Tribology Evaluation of Jatropha as a New Environmental Source of Lubricant

Lubricant oils play an important role in manufacturing processes for reducing friction and wear between contact surface parts at different speeds, loads and temperature. The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oil, but this source is being reduced from day to day and it is a major source for environmental pollution in the world. This research as a comparative study of friction, wear and viscosity was carried out on Jatropha oil and engine oil-based commercial lubricating oil. Wear and friction were measured with four balls Tribotester and CCD camera according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, speed (1200 rpm), load (392N) and temperature 75° C. Results show that Jatropha oil has a better condition in friction and wear instead of engine oil with base lubricant

Tribology Evaluation of Jatropha as a New Environmental Source of Lubricant

Lubricant oils play an important role in manufacturing processes for reducing friction and wear between contact surface parts at different speeds, loads and temperature. The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oil, but this source is being reduced from day to day and it is a major source for environmental pollution in the world. This research as a comparative study of friction, wear and viscosity was carried out on Jatropha oil and engine oil-based commercial lubricating oil. Wear and friction were measured with four balls Tribotester and CCD camera according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard, speed (1200 rpm), load (392N) and temperature 75° C. Results show that Jatropha oil has a better condition in friction and wear instead of engine oil with base lubricant

The tribological characteristics of the cactus and mineral oil blends using four-ball tribotester

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23μm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 μm and mineral oil at 546.46 μm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil

Palm Fatty Acid as a New Renewable Source for Industrial Lubricant

The sources of petroleum are being reduced from day to day and petroleum is a major source of environmental pollution. Many researchers are trying to find other alternatives, namely renewable and green energy sources to substitute the petroleum in every sector. One of the best alternative sources for petroleum is bio oils. In this paper, a comparative study of friction and wear was carried out using four balls tester. Palm Fatty Acid distillate (PFAD) and additive free paraffinic mineral oil were used as lubricants. PFAD is a product from refined crude palm oil. It exists in light brown solid at room temperature. For the wear test, the research was done with two kinds of oils under ASTM condition in which applied load is 392N. The sliding speed was 1200rpm under lubricant temperature of 75 degree Celsius. The experiment was r un for 3600 seconds. The experimental results demonstrated that the PFAD exhibited better performance in terms of friction and wear compared to paraffinic mineral oil

The Behavior of Treated Metal Curvature Cup: Improving Friction in Hard on Hard Sliding Contact

AbstractThis research investigated the tribology on the metal curvature surface in lubricated of palm olein to determine pits capability friction in hard on hard sliding contact. The study was performed using a four-ball tribotester with holder cup modified and digital microscope. The sliding friction between untreated and treated curve cup were evaluated. The experiment was conducted of constant parameters as speed; load and time under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), number D 4172. To evaluate lubricant ability all results of this research were compared to findings regarding mineral oil. For qualitative analysis worn wear on the curvature cup without applying lubricant to the sample. The results showed that, the measured friction was low significantly influenced by the treated curvature surface embedded with pits and palm olein as potential anti-friction bio-lubricant

Tribological investigations on the application of oil-miscible ionic liquids additives in modified Jatropha-based metalworking fluid

This paper studies the applications of modified Jatropha oil-based (MJO) lubricant as potential vegetable-based metalworking fluids, containing additives of two oil-miscible ionic liquids; [P66614][Phosphinate] (PIL) and [N1888][NTf2] (AIL) at 1%, 5%, and 10% weight concentration. The lubricant samples are validated for corrosion, four ball tribology and tapping torque experiments. Using optical microscope, profilometer, AFM, SEM, EDS and XPS analysis, worn surfaces were investigated. The lubrication performance of MJOþAIL10% and MJOþPIL1% samples provide competitive lubrication performance to that other lubricant samples used herein. They have shown improved corrosion inhibition, superior friction reduction, lower worn surface area, excellent surface finish and increased tapping torque efficiency. These superior tribological results correspond to the metal oxide tribofilm formation and anti-corrosion behavior of MJOþAIL10% sample

Investigation of micro-pits formation on billet surfaces in plane strain extrusion

Extrusion is a process of pushing a material through a die to yield a desired cross-section product. The application of surface texture has become well known for enhancing tribological performance. In this research, the effect of micro-pits embedded on a work piece lubricated with vegetable oil using plain strain extrusion were studied and compared with those seen with mineral-based oil lubricant. The experiments were conducted at room temperature (around 27ºC). A taper die with a 60 die half-angle, with micro-pits array, was prepared. Test lubricants used were paraffinic mineral oil (PMO) VG460 and VG95 and refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm stearin. The results were analysed to determine the extrusion load and the billet’s surface roughness and plastic deformation. RBD palm stearin was recorded as having the highest extrusion load (83.15 kN)

Tribological behaviour of refined bleached and deodorized palm olein in different loads using a four-ball tribotester

AbstractVegetable oil is one of the bio-oils that have been promoted to replace petroleum-based products due to its eco- friendly characteristics. Palm oil has high productivity rate, and so it could fulfil the demand for a bio-lubricant. In this paper, the influence of the normal load on friction and wear performance were investigated for a RBD palm olein and compared with paraffinic mineral oil using four-ball tribotester. The normal load was varied from 30 kg to 60 kg. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D 4172. The results exhibited that the RBD palm olein has lower coefficient of friction compared to paraffinic mineral oil. However, the wear scar of ball bearings lubricated with RBD palm olein showed larger diameter compared to paraffinic mineral oil. As a conclusion, RBD palm olein has better performance compared to paraffinic mineral oil in terms of capability to reduce friction

A new approach to cold extrusion process: Dimples indentation on sliding contact surface and palm oil as an alternative lubricant

Surface texturing is one of the economic solutions to die modification if compared with tool change and hot works. In extrusion die design, it has become increasingly common to add dimples to maintain lubricant flow along the metal forming process. For that reason, this research was done by embedding dimples in a tapered die sliding contact surface to explore its effectiveness in a finished product of cold extrusion process. Besides, an alternative lubricant from palm oil was also tested, and mineral oil was used for comparison purposes. As a result, dimpled tapered die may help decrease the extrusion load of cold extrusion process, leading to ner surface roughness of extruded product. Palm oil-based lubricant also presents similar results to those of mineral oil, meaning that palm oil has a potential to be considered as a new metal forming lubricant in the future