Предикторы летального исхода у пациентов с сочетанием туберкулеза, с устойчивостью к рифампицину, и ВИЧ-инфекции

The objective: to identify and rank the predictors of lethal outcome in patients with tuberculosis resistance to at least rifampicin and concurrent HIV infection (TB-R/HIV).Subjects and methods. 130 cases TB-R/HIV notified in Rostov Region in 2017-2018 were included in an observational retrospective cohort study. Two cohorts were formed: cohort A consisted of 31 patients with a documented fatal outcome within 12 months after registration for treatment, cohort B included 99 patients didn't die at least during the first year after registration for treatment. At the first stage of the study, the statistical significance of differences of certain signs in patients of cohorts A and B was determined. The signs with confirmed statistical significance of differences were included in the second stage of the study, during which their sensitivity as predictors of lethal outcome was determined. For this, automated artificial neural networks were used.Results. The following can be used as predictors of lethal outcome for TB-R/HIV patients (in decreasing order of significance): homelessness (people who have no place of residence), addiction to alcohol or drugs, interruption of anti-TB chemotherapy in the past, low body mass index, low hemoglobin level, including anemia (but not severe), low level of CD4 T-lymphocytes (the prognosis is especially unfavorable with less than 100 cells/μl). The level of total protein may also be a potential predictor, however, the selection criteria for this indicator require further clarification.Цель исследования: выявить и ранжировать по значимости предикторы летального исхода у пациентов с туберкулезом, с устойчивостью как минимум к рифампицину, и ВИЧ-инфекцией (ТБ-Р/ВИЧ).Материалы и методы. В обсервационном ретроспективном когортном исследовании изучены сведения о 130 случаях ТБ-Р/ВИЧ, зарегистрированных в Ростовской области в 2017-2018 гг. Из них сформировано две когорты: когорта А ‒ 31 пациент с зарегистрированным наличием летального исхода в течение 12 мес. после регистрации для лечения, когорта Б ‒ 99 пациентов, у которых летальный исход не возник по крайней мере в течение первого года после регистрации для лечения. На первом этапе исследования определяли статистическую значимость различий тех или иных признаков у пациентов когорт А и Б. Признаки, для которых установлена статистическая значимость различий, были включены во второй этап исследования, на котором определяли их чувствительность как предикторов летального исхода. Для этого использовали метод автоматизированных искусственных нейронных сетей.Результаты. В качестве предикторов летального исхода у больных ТБ-Р/ВИЧ могут быть использованы (в порядке убывания значимости): отсутствие места жительства (лица без определенного места жительства), наличие зависимости от алкоголя или наркотиков, прерывание предшествующего курса противотуберкулезной химиотерапии в анамнезе, низкий индекс массы тела, низкая концентрация гемоглобина, включая наличие (но не выраженность) анемии, малое число СD4 Т-лимфоцитов (особенно неблагоприятный прогноз при числе менее 100 кл/мкл). Потенциальным предиктором может быть также уровень общего белка, однако критерии отбора данного признака нуждаются в уточнении

Differential effects of low and high doses of taxol in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells: possible implication of the PIN1 prolyl isomerase

