A socioeconomic and bioeconomic analysis of coastal fisheries of Bangladesh

Bangladesh has an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 164 000 km2 and a continental shelf area of 66 440 km2. Artisanal (small scale) fisheries extend from the coast to 40 m while industrial (commercial scale) fisheries operate beyond 40 m depth. The coastal fisheries of Bangladesh exploit a complex multi-species resource. There are 18 demersal and pelagic species, seven species of larger pelagic and 10 shrimp species that are commercially important among the fishes exploited. In 1996 - 97, total fish production reached 1.3 million t with 75% from capture fisheries (0.9 million t) and 25% from aquaculture (0.4 million t). Artisanal fishing operations dominated the marine fisheries, contributing 82% of the total fish production. Information on the gross national product (GNP) and domestic product (GDP) showed that the share of agriculture has been declining over the years. The national income accounting procedure in Bangladesh divides the agriculture sector into crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries. Fisheries contribute to economic development of the country in four ways: (a) helping to achieve high growth rates by creating the necessary value-added; (b) providing employment to a large number of people; (c) adding a large volume of valuable foreign exchange; and (d) providing a cheap source of essential food to lower income people. In 1997 - 98, GNP, GDP and value-added contributions at current prices by the fisheries sector amounted to US$35716 mil, US$34062 mil and US$1808 mil, respectively. Of the total export value of US$1217 mil, 8.5% (US$104 mil) came from fish and fish products. In terms of food consumption, fish ranks third as the most important food item with a mean per capita consumption of 8.36 kg╖year-1. There are three major fishing fleets in Bangladesh namely, the trawlers, the mechanized boats and the non-mechanized boats. In 1972 - 73, there were 10 trawlers and 200 mechanized boats operating in the fishing grounds of Bangladesh. This expanded to 54 trawlers, 3317 mechanized boats and 14 014 non-mechanized boats in 1996 - 97. Trawlers were divided into 41 shrimp and 13 fish units while mechanized boats included gillnet, set bag net and long-line gear. Non-mechanized boats are also used for gillnet fishing, set bag net fishing, long-line fishing, trammel net fishing and other gear. The Schaefer and Fox Models were used to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for the fisheries of Bangladesh. Results of these bioeconomic models show that MSY is estimated to be 4029 t at MSY effort of 9317 standard fishing days (SFD) using SchaeferÆs Model. MSY reached 4136 t at MSY effort of 11822 SFD using FoxÆs Model. The current catch of 2444 t at an effort of 7491 SFD indicates over-fishing. If this situation continues, the fishery resources will diminish with time. Precautionary measures should be adopted by the Government to minimize if not totally prevent over-exploitation of the fishery resource in the Bay of Bengal. The Government should enact laws and ensure their enforcement. The present number of large trawlers and boat owners should not be allowed to increase. The trawlers and large boat operators should avoid intrusion into near-shore areas and reduce discards/by-catch problems. Artisanal fishers should abandon destructive fishing gear like estuarine set bag net (ESBN), push nets and current jall that kill small fish. Community-based management should be adopted with initiatives coming from the Government, other international and regional agencies and the stakeholders.Fishery resources, Fishery surveys, Biomass, Population density, Shrimp fisheries, Catch/effort, Trawling, Mathematical models, Coastal fisheries, Marine fisheries, Ecosystems, Socioeconomic aspects, Artisanal fishing, Ecnonomic benefits, ISW, Bangladesh,

Toxic effect of chalkones and antitoxic role of ascorbic acid

One of the chalkones synthesised in the author's laboratory was selected to determine its toxicity to fish, Lepidocephalicthys thermalis at different concentrations and time periods. Ascorbic acid contents were determined and it was found to be antitoxic

Prospects of Wheat and Sugar Trade between India and Pakistan : A Simple Welfare Analysis

This paper asks how opening up of wheat and sugar trade between two nuclear neighbours, India and Pakistan, would affect welfare in the two countries. We conduct a partial equilibrium analysis to simulate welfare implications of trade between the two countries under three alternative trade regimes : a) under an FTA between India and Pakistan, b) under SAFTA, and c) under a grant of mostfavoured nation (MFN) to India by Pakistan. We conduct simple welfare analysis for wheat, on the basis of real world data of FY2005, and for sugar, based on data for FY 2000-01. In both these years, India had a net surplus and Pakistan had a net deficit for both wheat and sugar. We show that among other things, favourable weather conditions play a critical role in generating these surpluses, which are most likely to get reversed in years when weather conditions become more favourable to Pakistan. While we find there would be net gains to both countries, in case trade happens, the highest welfare gains accrue to both countries under free trade agreement. Further analysis reveals that if subsidies to Indian wheat farmers are removed, their competitive edge disappears in favour of wheat farmers in Pakistan.wheat, sugar, trade, weather conditions, Pakistan, India, subsidies

