Polar Frontal Zone of the Barents Sea Western Trough Based on the Direct Measurements in 2007

The results of measurements carried out in summer, 2007 in the north-western part of the Barents Sea are discussed. The ship weather station and the vessel mounted Acoustic Doppler current profiler VMADCP150 are used to carry out measurements in the vessel motion. CTD/LADCP-sensing is performed at the drift stations. The minimum horizontal scale of a temperature front is 0.5 km, whereas the maximum horizontal gradient of water temperature is 4 °C/km. The width of the North Cape Current Northern branch is ~8 km that is three times larger than the Rossby radius of deformation. Position of the temperature front coincides with that of the jet stream core. The characteristics of small-scale vertical structure of water dynamics and density stratification in the polar frontal zone are discussed. The averaged annual variability of temperature and salinity vertical structure in the area of the Spitsbergen Bank and the Hopen Deep are represented. The intra-annual variability of water salinity in the Hopen Deep calculated based on the historical database of hydrological data, revealed the presence of variations with a period of four months. Based on satellite observations, position of the temperature front in the area of research is defined

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ВНУТРЕННЕЙ СРЕДЫ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ ИЗ ПРИРОДНОГО МИНЕРАЛА СИЛЬВИНИТА В СТОМАТОЛОГИИ

Background: One of the methods of comprehensive therapeutic effects on the human body is sylvinite therapy which has not been used in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases at young age. Aims: Hygienic and clinical evaluation of the possible application of therapeutic factors of sylvinite devices in dentistry.Materials and methods: We conducted hygienic study of the basic physical factors of the internal environment of modern sylvinite structures (radiation background, aeroionization and aerosol environment, climate). The percentage of sylvine and halite in the sylvinite minerals was determined using color image analysis of the salt screen. The microbiological studies of the impact of the mineral sylvinite on the growth parameters of bacterial culture were performed. We examined 79 patients aged 20−25 years diagnosed with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis, 36 persons underwent treatment course in the salt structure. The evaluation of the dental status and the periodontal status was conducted using hygienic and periodontal indices. The duration of study was 4 years.Results: Аll participants who entered the study completed it. In the experimental sylvinite room formed food-grade, biodegradable internal environment (background radiation ― 0,18±0,0027 µsv/h; LOA ― 802,33±62,69 ion/cm3; RO ― 509,33±37,17 ion/cm3; stable microclimate). We detected evidence of an inhibitory effect of the combination on Staphylococcus aureus. The use of a comprehensive dental program has improved the condition of periodontal tissues and careeradvantage tooth enamel (PMA and SBI fell of 80.8% and 75.5%; the reduction of the CPU ― 67.7%; fuel and energy resources increased by 37%). Conclusions: The inclusion of sylvinite therapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis had a marked positive impact on the state of periodontal tissues and local immunity of the oral cavity.Обоснование. Одним из способов комплексного лечебного воздействия на организм человека является сильвинитотерапия, которая до настоящего времени не использовалась в терапии воспалительных заболеваний пародонта у лиц молодого возраста.Цель исследования: гигиеническая и клиническая оценка возможности применения лечебных факторов сильвинитовых устройств в стоматологии.Методы. Осуществляли гигиенические исследования основных физических факторов внутренней среды современных сооружений из калийных солей (радиационный фон, аэроионизационная и аэрозольная среды, микроклимат). Определяли содержание в сильвините минералов сильвина и галита с помощью разработанной нами компьютерной программы. Выполняли микробиологические исследования воздействия минерала сильвинита на ростовые показатели бактериальной культуры. Проводили рандомизированное проспективное исследование с участием 79 пациентов в возрасте 20−25 лет с диагнозом хронического генерализованного катарального гингивита, из них 36 человек проходили курс лечения в соляном сооружении. Оценивали стоматологический статус и состояние пародонта с использованием гигиенических и пародонтологических индексов. Продолжительность исследования составила 4 года.Результаты. Все участники, вступившие в исследование, завершили его. В экспериментальном сильвинитовом помещении формируется биопозитивная внутренняя среда (радиационный фон 0,18±0,0027 мкЗв/ч; содержание легких отрицательных аэроионов ― 802,33±62,69 ион/см3, легких положительных аэроионов ― 509,33±37,17 ион/см3; стабильный микроклимат). Доказано наличие ингибирующего влияния сильвинита на Staphylococcus aureus. Применение комплексной стоматологической программы способствовало улучшению состояния тканей пародонта и повышению кариесрезистентности эмали зубов: индексы гингивита и кровоточивости десневой борозды снизились на 80,8 и 75,5% соответственно; редукция уровня интенсивности кариеса (по индексу КПУ) составила 67,7%; структурно-функциональная резистентность эмали увеличилась на 37%.Заключение. Включение сильвинитотерапии в комплексное лечение больных хроническим генерализованным катаральным гингивитом оказывало выраженное положительное воздействие на состояние тканей пародонта и местный иммунитет полости рта

