New-onset atrial fibrillation detected by continuous capnography monitoring: a case report

Case series Patients: Male, 75-year-old Male, 72-year-oldFinal Diagnosis: Atrial fibrillationSymptoms: Apnea atrial fibrillationMedication: -Clinical Procedure: -Specialty: AnesthesiologyObjective: Unusual clinical courseBackground: Asymptomatic postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) may go undetected. As part of a multicenter observational trial designed to develop a risk prediction score for respiratory depression, the respiratory patterns of patients admitted to standard wards were continuously assessed with capnography and pulse oximetry. The monitor measured end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation.Case Reports: Two men ages 75 and 72 experienced abrupt and variable postoperative changes in HR consistent with AF with rapid ventricular response, coinciding with an abnormal breathing pattern with apneic episodes. In both cases, the changes were not detected by routine clinical monitoring.Conclusions: Continuous capnography identified respiratory distress in 2 patients who experienced symptoms of AF. Continuous monitoring devices can help health care providers minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality for patients at risk of respiratory depression.Perioperative Medicine: Efficacy, Safety and Outcome (Anesthesiology/Intensive Care

Ibuprofeno intravenoso: Experiencia clínica en el tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio

About 30 % of surgical patients report high or extreme intensity postoperative pain as their main concern, which is even more relevant than satisfactory surgery results. NSAIDs are the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Ibuprofen is widely used in prevention and treatment of pain. Recently, intravenous ibuprofen has been approved by the FDA (www.accessdata.fda.gov) for the management of mild-moderate pain and management of moderate-severe pain complementary to opioid analgesia. Additionally, has been approved for fever reduction. Given its potential as adjuvant therapy in multimodal analgesia, a review of the perioperative use of intravenous ibuprofen was conducted by analyzing literature available in English and Spanish in PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE through December 2015. The review included pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from patients of different ages as well as clinical studies where the use of opioids was quantified in the postoperative period and the synergy between these two types of drugs was analyzed. Intravenous ibuprofen offers advantages over oral presentation and is an alternative to the limited availability of intravenous NSAIDs as part of multimodal perioperative analgesia.El dolor postoperatorio de intensidad alta o extrema tiene una incidencia publicada cercana al 30 % de los pacientes quirúrgicos, siendo su principal preocupación, incluso más relevante que los resultados satisfactorios o no que pudiera tener el procedimiento en la resolución de su enfermedad. Los AINE son los fármacos más prescritos en el mundo para el tratamiento del dolor agudo y crónico de diferentes causas. El ibuprofeno es un analgésico ampliamente utilizado en la prevención y tratamiento del dolor. Recientemente, su forma intravenosa ha sido aprobada por la FDA (www.accessdata.fda.gov) para el tratamiento del dolor leve a moderado y moderado a severo complementario a la analgesia opioide. Adicionalmente, ha sido aprobado para la reducción de la fiebre. Dado su potencial como adyuvante en la analgesia multimodal, se realizó una revisión acerca del uso perioperatorio del ibuprofeno intravenoso, analizando la literatura disponible en inglés y español en PubMed y Ovid MEDLINE hasta diciembre 2015. Se incluyeron datos farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos provenientes de pacientes de diferentes edades, así como estudios clínicos, incluyendo aquellos en los que se cuantificó el uso de opioides en el periodo postoperatorio, analizando la sinergia entre ambos tipos de analgésicos. El ibuprofeno intravenoso ofrece ventajas sobre la presentación oral, siendo una alternativa a la limitada disponibilidad de AINE endovenosos como parte de la analgesia multimodal perioperatoria

Prediction of opioid-induced respiratory depression on inpatient wards using continuous capnography and oximetry: an international prospective, observational trial

BACKGROUND: Opioid-related adverse events are a serious problem in hospitalized patients. Little is known about patients who are likely to experience opioid-induced respiratory depression events on the general care floor and may benefit from improved monitoring and early intervention. The trial objective was to derive and validate a risk prediction tool for respiratory depression in patients receiving opioids, as detected by continuous pulse oximetry and capnography monitoring. METHODS: PRediction of Opioid-induced respiratory Depression In patients monitored by capnoGraphY (PRODIGY) was a prospective, observational trial of blinded continuous capnography and oximetry conducted at 16 sites in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Vital signs were intermittently monitored per standard of care. A total of 1335 patients receiving parenteral opioids and continuously monitored on the general care floor were included in the analysis. A respiratory depression episode was defined as respiratory rate = 60 mm Hg for >= 3 minutes; apnea episode lasting >30 seconds; or any respiratory opioid-related adverse event. A risk prediction tool was derived using a multivariable logistic regression model of 46 a priori defined risk factors with stepwise selection and was internally validated by bootstrapping. RESULTS: One or more respiratory depression episodes were detected in 614 (46%) of 1335 general care floor patients (43% male; mean age, 58 +/- 14 years) continuously monitored for a median of 24 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 17-26). A multivariable respiratory depression prediction model with area under the curve of 0.740 was developed using 5 independent variables: age >= 60 (in decades), sex, opioid naivety, sleep disorders, and chronic heart failure. The PRODIGY risk prediction tool showed significant separation between patients with and without respiratory depression (P= 1 respiratory depression episode (10.5 +/- 10.8 vs 7.7 +/- 7.8 days;P< .0001) identified using continuous oximetry and capnography monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: A PRODIGY risk prediction model, derived from continuous oximetry and capnography, accurately predicts respiratory depression episodes in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor. Implementation of the PRODIGY score to determine the need for continuous monitoring may be a first step to reduce the incidence and consequences of respiratory compromise in patients receiving opioids on the general care floor

Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK) : an international, randomised, controlled trial

Background: Observational studies have suggested that accelerated surgery is associated with improved outcomes in patients with a hip fracture. The HIP ATTACK trial assessed whether accelerated surgery could reduce mortality and major complications. Methods: HIP ATTACK was an international, randomised, controlled trial done at 69 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with a hip fracture that required surgery and were aged 45 years or older were eligible. Research personnel randomly assigned patients (1:1) through a central computerised randomisation system using randomly varying block sizes to either accelerated surgery (goal of surgery within 6 h of diagnosis) or standard care. The coprimary outcomes were mortality and a composite of major complications (ie, mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, sepsis, pneumonia, life-threatening bleeding, and major bleeding) at 90 days after randomisation. Patients, health-care providers, and study staff were aware of treatment assignment, but outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation. Patients were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02027896). Findings: Between March 14, 2014, and May 24, 2019, 27 701 patients were screened, of whom 7780 were eligible. 2970 of these were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive accelerated surgery (n=1487) or standard care (n=1483). The median time from hip fracture diagnosis to surgery was 6 h (IQR 4\u20139) in the accelerated-surgery group and 24 h (10\u201342) in the standard-care group (p&lt;0\ub70001). 140 (9%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 154 (10%) assigned to standard care died, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0\ub791 (95% CI 0\ub772 to 1\ub714) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 1% ( 121 to 3; p=0\ub740). Major complications occurred in 321 (22%) patients assigned to accelerated surgery and 331 (22%) assigned to standard care, with an HR of 0\ub797 (0\ub783 to 1\ub713) and an ARR of 1% ( 122 to 4; p=0\ub771). Interpretation: Among patients with a hip fracture, accelerated surgery did not significantly lower the risk of mortality or a composite of major complications compared with standard care. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research