To study the molecular mechanisms of dose-dependent effects of an anticancer drug, Taxol, on the cell cycle machinery and apoptosis-related proteins in thyroid anaplastic cancer cell lines ARO and KTC-2. Materials and Methods: Western blot analysis was used for the detection of various proteins and of their phosphorylated forms. Results: Low dose of Taxol that cause apoptosis (25 nM) enhanced Rb protein phosphorylation, decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors р27KIP1 and p21WAF1, and potentiated the accumulation of phosphorylated p53 and of the prolyl isomerase Pin1. High Taxol doses (100 and 1000 nM) that cause necrosis-like cell death drastically decreased Pin1 level in both cell lines. Conclusion: Low doses of Taxol promoted G1/S transition, thus exhibiting mitogen-like effect. Drug-induced Pin1 accumulation could probably facilitate this transition and in parallel contribute to apoptosis via the p53/p73-dependent mechanism. At higher doses of Taxol, there was a dramatic decrease of Pin1 levels which may be a reason for G2/M cell cycle arrest.Цель: изучить молекулярный механизм дозозависимых эффектов противоопухолевого препарата таксола на клеточный цикл и ассоциированные с апоптозом белки в клетках линий ARO и KTC-2 анапластического рака щитовидной железы. Материалы и методы: для количественного анализа содержания различных белков и их фосфорилированных форм использовали Вестерн блоттинг. Результаты: при действии таксола в дозе 25 нмоль/л, которая вызывает апоптоз клеток ARO и KTC-2, отмечается усиление фосфорилирования белка Rb, снижение экспрессии ингибиторов циклинзависимых киназ р27KIP1 и p21WAF1, а также накопление фосфорилированного р53 и пролил-изомеразы Pin1. Высокие дозы таксола (100 и 1000 нмоль/л), вызывающие некрозоподобную гибель клеток, заметно снижают уровень Pin1 в обеих клеточных линиях. Выводы: низкие дозы таксола способствуют переходу из G1 в S-фазу клеточного цикла, что свидетельствует о митогенподобном действии препарата. Индуцированное таксолом накопление изомеразы Pin1, возможно, облегчает этот переход и параллельно участвует в апоптотических процессах через p53/p73-зависимый механизм. При более высоких дозах препарата отмечают существенное снижение уровня Pin1, что может быть одной из причин задержки клеточного цикла на стадии G2 /M

Method of calculation and selection of design parameters and operational characteristics of the spiral expander

The paper proposes a method for calculating the main design parameters and operational characteristics of the HPEC using the Helmholtz equations of state. N-pentane, freon R11, and acetone were considered as the working fluid. The calculations were performed using the CoolProp 6.3.0 library. It was found that the most profitable for HPEC operating on the Rankin cycle with low-potential sources is n-pentane. LD expander operation and mass flow rate of the working fluid are calculated. The calculations were performed using the freely distributed open source library CoolProp 6.3.

Effects of Paclitaxel and combination of the drug with radiation therapy in an in vivo model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Aim of this article is to study the effects of Paclitaxel (Ptx), γ-irradiation (IR) and their combination on the growth of xenografted tumors derived from undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells

A unified framework for domain adaptive pose estimation

While pose estimation is an important computer vision task, it requires expensive annotation and suffers from domain shift. In this paper, we investigate the problem of domain adaptive 2D pose estimation that transfers knowledge learned on a synthetic source domain to a target domain without supervision. While several domain adaptive pose estimation models have been proposed recently, they are not generic but only focus on either human pose or animal pose estimation, and thus their effectiveness is somewhat limited to specific scenarios. In this work, we propose a unified framework that generalizes well on various domain adaptive pose estimation problems. We propose to align representations using both input-level and output-level cues (pixels and pose labels, respectively), which facilitates the knowledge transfer from the source domain to the unlabeled target domain. Our experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance under various domain shifts. Our method outperforms existing baselines on human pose estimation by up to 4.5 percent points (pp), hand pose estimation by up to 7.4 pp, and animal pose estimation by up to 4.8 pp for dogs and 3.3 pp for sheep. These results suggest that our method is able to mitigate domain shift on diverse tasks and even unseen domains and objects (e.g., trained on horse and tested on dog). Our code will be publicly available at: https://github.com/VisionLearningGroup/UDA_PoseEstimation.N00014-19-1-2571 - Department of Defense/ONRhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19827-4_35First author draf

Graph Adaptive Knowledge Transfer for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Unsupervised domain adaptation has caught appealing attentions as it facilitates the unlabeled target learning by borrowing existing well-established source domain knowledge. Recent practice on domain adaptation manages to extract effective features by incorporating the pseudo labels for the target domain to better solve cross-domain distribution divergences. However, existing approaches separate target label optimization and domain-invariant feature learning as different steps. To address that issue, we develop a novel Graph Adaptive Knowledge Transfer (GAKT) model to jointly optimize target labels and domain-free features in a unified framework. Specifically, semi-supervised knowledge adaptation and label propagation on target data are coupled to benefit each other, and hence the marginal and conditional disparities across different domains will be better alleviated. Experimental evaluation on two cross-domain visual datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our designed approach on facilitating the unlabeled target task learning, compared to the state-of-the-art domain adaptation approaches

