931 research outputs found
Effect of Kondo resonance on optical third harmonic generation
We use the method of dynamical mean field thoery, to study the effect of
Kondo resonance on optical third harmonic generation (THG) spectra of strongly
correlated systems across the metal-insulator transition. We find that THG
signals are proportional to the quasiparticle weight of the Kondo peak, and
are precursors of Mott-Hubbard gap formation.Comment: ICM 2006 (kyoto) proceedin
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Predicting population responses to environmental change from individual-level mechanisms: towards a standardized mechanistic approach
Animal populations will mediate the response of global biodiversity to environmental changes. Population models are thus important tools for both understanding and predicting animal responses to uncertain future conditions. Most approaches, however, are correlative and ignore the individual-level mechanisms that give rise to population dynamics. Here, we assess several existing population modelling approaches, and find limitations to both âcorrelativeâ and âmechanisticâ models. We advocate the need for a standardised mechanistic approach for linking individual mechanisms (physiology, behaviour and evolution) to population dynamics in spatially explicit landscapes. Such an approach is potentially more flexible and informative than current population models. Key to realising this goal, however, is overcoming current data limitations, the development and testing of eco-evolutionary theory to represent interactions between individual mechanisms, and standardised multidimensional environmental change scenarios which incorporate multiple stressors. Such progress is essential in supporting environmental decisions in uncertain future conditions
Large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity flow by the spectral element method
This paper presents the large-eddy simulation of the lid-driven cubic cavity
flow by the spectral element method (SEM) using the dynamic model. Two spectral
filtering techniques suitable for these simulations have been implemented.
Numerical results for Reynolds number are showing very good
agreement with other experimental and DNS results found in the literature
Reaction dynamics in Pb+Pb at the CERN/SPS: from partonic degrees of freedom to freeze-out
We analyze the reaction dynamics of central Pb+Pb collisions at 160
GeV/nucleon. First we estimate the energy density pile-up at mid-rapidity and
calculate its excitation function: The energy density is decomposed into
hadronic and partonic contributions. A detailed analysis of the collision
dynamics in the framework of a microscopic transport model shows the importance
of partonic degrees of freedom and rescattering of leading (di)quarks in the
early phase of the reaction for E > 30 GeV/nucleon. The energy density reaches
up to 4 GeV/fm^3, 95% of which are contained in partonic degrees of freedom. It
is shown that cells of hadronic matter, after the early reaction phase, can be
viewed as nearly chemically equilibrated. This matter never exceeds energy
densities of 0.4 GeV/fm^3, i.e. a density above which the notion of separated
hadrons loses its meaning. The final reaction stage is analyzed in terms of
hadron ratios, freeze-out distributions and a source analysis for final state
pions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of the Erice School on Nuclear
Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy, September 17 -25 1998; to be published in
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Vol. 4
Volterra Series Truncation and Kernel Estimation of Nonlinear Systems in the Frequency Domain
The Volterra series model is a direct generalisation of the linear convolution integral and is capable of displaying the intrinsic features of a nonlinear system in a simple and easy to apply way. Nonlinear system analysis using Volterra series is normally based on the analysis of its frequency-domain kernels and a truncated description. But the estimation of Volterra kernels and the truncation of Volterra series are coupled with each other. In this paper, a novel complex-valued orthogonal least squares algorithm is developed. The new algorithm provides a powerful tool to determine which terms should be included in the Volterra series expansion and to estimate the kernels and thus solves the two problems all together. The estimated results are compared with those determined using the analytical expressions of the kernels to validate the method. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the method, the physical parameters of the system are also extracted from the measured kernels. Simulation studies demonstrates that the new approach not only can truncate the Volterra series expansion and estimate the kernels of a weakly nonlinear system, but also can indicate the applicability of the Volterra series analysis in a severely nonlinear system case
Nonparametric nonlinear model predictive control
Model Predictive Control (MPC) has recently found wide acceptance in industrial applications, but its potential has been much impeded by linear models due to the lack of a similarly accepted nonlinear modeling or databased technique. Aimed at solving this problem, the paper addresses three issues: (i) extending second-order Volterra nonlinear MPC (NMPC) to higher-order for improved prediction and control; (ii) formulating NMPC directly with plant data without needing for parametric modeling, which has hindered the progress of NMPC; and (iii) incorporating an error estimator directly in the formulation and hence eliminating the need for a nonlinear state observer. Following analysis of NMPC objectives and existing solutions, nonparametric NMPC is derived in discrete-time using multidimensional convolution between plant data and Volterra kernel measurements. This approach is validated against the benchmark van de Vusse nonlinear process control problem and is applied to an industrial polymerization process by using Volterra kernels of up to the third order. Results show that the nonparametric approach is very efficient and effective and considerably outperforms existing methods, while retaining the original data-based spirit and characteristics of linear MPC
The pressure of hot QCD up to g^6 ln(1/g)
The free energy density, or pressure, of QCD has at high temperatures an
expansion in the coupling constant g, known so far up to order g^5. We compute
here the last contribution which can be determined perturbatively, g^6 ln(1/g),
by summing together results for the 4-loop vacuum energy densities of two
different three-dimensional effective field theories. We also demonstrate that
the inclusion of the new perturbative g^6 ln(1/g) terms, once they are summed
together with the so far unknown perturbative and non-perturbative g^6 terms,
could potentially extend the applicability of the coupling constant series down
to surprisingly low temperatures.Comment: 18 pages. Small clarifications added. To appear in Phys.Rev.
Modeling quark-hadron duality for relativistic, confined fermions
We discuss a model for the study of quark-hadron duality in inclusive
electron scattering based on solving the Dirac equation numerically for a
scalar confining linear potential and a vector color Coulomb potential. We
qualitatively reproduce the features of quark-hadron duality for all potentials
considered, and discuss similarities and differences to previous models that
simplified the situation by treating either the quarks or all particles as
scalars. We discuss the scaling results for PWIA and FSI, and the approach to
scaling using the analog of the Callan-Gross relation for y-scaling.Comment: 38 pages, 21 figure
The pressure of QCD at finite temperatures and chemical potentials
The perturbative expansion of the pressure of hot QCD is computed here to
order g^6ln(g) in the presence of finite quark chemical potentials. In this
process all two- and three-loop one-particle irreducible vacuum diagrams of the
theory are evaluated at arbitrary T and mu, and these results are then used to
analytically verify the outcome of an old order g^4 calculation of Freedman and
McLerran for the zero-temperature pressure. The results for the pressure and
the different quark number susceptibilities at high T are compared with recent
lattice simulations showing excellent agreement especially for the chemical
potential dependent part of the pressure.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures; text revised, one figure replace
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