39 research outputs found
Respiration driven CO2 pulses dominate Australia's flux variability
The Australian continent contributes substantially to the year-to-year
variability of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. However, the
scarcity of in-situ observations in remote areas prevents deciphering the
processes that force the CO2 flux variability. Here, examining atmospheric CO2
measurements from satellites in the period 2009-2018, we find recurrent
end-of-dry-season CO2 pulses over the Australian continent. These pulses
largely control the year-to-year variability of Australia's CO2 balance, due to
2-3 times higher seasonal variations compared to previous top-down inversions
and bottom-up estimates. The CO2 pulses occur shortly after the onset of
rainfall and are driven by enhanced soil respiration preceding photosynthetic
uptake in Australia's semi-arid regions. The suggested continental-scale
relevance of soil rewetting processes has large implications for our
understanding and modelling of global climate-carbon cycle feedbacks.Comment: 28 pages (including supplementary materials), 3 main figures, 7
supplementary figure
Democracy in trade unions, democracy through trade unions?
Since the Webbs published Industrial Democracy at the end of the nineteenth century, the principle that workers have a legitimate voice in decision-making in the world of work – in some versions through trade unions, in others at least formally through separate representative structures – has become widely accepted in most west European countries. There is now a vast literature on the strengths and weaknesses of such mechanisms, and we review briefly some of the key interpretations of the rise (and fall) of policies and structures for workplace and board-level representation. We also discuss the mainly failed attempts to establish broader processes of economic democracy, which the eclipse of nationally specific mechanisms of class compromise makes again a salient demand. Economic globalization also highlights the need for transnational mechanisms to achieve worker voice (or more radically, control) in the dynamics of capital-labour relations. We therefore examine the role of trade unions in coordinating pressure for a countervailing force at European and global levels, and in the construction of (emergent?) supranational industrial relations. However, many would argue that unions cannot win legitimacy as democratizing force unless manifestly democratic internally. We therefore revisit debates on and dilemmas of democracy within trade unions, and examine recent initiatives to enhance democratization
What determines the motivation for further training? Results from a factorial survey among jobseekers
Arbeitsmarktflexibilisierung und Ungleichheit: Der Wandel der Risikomuster befristeter Beschäftigung in Westdeutschland
Transitional labour markets in action: new developments in the Dutch vocational education and training market
Electronic and surfactant effects of As interlayers at AgInP (110) interfaces
The effect of an intermediate arsenic monolayer on the evolution of an AgInP (110) interface has been studied using high resolution photoemission. The interface reaction is suppressed by the intermediate layer very effectively. Part of the As layer segregates on top of the growing Ag film and acts as a surfactant during the initial stages of the growth. The growth mode during the initial stages of the silver film formation is changed from island to Stranski—Krastanov-like growth. There is an increase of the Schottky barrier by 0.1 eV due to the As interlayer. Experimental results of Schottky barrier heights are discussed in terms of both reaction-induced defect formation and theoretical predictions regarding dangling bond saturation