Role of the factor VIII-binding capacity of endogenous von Willebrand factor on the development of factor VIII inhibitors in patients with severe hemophilia A

International audienc

The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene

FGW – Publications without University Leiden contractDescriptive and Comparative Linguistic

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Analysis of 273 ancient horse genomes reveals that modern domestic horses originated in the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region.Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare(1). However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling(2-4) at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc(3). Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia(5) and Anatolia(6), have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association(7) between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc(8,9) driving the spread of Indo-European languages(10). This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture(11,12).Descriptive and Comparative Linguistic

Dual mechanism of chromatin remodeling in the common shrew sex trivalent (XY1Y2)

Here we focus on the XY1Y2 condition in male common shrew Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758, applying electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry for a comprehensive analysis of structure, synapsis and behaviour of the sex trivalent in pachytene spermatocytes. The pachytene sex trivalent consists of three distinct parts: short and long synaptic SC fragments (between the X and Y1 and between the X and Y2, respectively) and a long asynaptic region of the X in-between. Chromatin inactivation was revealed in the XY1 synaptic region, the asynaptic region of the X and a very small asynaptic part of the Y2. This inactive part of the sex trivalent, that we named the 'head', forms a typical sex body and is located at the periphery of the meiotic nucleus at mid pachytene. The second part or 'tail', a long region of synapsis between the X and Y2 chromosomes, is directed from the periphery into the nucleus. Based on the distribution patterns of four proteins involved in chromatin inactivation, we propose a model of meiotic silencing in shrew sex chromosomes. Thus, we conclude that pachytene sex chromosomes are structurally and functionally two different chromatin domains with specific nuclear topology: the peripheral inactivated 'true' sex chromosome regions (part of the X and the Y1) and more centrally located transcriptionally active autosomal segments (part of the X and the Y2).This work was partially supported by research grants of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research ? 15-29-02649 (to SM), 16-04-01447 (to OL), 15-04-04759 (to SP) and the President Grant for Russian Distinguished Young Scientists MK-4496.2015.4 (to SP)

OUTPATIENT REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH HEALTH DEVIATIONS

Outpatient help to underage population is leading priority for the general healthcare system. The main task of a child policlinic is prevention and early detection of pathologies, and decreasing of rates of illness and child mortality. Complex rehabilitation of children helps improve basic health indexes in underage population. The article displays effectiveness of complex program of medical and social rehabilitation of children with health deviations on the outpatient basis.Key words: medical and social rehabilitation, reflex therapy, child, sickness rate. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (6): 14–19.

Personalized Learning as A Method of Moral and Intellectual Development in The Humanitarization of the Post-Industrial Society

The article presents the post-industrial society problem in the context of personal self-existence of the individual. A spiritually oriented humanitarian paradigm in the intellectual and moral development of the individual in the framework of solving the post-industrial society problems is identified. Personalized learning is considered as a special learning type focused on the personal and intellectual development of the individual on the way from egocentrism to altruism. Intellectual development in the framework of metacognitive learning strategies is presented. The spiritual and moral development of students is defined as personal reflection development. The article presents the empirical study data on the moral orientation of students' personality in educational organizations

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСА «ИНТЕРФЕЙС “МОЗГ – КОМПЬЮТЕР” И ЭКЗОСКЕЛЕТ» И ТЕХНИКИ ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ ДВИЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПОСЛЕ ИНСУЛЬТА

