Comparative Study of Bituminous Mixes Modified by EVA and Crumb Rubber

A good wearing course play very important role for the protection of flexible pavement. Bitumen wearing course in the hot climate area not been performing good on heavy traffic volume highways with life of wearing course not exceeding four years due the brittleness caused by oxidation of binder. Use of bituminous mixes modified by Ethylene vinyl acetate and crumb rubber in the construction of flexible pavement is gaining importance because of many reasons. EVA and Crumb rubber is non biodegradable materials. Addition of this type of materials in the bituminous mixes increase the strength and life of flexible pavement. Conventional bitumen does not have attraction with water. When bitumen is used in flexible pavement during and after rainy season there is possibility of formation of potholes. Bitumen is not good with high air voids, due to which cracks are developed in the flexible pavement. The present work is carried out to find solutions on potholes and cracks formation in case of flexible pavement by the replacement of bitumen by EVA and crumb rubber in various percentages like 2 %, 4%, 6% by the weight in 60/70 grade bitumen. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150516

Intra-seasonal oscillations during monsoon 2002 and 2003

Features of the intra-seasonal oscillations during monsoon 2002, a drought year, and monsoon 2003, a normal year, have been examined by applying a frequency filter and the technique of wavelet analysis to rainfall data. Analysis reveals that while the faster 10-20 days mode dominated monsoon 2003, the slower 30-60 days mode dominated monsoon 2002

LOW COST CARBON CATHODE FOR NATURAL DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

Objective: Platinum film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass surface has been used commonly in the research of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, cost of platinum is too high to fabricate a cost effective ecofriendly DSSC. The current study has been done to replace the high cost platinum counter electrode by low cost carbon electrode. Material and Method: TiO2 nanoparticles has been synthesized and used to synthesize Photo anode of DSSC on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass surface. Platinum and Carbon cathodes has been synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass surface fabricated and their photovoltaic properties have been compared. Area of the cathode and anode has been maintained 1square centimeter. Results: Study of DSSCs reveals, carbon cathode can successfully replace the platinum cathode as efficiencies of DSSCs have been found to be more using carbon cathode as compare to the platinum cathode. Ecofriendly Eosin Y dye sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles photo anode has been used for the fabrication of DSSC. Conclusions: Investigation leads to the conclusion that carbon cathode can replace the platinum cathode in dye sensitized solar cell

Square spirals, dimensionality and biopolymers

AbstractThis paper illustrates the diversity and esthetic beauty of the spatial patterns produced by a class of heuristic procedures describable by a one-parameter algorithm. While the patterns may provide insight into the structures of biopolymers and other macromolecules, the main focus of this work is the demonstration of how two-dimensional order may arise from one-dimensional processes

Desiging an efficient tidal turbine blade through Bio-mimicry: A systemic review

Purpose: A comprehensive literature review is conducted in the tidal energy physics, the ocean environment, hydrodynamics of horizontal axis tidal turbines, and bio-mimicry. Design/methodology/approach: The paper provides an insight of the tidal turbine blade design and need for renewable energy sources to generate electricity through clean energy sources and less CO2 emission. The ocean environment along with hydrodynamic design principles of a horizontal axis tidal turbine blade are described, including theoretical maximum efficiency, Blade Element Momentum theory, and non-dimensional forces acting on tidal turbine blades. Findings: This review gives an overview of fish locomotion identifying the attributes of the swimming like lift based thrust propulsion, the locomotion driving factors: dorsal fins, caudal fins in propulsion, which enable the fish to be efficient even at low tidal velocities. Originality/ value: Finally, after understanding the phenomenon of caudal fin propulsion and its relationship with tidal turbine blade hydrodynamics; this review focuses on the implications of bio-mimicking a curved caudal fin to design an efficient Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine

Technical Feasibility of Flat Plate Collector Water Heating System with Auto Tilting Mechanism

Solar energy is the basic source of all the energy needs of the human kind. Solar energy, in its various forms is used by human civilization for fulfilling its needs. Water heating system is one of them. Conventionally, Flat Plate Collector (FPC) solar water heating system was used for this purpose. However, with technological development, new and more advanced systems, which are much more efficient and cost effective, replaced the FPC market. The developed pilot scale system in the current paper tries to evaluate the performance of the FPC by inclusion of an auto tilting mechanism for utilizing maximum incident solar radiation throughout the day. Changes in the temperature with respect to time, and comparison of the temperature variations of the tilting panel and a fixed panel were recorded, and further, a suitable mathematical correlation was developed for prediction of theoretical temperatures

A preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed car: for light-weighting implications

Purpose Road passenger transportation faces a global challenge of reducing environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions because of the vehicle weight increases needed to enhance passenger safety and comfort. This paper aims to present a preliminary mechanical design evaluation of the Wikispeed Car (with a focus on body bending, body torsion and body crash) to assess light-weighting implications and improve the vehicle’s environmental performance without compromising safety. Design/methodology/approach For this research, finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to examine the Wikispeed chassis for light-weighting opportunities in three key aspects of the vehicle’s design, namely, for body bending the rockers (or longitudinal tubes), for body torsion (again on the rockers but also the chassis as a whole) and for crash safety – on the frontal crash structure. A two-phase approach was adopted, namely, in phase one, a 3D CAD geometry was generated and in phase, two FEA was generated. The combination of analysis results was used to develop the virtual model using FEA tools, and the model was updated based on the correlation process. Findings The research revealed that changing the specified material Aluminium Alloy 6061-T651 to Magnesium EN-MB10020 allows vehicle mass to be reduced by an estimated 110 kg, thus producing a concomitant 10 per cent improvement in fuel economy. The initial results imply that the current beam design made from magnesium would perform worst during a crash as the force required to buckle the beam is the lowest (between 95.2 kN and 134 kN). Steel has the largest bandwidth of force required for buckling and also requires the largest force for buckling (between 317 kN and 540 kN). Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to compare and contrast between material substitution and its impact upon Wikispeed car safety and performance

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies on novel sulfonamides containing 4-azidomethyl coumarin

A series of new and novel coumarin-6-sulfonamides with a free C4-azidomethyl group have been synthesized as antimicrobials in three steps starting from 7-methyl-4-bromomethylcoumarin 1. The reaction of 1 with chlorosulfonic acid was found to yield the corresponding 6-sulfonylchloride 2, which when treated with sodium azide led to intermediate 3. The title sulfonamides 5a-y were obtained from the reaction of 3 with various aromatic amines 4 in refluxing benzene. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, NMR and LC-MS spectral data. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Some of the compounds have been found to be active against both bacterial species at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Adaptable transition systems

We present an essential model of adaptable transition systems inspired by white-box approaches to adaptation and based on foundational models of component based systems. The key feature of adaptable transition systems are control propositions, imposing a clear separation between ordinary, functional behaviours and adaptive ones. We instantiate our approach on interface automata yielding adaptable interface automata, but it may be instantiated on other foundational models of component-based systems as well. We discuss how control propositions can be exploited in the specification and analysis of adaptive systems, focusing on various notions proposed in the literature, like adaptability, control loops, and control synthesis