859 research outputs found
Hydrodynamics and mass transfer processes associated with the absorption of oxygen in liquid films flowing across a rotating disc
PhD Thesis (Multimedia items accompanying this thesis to be consulted at Robinson Library)This study is concerned with mass transfer to a liquid
film as it flows across the surface of a rotating disc, and
in particular with the absorption of oxygen into films of
water. The primary aim of the study was the measurement of
the distribution of oxygen concentration across the disc
radius, for a wide range of liquid flowrates, rotational
speeds, and the comparison of these distributions with
those resulting from a range of theoretical models of this
process.
These comparisons, and the observation that with flow
and rotary speeds of practical interest, the liquid films
invariably exhibit characteristic surface waves indicate
the importance of this hydrodynamic condition with respect
to the mass transfer process.
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The main dimensionless variables which are influential
in describing flow on the disc have been identified, and used
in the formulation of satisfactory mass transfer design
equation.The Robert Wood Fellowship
Monitoring the strength gain of structural adhesives using the electromechanical impedance technique: An experimental investigation
Structural adhesives are employed to externally bond fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites onto concrete structures for repair and strengthening purposes. The strength development of the bond layer is important to ensure the overall performance of the FRP-strengthened system. The non-destructive piezoelectric-based monitoring technique, namely the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique, is introduced to monitor the strength gain of structural adhesives. In this study, the curing process of the commercially available structural adhesive, Sikadur 330, was monitored using the EMI technique. Throughout the experimental study, the 7-day strength gain of the adhesive was observed from the movement of acquired frequency peaks. The frequency peaks moved noticeably to the right for the first 24 hours. After that, the rate of movement decreased significantly. An empirical equation is established to correlate the tensile strength of the adhesive to the acquired resonance frequency for different curing durations. The current study shows the capability of the EMI technique to monitor the strength gain of structural adhesives, particularly at an early age of curing
Pontecorvo's Original Oscillations Revisited
We show that a left-handed neutrino can oscillate into its -
conjugated state with maximal amplitude, in direct analogy with
oscillations. Peculiarities of such oscillations under
different conditions are studied.Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages, 1 figure (not included but available upon request by
fax or ordinary mail), SISSA 9/93/EP, IC/93/1
Phytoplankton assemblage of the Merambong Shoal, Tebrau Straits with note on potentially harmful species
Minimal Mass Matrices for Dirac Neutrinos
We consider the possibility of neutrinos being Dirac particles and study
minimal mass matrices with as much zero entries as possible. We find that up to
5 zero entries are allowed. Those matrices predict one vanishing mass state, CP
conservation and U_{e3} either zero or proportional to R, where R is the ratio
of the solar and atmospheric \Delta m^2. Matrices containing 4 zeros can be
classified in categories predicting U_{e3} = 0, U_{e3} \neq 0 but no CP
violation or |U_{e3}| \neq 0 and possible CP violation. Some cases allow to set
constraints on the neutrino masses. The characteristic value of U_{e3} capable
of distinguishing some of the cases with non-trivial phenomenological
consequences is about R/2 \sin 2 \theta_{12}. Matrices containing 3 and less
zero entries imply (with a few exceptions) no correlation for the observables.
We outline models leading to the textures based on the Froggatt-Nielsen
mechanism or the non-Abelian discrete symmetry D_4 \times Z_2.Comment: 32 pages, 3 figures. Comments and references added. To appear in JHE
Describing Analytically the Matter-Enhanced Two-Neutrino Transitions in a Medium
A general exact analytic expression for the probability of matter-enhanced
two-neutrino transitions in a medium (MSW, RSFP, generated by neutrino FCNC
interactions, etc.) is derived. The probability is expressed in terms of three
real functions of the parameters of the transitions: the ``jump'' probability
and two phases (angles). The results obtained can be utilized, in particular,
in the studies of the matter-enhanced transitions/conversions of solar and
supernova neutrinos. An interesting similarity between the Schroedinger
equation for the radial part of the non-relativistic wave function of the
hydrogen atom and the equation governing the MSW transitions of solar neutrinos
in the exponentially varying matter density in the Sun is also briefly
discussed.Comment: 14 pages, latex; published in Phys. Lett. B406 (1997) 35
Implications of Gallium Solar Neutrino Data for the Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession Scenario
We consider the implications of the recent results of SAGE and GALLEX
experiments for the solution of the solar neutrino problem in the framework of
the resonant neutrino spin-flavor precession scenario. It is shown that this
scenario is consistent with all the existing solar neutrino data including the
gallium results. The quality of the fit of the data depends crucially on the
magnetic field profile used which makes it possible to get information about
the magnetic field in the solar interior. In particular, the magnetic field in
the core of the sun must not be too strong ( G). The detection
rate in the gallium detectors turns out to be especially sensitive to the
magnitude of . Predictions for forthcoming solar-neutrino
experiments are made.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, 5 figures (not included by available upon request by
fax or ordinary mail
Testing Matter Effects in Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
Assuming three-neutrino mixing, we study the capabilities of very long
baseline neutrino oscillation experiments to verify and test the MSW effect and
to measure the lepton mixing angle theta_13. We suppose that intense neutrino
and antineutrino beams will become available in so-called neutrino factories.
