Investigation of surface water bodies Poltava region

Implementation of quality of surface waters is important stage on which priorities are determined by water protection activities, the Organization of monitoring networks and water-planning activities. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3016

Regression Models for Estimation of Maximal Aerobic Power in Man

Regression models have been proposed by various workers for predicting physical work capacity of man. This paper reviews critically the applications of these models for indirect estimation of maximal aerobic power in man, which is the best single physiological index for the assessment of work performance capacity of man

Clustering properties of a generalised critical Euclidean network

Many real-world networks exhibit scale-free feature, have a small diameter and a high clustering tendency. We have studied the properties of a growing network, which has all these features, in which an incoming node is connected to its $i$th predecessor of degree $k_i$ with a link of length $\ell$ using a probability proportional to $k^\beta_i \ell^{\alpha}$. For $\alpha > -0.5$, the network is scale free at $\beta = 1$ with the degree distribution $P(k) \propto k^{-\gamma}$ and $\gamma = 3.0$ as in the Barab\'asi-Albert model ($\alpha =0, \beta =1$). We find a phase boundary in the $\alpha-\beta$ plane along which the network is scale-free. Interestingly, we find scale-free behaviour even for $\beta > 1$ for $\alpha < -0.5$ where the existence of a new universality class is indicated from the behaviour of the degree distribution and the clustering coefficients. The network has a small diameter in the entire scale-free region. The clustering coefficients emulate the behaviour of most real networks for increasing negative values of $\alpha$ on the phase boundary.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, 4 figure

An optimal network for passenger traffic

The optimal solution of an inter-city passenger transport network has been studied using Zipf's law for the city populations and the Gravity law describing the fluxes of inter-city passenger traffic. Assuming a fixed value for the cost of transport per person per kilometer we observe that while the total traffic cost decreases, the total wiring cost increases with the density of links. As a result the total cost to maintain the traffic distribution is optimal at a certain link density which vanishes on increasing the network size. At a finite link density the network is scale-free. Using this model the air-route network of India has been generated and an one-to-one comparison of the nodal degree values with the real network has been made.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Scale-free network on a vertical plane

A scale-free network is grown in the Euclidean space with a global directional bias. On a vertical plane, nodes are introduced at unit rate at randomly selected points and a node is allowed to be connected only to the subset of nodes which are below it using the attachment probability: $\pi_i(t) \sim k_i(t)\ell^{\alpha}$. Our numerical results indicate that the directed scale-free network for $\alpha=0$ belongs to a different universality class compared to the isotropic scale-free network. For $\alpha < \alpha_c$ the degree distribution is stretched exponential in general which takes a pure exponential form in the limit of $\alpha \to -\infty$. The link length distribution is calculated analytically for all values of $\alpha$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Gravitational lensing by p-branes

The scattering of R-R gauge bosons off of Dirichlet p-branes is computed to leading order in the string coupling. The results are qualitatively similar to those found in the scattering of massless NS-NS bosons: all p-branes with p >= 0 exhibit stringy properties, in particular the Regge behavior. Both the R-R and NS-NS scattering amplitudes agree in the limit of small momentum transfer with scattering off the extremal R-R charged p-brane solutions found in the low-energy supergravities. We interpret this as evidence that Dirichlet-branes are an exact world-sheet description of the extremal p-branes. The -1-brane (D-instanton) is a special object which, unlike all other Dirichlet-branes, exhibits point-like behavior. We find the R-R charged instanton solution to type IIB supergravity and confirm that the field theoretic scattering off of this solution miraculously reproduces the full stringy calculation. As an aside, we include a discussion of the entropy of non-extremal black holes in ten dimensions, produced by exciting the 0-brane. We show that, for large black holes, the entropy grows linearly with the black hole mass.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, 1 figure, uses psfig.sty, available from http://xxx.lanl.gov/ftp/hep-th/papers/macros/psfig.sty Final version to appear in Nuclear Physics