Background: Efficacy of physical exercise and movement imagination for restoration of motor dysfunction after a stroke is seen as proven. However, the use of movement imagination is complicated by impossibility of objective and subjective control over  the exercise, as well as by the absence of their motor support. The brain-computer interface based on electroencephalography is a technique that enables a feedback during movement imagination.Materials and methods: We assessed 10 patients (6 men and 4 women) aged from 30 to 66 years (mean age, 47 ± 7.7 years) with an ischemic (n = 9) and hemorrhagic (n = 1) stroke during the last 2 months to 4 years. Online recognition of movement imagination was done by a classifier with a brain computer interface. An exo-skeleton supported passive movements in a paretic hand managed by the brain-computer interface. During 2 weeks the patients had 10 sessions of 45–90 minute duration each. For control, we used data from 5 stroke patients who, in addition to their standard treatment, underwent an imitation of rehabilitation procedures without movement imagination and feedback. To assess efficacy of treatment, we used a modified Ashworth scale, Fugl-Meyer scale, test for evaluation of hand functions ARAT, British scale for assessment of muscle force MRC-SS. Level of everyday activity and working ability was measured with a modified Rankin scale and Bartel index. Cognitive functions were assessed with Schulte tables.Results: Online recognition of movement imagination according to desynchronization of μ rhythm was registered in 50–75% of patients. All patients reported a subjective improvement of motor functions and working ability. Positive results for at least one parameter were observed in all patients; however, there were no significant difference between the parameters before and after rehabilitation procedures, excluding cognitive functions (degree of warming-up, p 0.02).Conclusion: In post stroke patients, the use of movement imagination, brain-computer interface and exo-skeleton does not seem to affect the rehabilitation process negatively. In all cases, some positive results were achieved in motor recovery, as well as in working ability and daily activity. The results of the rehabilitation procedure are promising; however, the study should be continued.Актуальность. Эффективность физических упражнений и воображения движений для восстановления двигательных нарушений после инсульта считается доказанной. Однако применение воображения движений осложняется невозможностью объективного и субъективного контроля за выполнением упражнений, а также отсутствием их двигательного подкрепления. Интерфейс «мозг – компьютер» на основе электроэнцефалограммы – метод, позволяющий осуществлять обратную связь при выполнении воображения движений.Материал и методы. Обследованы 10 пациентов (6 мужчин и 4 женщины) в возрасте от 30 до 66 лет (средний возраст 47 ± 7,7 года), перенесших ишемический (n = 9) и геморрагический (n = 1) инсульт в срок от 2 месяцев до 4 лет. Онлайн-распознавание воображения движений осуществлялось классификатором с помощью интерфейса «мозг – компьютер». Экзоскелет осуществлял пассивное движение в паретичной кисти под управлением интерфейса «мозг – компьютер». Пациенты получали по 10 занятий длительностью 45–90 минут в течение 2 недель. В качестве контроля использовали данные 5 пациентов, перенесших инсульт, которым в дополнение к стандартной терапии проводилась имитация реабилитационной процедуры без воображения движения и обратной связи. Для оценки эффективности проводимых мероприятий использовали модифицированную шкалу Ашворта, шкалу Fugl-Meyer, тест исследования функций руки ARAT, Британскую шкалу оценки мышечной силы MRC-SS; уровень дееспособности и повседневной активности определяли при помощи модифицированной шкалы Рэнкина и индекса Бартел; когнитивные функции исследовали с использованием таблиц Шульте.Результаты. Онлайн-распознавание воображения движений по реакции десинхронизации μ-ритма зарегистрировано у пациентов в 50–75%. Субъективно все пациенты отметили улучшение двигательных функций и дееспособности. Положительный результат по данным одного и более показателей был отмечен у всех пациентов, однако статистически значимого различияпоказателей до и после проведения реабилитационных мероприятий не получено за исключением когнитивной сферы (степень врабатываемости, p 0,02).Заключение. У пациентов, перенесших инсульт, процедура с использованием воображения движений, интерфейса «мозг – компьютер» и экзоскелета не оказывала отрицательного влияния на процесс реабилитации. Во всех наблюдениях был достигнут положительный результат как в отношении восстановления движений, так и дееспособности и повседневной активности. Результат применения реабилитационной процедуры перспективен, однако следует продолжить исследование.