We find that the most promising and statistically significant results can be
obtained by studying nu_e ->nu_mu and \bar{nu}_e-> \bar{nu}_mu oscillations
which lead to matter enhancements and suppressions of wrong sign muon rates. We
show the theta_13 ranges where matter effects could be observed as a function
of the baseline. We discuss the scaling laws of rates, significances and
sensitivities with the relevant mixing angles and experimental parameters. Our
analysis includes fluxes, event rates and statistical aspects so that the
conclusions should be useful for the planning of experimental setups. We
discuss the subleading Delta m^2_{21} effects in the case of the LMA MSW
solution of the solar problem, showing that they are small for L >= 7000 km.
For shorter baselines, Delta m^2_{21} effects can be relevant and their
dependence on L offers a further handle for the determination of the
CP-violation phase \delta. Finally we comment on the possibility to measure the
specific distortion of the energy spectrum due to the MSW effect.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, figures and more discussion added, results and
conclusions unchange
On the Measurement of Solar Neutrino Oscillation Parameters with KamLAND
A new reactor power plant Shika-2, with a power of approximately 4 GW and at
a distance of about 88 km from the KamLAND detector is scheduled to start
operating in March 2006. We study the impact of the flux from this
reactor on the sensitivity of the KamLAND experiment to the solar neutrino
oscillation parameters. We present results on prospective determination of
and using the combined data from
KamLAND and the solar neutrino experiments, including the effect of the Shika-2
contribution to the KamLAND signal and the latest data from the salt enriched
phase of the SNO experiment. We find that contrary to the expectations, the
addition of the Shika-2 reactor flux does not improve the
sensitivity of KamLAND, while the ambiguity in measurement
may even increase, as a result of the averaging effect between Kashiwazaki and
the Shika-2 reactor contributions to the KamLAND signal.Comment: Version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Comparison of [(11)C]choline positron emission tomography with T2- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for delineating malignant intraprostatic lesions
Purpose: To compare the accuracy of ¹¹C-choline (CHOL) positron emission tomography (PET) with the combination of T2-weighted (T2W) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for delineating malignant intraprostatic lesions (IPLs) for guiding focal therapies and to investigate factors predicting the accuracy of CHOL-PET. Methods and Materials: This study included 21 patients who underwent CHOL-PET and T2W-/DW-MRI prior to radical prostatectomy. Two observers manually delineated IPL contours for each scan, and automatic IPL contours were generated on CHOL-PET based on varying proportions of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV). IPLs identified on prostatectomy specimens defined the reference standard contours. The imaging-based contours were compared with the reference standard contours using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity and specificity. Factors that could potentially predict the DSC of the best contouring method were analyzed using linear models. Results: The best automatic contouring method, SUV60, had similar correlations (DSC 0.59) with the manual PET contours (DSC 0.52, P=0.127) and significantly better correlations than the manual MRI contours (DSC 0.37, P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity values were 72% and 71% for SUV60; 53% and 86% for PET manual contouring; and 28% and 92% for MRI manual contouring. The tumor volume and transition zone pattern could independently predict the accuracy of CHOL-PET. Conclusions: CHOL-PET is superior to the combination of T2W- and DW-MRI for delineating IPLs. The accuracy of CHOL-PET is insufficient for gland-sparing focal therapies, 3 however may be accurate enough for focal boost therapies. The transition zone pattern is a new classification that may predict for how well CHOL-PET delineates IPLs.Joe H. Chang, Daryl Lim Joon, Ian D. Davis, Sze Ting Lee, Chee-Yan Hiew, Stephen Esler, Sylvia J. Gong, Morikatsu Wada, David Clouston, Richard O'Sullivan, Yin P. Goh, Damien Bolton, Andrew M. Scott, Vincent Kho
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