Black Holes on Cylinders

We take steps toward constructing explicit solutions that describe non-extremal charged dilatonic branes of string/M-theory with a transverse circle. Using a new coordinate system we find an ansatz for the solutions with only one unknown function. We show that this function is independent of the charge and our ansatz can therefore also be used to construct neutral black holes on cylinders and near-extremal charged dilatonic branes with a transverse circle. For sufficiently large mass $M > M_c$ these solutions have a horizon that connects across the cylinder but they are not translationally invariant along the circle direction. We argue that the neutral solution has larger entropy than the neutral black string for any given mass. This means that for $M > M_c$ the neutral black string can gain entropy by redistributing its mass to a solution that breaks translational invariance along the circle, despite the fact that it is classically stable. We furthermore explain how our construction can be used to study the thermodynamics of Little String Theory.Comment: latex, 68 pages, 4 figures. v2: Typos fixed, argument about \chi corrected in sec. 7.4, discussion of space of physical solutions corrected and clarified in sec. 9; v3: v=\pi clarified, typos fixed, figure 1 change

Thermal Partition Functions for S-branes

We calculate the thermal partition functions of open strings on the S-brane backgrounds (the bouncing or rolling tachyon backgrounds) both in the bosonic and superstring cases. According to hep-th/0302146, we consider the discretized temperatures compatible with the pure imaginary periodicity of tachyon profiles. The ``effective Hagedorn divergence'' is shown to appear no matter how low temperature is chosen (including zero-temperature). This feature is likely to be consistent with the large rate of open string pair production discussed in hep-th/0209090 and also emission of closed string massive modes hep-th/0303139. We also discuss the possibility to remove the divergence by considering the space-like linear dilaton backgrounds as in hep-th/0306132.Comment: 33 pages, no figure; v2 typos corrected, a reference adde

S-Brane Thermodynamics

The description of string-theoretic s-branes at g_s=0 as exact worldsheet CFTs with a (lambda cosh X^0) or (lambda e^(X^0)) boundary interaction is considered. Due to the imaginary-time periodicity of the interaction under X^0 -> X^0 + 2 pi i, these configurations have intriguing similarities to black hole or de Sitter geometries. For example, the open string pair production as seen by an Unruh detector is thermal at temperature T = 1/4 pi. It is shown that, despite the rapid time dependence of the s-brane, there exists an exactly thermal mixed state of open strings. The corresponding boundary state is constructed for both the bosonic and superstring cases. This state defines a long-distance Euclidean effective field theory whose light modes are confined to the s-brane. At the critical value of the coupling lambda=1/2, the boundary interaction simply generates an SU(2) rotation by pi from Neumman to Dirichlet boundary conditions. The lambda=1/2 s-brane reduces to an array of sD-branes (D-branes with a transverse time dimension) on the imaginary time axis. The long range force between a (bosonic) sD-brane and an ordinary D-brane is shown from the annulus diagram to be 11/12 times the force between two D-branes. The linearized time-dependent RR field F=dC produced by an sD-brane in superstring theory is explicitly computed and found to carry a half unit of s-charge Q_s=\int_S *F=1/2, where S is any transverse spacelike slice.Comment: 42 page

Shooting shadows: India’s struggle to reduce the burden of anaemia

Despite several efforts by the Government of India, the national burden of anaemia remains high and its growing prevalence (between 2015–2016 and 2019–2021) is concerning to India’s public health system. This article reviews existing food-based and clinical strategies to mitigate the anaemia burden and why they are premature and insufficient. In a context where multiple anaemia control programmes are in play, this article proposes a threefold strategy for consideration. First, except the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, 2016–2018, which measured Hb concentration among children and adolescents aged 1–19 years using venous blood samples, all national surveys use capillary blood samples to determine Hb levels, which could be erroneous. The Indian government should prioritise conducting a nationwide survey for estimating the burden of anaemia and its clinical determinants for all age groups using venous blood samples. Second, without deciding the appropriate dose of Fe needed for an individual, food fortification programmes that are often compounded with layering of other micronutrients could be harmful and further research on this issue is needed. Same is true for the pharmacological intervention of Fe tablet or syrup supplementation programmes, which is given to individuals without assessing its need. In addition, there is a dire need for robust research to understand both the long-term benefit and side effects of Fe supplementation programmes. Third and final, the WHO is in process of reviewing the Hb threshold for defining anaemia, therefore the introduction of new anaemia control programmes should be restrained