Scalable Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Electron Microscopy

While Machine Learning algorithms are key to automating organelle segmentation in large EM stacks, they require annotated data, which is hard to come by in sufficient quantities. Furthermore, images acquired from one part of the brain are not always representative of another due to the variability in the acquisition and staining processes. Therefore, a classifier trained on the first may perform poorly on the second and additional annotations may be required. To remove this cumbersome requirement, we introduce an Unsupervised Domain Adaptation approach that can leverage annotated data from one brain area to train a classifier that applies to another for which no labeled data is available. To this end, we establish noisy visual correspondences between the two areas and develop a Multiple Instance Learning approach to exploiting them. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach over several baselines for the purpose of synapse and mitochondria segmentation in EM stacks of different parts of mouse brains

Методика эффективного обучения техники в единоборствах

У статті представлена методика ефективного навчання і вдосконалення техніки в єдиноборствах з використанням математичної матриці навчання.In the article methodology of the effective educating and perfection of technique is presented in sporting single combats with the use of mathematical matrix of educating.В статье представлена методика эффективного обучения и совершенствования техники в спортивных единоборствах с использованием математической матрицы обучения

Esophageal Lichen Planus as a Cause of Dysphagia: Literature Review and Clinical Observation

Aim: to analyze the literature data, and to raise awareness of doctors of various specialties about the methods of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal lichen planus (ELP).Key points. In a 67-year-old female patient with complaints of difficulty swallowing solid food and weight loss, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed subcompensated stenosis of the middle third of the esophagus and signs of fibrinous esophagitis. Based on the characteristics of the endoscopic picture and the detection of apoptotic Ciwatt bodies in esophageal biopsies, a diagnosis of ELP was established. Treatment with glucocorticosteroids led to relief of symptoms and positive endoscopic dynamics. ELP is rare and the least studied, data on this disease in the literature are presented mainly in the form of clinical observations and analysis of series of cases. Typical clinical manifestations include dysphagia and odynophagia. Despite the low prevalence, ELP can be associated with serious complications: stenosis and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic examination reveals characteristic signs in the esophagus: swelling, thickening and increased vulnerability of the mucosa, often with fibrin, formation of membranes and strictures. The histological picture is represented by epithelial dyskeratosis with exfoliation, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration. The most specific histological sign is the presence of apoptotic Civatte bodies. Recommendations for the treatment of ELP are limited to the results of a series of clinical observations and include the prescription of systemic corticosteroids. The issue of supportive therapy is the least studied.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data and the clinical case demonstrate that lichen planus of the esophagus is one of the rare causes of dysphagia. Characteristic endoscopic and histological signs are key for the diagnosis. The management of patients with esophageal lichen planus is insufficiently defined and today includes taking of glucocorticosteroids, endoscopic dilation of stricture and dynamic endoscopic observation, given the high risk of squamous cell carcinoma in this category of patients

ImageCLEF 2014: Overview and analysis of the results

This paper presents an overview of the ImageCLEF 2014 evaluation lab. Since its first edition in 2003, ImageCLEF has become one of the key initiatives promoting the benchmark evaluation of algorithms for the annotation and retrieval of images in various domains, such as public and personal images, to data acquired by mobile robot platforms and medical archives. Over the years, by providing new data collections and challenging tasks to the community of interest, the ImageCLEF lab has achieved an unique position in the image annotation and retrieval research landscape. The 2014 edition consists of four tasks: domain adaptation, scalable concept image annotation, liver CT image annotation and robot vision. This paper describes the tasks and the 2014 competition, giving a unifying perspective of the present activities of the lab while discussing future challenges and opportunities.This work has been partially supported by the tranScriptorium FP7 project under grant #600707 (M. V., R. 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