Collection in High Court Libraries of India: A Survey (2005 to 2009)

With the ever increasing cost of the publications, the collection development in High court libraries of India has been markedly effected. This paper tries to find out that  due to changing environment, has  the collection  increased ,decreased or remain stagnant 

Sex ratio of the sole Euryglossa orientalis (Bl. & Schn.) (family: Soleidae) from the Karachi coast

This paper present a study on sex ratio and reveals segregation or aggregation of males and females in accordance with environmental conditions, the differential behaviour of sexes, and due to fishing

Investigation of CNTFET Performance with Gate Control Coefficient Effect

For the first time, a deep study of gate control coefficient (αG) effect on CNTFET performance has done in this research. A new, analytical CNTFET simulation along with multiple parameter approach has executed with 3D output in MATLAB and that used it to examine device performance. It is found that, drain current and transconductance increases with high gate control coefficient. On the other hand, total capacitance decreases with high αG value resulting improved charging energy. Likewise, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) decreases with αG that provides less deviation from ideal device performance. Finally, subthreshold swing comes very close to the theoretical limit at high αG which is desired for low threshold voltage and low-power operation for FETs scaled down to small sizes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3598

Framing the features of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on radiative nanofluid flow past a rotating stretching sheet with magnetohydrodynamics

AbstractThis article addresses the combined effects of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on MHD radiative heat and mass transfer of nanofluid flow over a rotating stretching surface. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis in the presence of heat source. Similarity transformation variables have been used to model the governing equations of momentum, energy, and nanoparticles concentration. Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting technique is applied to solve the resulting coupled ordinary differential equations. Physical features for all pertinent parameters on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and heat and mass transfer rates are analyzed graphically. The numerical comparison has also presented for skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number as a special case for our study. It is noted that fluid velocity enhances when rotational parameter is increased. Surface heat transfer rate enhances for larger values of Prandtl number and heat source parameter while mass transfer rate increases for larger values of chemical reaction parameter

Dovetailing of Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management: An Integrative Framework

The rapid advancement in Information and Communication Technology is driving a revolutionary change in the way organizations do business. The fast growing capabilities of both generating and collecting data has generated an imperative need for new techniques and tools that can intelligently and automatically transform the processed data into valuable information and knowledge for effective decision making. Business intelligence (BI) plays an important role extracting valuable information and discovering the hidden patterns in internal as well as external sources of data. The main purpose of the BI is to improve the knowledge with information that allows managers to make effective decisions to achieve organizational objectives. However majority of organizational knowledge is in unstructured form or in the minds of its employees. On the other hand, Knowledge Management (KM) encompasses both tacit and explicit knowledge to enhance s the organizations performance by providing collaborative tools to learn, create and share the knowledge within the organization. Therefore, it is imperative for the organizations to integrate BI with KM. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of integration of BI with KM and provide a framework to integrate BI and KM. Keywords: Business Intelligence (BI), Knowledge Management (KM), Scorecard, Dashboard, ETL, Data Mining, OLAP, Tacit Knowledge, Explicit Knowledg

Trends in Competition and Profitability in the Banking Industry: A Basic Framework

This paper brings to the forefront the assumptions that we make when focusing on a particular type of explanation for bank profitability. We evaluate a broad field of research by introducing a general framework for a profit maximizing bank and demonstrate how different types of models can be fitted into this framework. Next, we present an overview of the current major trends in European banking and relate them to each model’s assumptions, thereby shedding light on the relevance, timeliness and shelf life of the different models. This way, we arrive at a set of recommendations for a future research agenda. We advocate a more prominent role for output prices, and suggest a modification of the intermediation approach. We also suggest ways to more clearly distinguish between market power and efficiency, and explain why we need time-dependent models. Finally, we propose the application of existing models to different size classes and sub-markets. Throughout we emphasize the benefits from applying several, complementary models to overcome the identification problems that we observe in individual models.