends non-linearly on the distance between the
confining glass plates. A key element in the driving force of the instability
is the adhesion of layers of gels to the plates, which results in a
considerable expense of elastic energy during the growth of the air bubble.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review letters; 5 pages; 6 figure
Digitation élastique en volume dans les solides mous et les matériaux viscoélastiques
Systematic experiments have been performed in purely elastic polyacrylamidegels in Hele-Shaw cells. We have shown that a bulk fingering instabilityarises in the highly deformable confined elastomers. It shares some similaritieswith the famous Saâ”man-Taylor instability. In particular, the total adhesionof the elastomer to the glass plates implies a non-gliding condition, crucial forthe formation of fingers. However, adhesion does not enter the total energybalance, which is shown by the independence of the instability onset from theshear modulus. A systematic study also shows that surface tension is not relevanteither. This instability is sub-critical, with a clear hysteretic behavior.Our experimental observations have been compared very favorably to theoreticaland finite element simulations results. In particular, the instabilitywavelength and the critical front advance have been shown to be proportionalto the distance between the two glass plates constituting the cell. Wehave also shown that in Maxwell viscoelastic fluids, one crosses over continuouslyfrom a viscous to an elastic fingering instability. These experimentsopen interesting perspectives in morphogenesis.Nous avons mis en Ă©vidence lâexistence dâune instabilitĂ© de digitationen volume, dâorigine purement Ă©lastique, dans des gels de polyacrylamideconfinĂ©s en cellule de Hele-Shaw. Cette instabilitĂ© partage certaines similaritĂ©s avec la cĂ©lĂšbre instabilitĂ© de Saffman-Taylor : lâadhĂ©sion totale delâĂ©lastomĂšre a pour consĂ©quence une condition de non glissement crucialepour la digitation. Bien quâessentielle, cette adhĂ©sion nâintervient pas dans lebilan Ă©nergĂ©tique, ce qui est prouvĂ© par le fait que le seuil de lâinstabilitĂ© nedĂ©pend pas du module de cisaillement. Une Ă©tude systĂ©matique a Ă©galementmontrĂ© que la tension de surface nâintervenait pas non plus dans le mĂ©canismede dĂ©stabilisation. Cette instabilitĂ© est sous-critique, avec un net comportementhystĂ©rĂ©tique. Nos observations expĂ©rimentales ont pu ĂȘtre comparĂ©esaux rĂ©sultats dâune analyse thĂ©orique et de simulations par Ă©lĂ©ments finis,et ont montrĂ© un trĂšs bon accord. En particulier, la longueur dâonde et leseuil en avancement du front sont proportionnels Ă la distance qui sĂ©pareles plaques de verre constituant la cellule. Nous avons dâautre part mis enĂ©vidence le passage continu dâune instabilitĂ© de digitation visqueuse Ă cetteinstabilitĂ© de digitation Ă©lastique dans un fluide viscoĂ©lastique de Maxwell,ce qui ouvre peut-ĂȘtre des perspectives intĂ©ressantes dans certains processusmorphogĂ©nĂ©tiques
Rotation of an immersed cylinder sliding near a thin elastic coating
It is known that an object translating parallel to a soft wall in a viscous
fluid produces hydro- dynamic stresses that deform the wall, which, in turn,
results in a lift force on the object. Recent experiments with cylinders
sliding under gravity near a soft incline, which confirmed theoretical
arguments for the lift force, also reported an unexplained steady-state
rotation of the cylinders [Saintyves et al. PNAS 113(21), 2016]. Motivated by
these observations, we show, in the lubrication limit, that an infinite
cylinder that translates in a viscous fluid parallel to a soft wall at constant
speed and separation distance must also rotate in order to remain free of
torque. Using the Lorentz reciprocal theorem, we show analytically that for
small deformations of the elastic layer, the angular velocity of the cylinder
scales with the cube of the sliding speed. These predictions are confirmed
numerically. We then apply the theory to the gravity-driven motion of a
cylinder near a soft incline and find qualitative agreement with the
experimental observations, namely that a softer elastic layer results in a
greater angular speed of the cylinder.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Une force de portance Ă©lastohydrodynamique en matiĂšre molle
La friction est un phĂ©nomĂšne omniprĂ©sent, aux consĂ©quences majeures. Une stratĂ©gie pour rĂ©duire les frottements entre deux objets est dâintercaler une couche de fluide lubrifiant.
Pour des objets Ă©lastiques, le couplage entre leur dĂ©formation et la pression due Ă lâĂ©coulement engendre des effets non triviaux, tels que lâapparition dâune force de portance.
Dans ce contexte, le problĂšme dâune particule libre dans un fluide et proche dâune paroi molle a Ă©tĂ© traitĂ© thĂ©oriquement â avec des prĂ©dictions Ă©tonnantes.
La portance a été ensuite observée expérimentalement de maniÚre indirecte, à diverses échelles.
Enfin, sa premiĂšre mesure directe et quantitative Ă lâĂ©chelle nanomĂ©trique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e
A meniscus fingering instability in viscoelastic fluids
International audienceWe report experiments where a viscoelastic fingering instability develops at the free interface between air and a model viscoelastic fluid confined in a Hele-Shaw cell. The fluid is symmetrically stretched with constant velocity along two opposite directions, leading to the inflation of a two-dimensional air bubble growing from a millimetric centered hole. The instability is observed when the circumferential stretch of the inflating bubble reaches a threshold, that depends on the viscoelastic properties of the fluid through the ratio of the material relaxation time to the time elapsed before the fingers start to develop. The critical stretch of the bulk fingering instability of a stretchable elastic solid [B. Saintyves, O. Dauchot, and E. Bouchaud, Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 047801 (2013)] is recovered for large values of this ratio
Den interkulturella blicken i pedagogik : Inte bara goda föresatser
Med âinterkulturell blickâ avses i denna antologi ett speciellt förhĂ„llningssĂ€tt. Perspektivet Ă€r grĂ€nsöverskridande och kosmopolitiskt. Det handlar om en âinkluderande globalismâ, en strĂ€van att frigöra sig frĂ„n etnocentriska synsĂ€tt för att i stĂ€llet skapa en inkluderande, jĂ€mlik och demokratisk pedagogik. Det rör sig inte om nĂ„gon kompenserande âspecialpedagogik för invandrareâ. Snarare gĂ€ller det att med pedagogikens hjĂ€lp bidra till att göra det annorlunda normalt, till att skapa en âdiversifierad normalitetâ. Boken Ă€r indelad i tvĂ„ delar: Interkulturalitet och samhĂ€lle samt Interkulturalitet och lĂ€rande. De flesta bidragen har skrivits av forskare och lĂ€rare vid Södertörns högskola och Ă€r baserade pĂ„ författarnas forskning om interkulturell pedagogik. Bland bidragsgivarna finns ocksĂ„ lĂ€rare som frĂ€mst skriver utifrĂ„n sina praktiska yrkeserfarenheter av pedagogik och interkulturalitet