Pharmacological Or Genetic Targeting Of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels Can Disrupt The Planarian Escape Response

In response to noxious stimuli, planarians cease their typical ciliary gliding and exhibit an oscillatory type of locomotion called scrunching. We have previously characterized the biomechanics of scrunching and shown that it is induced by specific stimuli, such as amputation, noxious heat, and extreme pH. Because these specific inducers are known to activate Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in other systems, we hypothesized that TRP channels control scrunching. We found that chemicals known to activate TRPA1 (allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and hydrogen peroxide) and TRPV (capsaicin and anandamide) in other systems induce scrunching in the planarian species Dugesia japonica and, except for anandamide, in Schmidtea mediterranea. To confirm that these responses were specific to either TRPA1 or TRPV, respectively, we tried to block scrunching using selective TRPA1 or TRPV antagonists and RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown. Unexpectedly, co-treatment with a mammalian TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031, enhanced AITC-induced scrunching by decreasing the latency time, suggesting an agonistic relationship in planarians. We further confirmed that TRPA1 in both planarian species is necessary for AITC-induced scrunching using RNAi. Conversely, while co-treatment of a mammalian TRPV antagonist, SB-366791, also enhanced capsaicin-induced reactions in D. japonica, combined knockdown of two previously identified D. japonica TRPV genes (DjTRPVa and DjTRPVb) did not inhibit capsaicin-induced scrunching. RNAi of DjTRPVa/DjTRPVb attenuated scrunching induced by the endocannabinoid and TRPV agonist, anandamide. Overall, our results show that although scrunching induction can involve different initial pathways for sensing stimuli, this behavior’s signature dynamical features are independent of the inducer, implying that scrunching is a stereotypical planarian escape behavior in response to various noxious stimuli that converge on a single downstream pathway. Understanding which aspects of nociception are conserved or not across different organisms can provide insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms to better understand pain sensation

Assessment of Interleukin 1-β in Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes has been identified as an immune-mediated disease characterised by poor insulin signaling and selective death of insulin-producing cells, with cytokines playing a key role. Disturbance of the antiinflammatory response could be a key component of the type 2 diabetes-causing chronic inflammation. The cytokine family interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a key function in endocrinology and the regulation of inflammatory stress responses.Objective: The aim of this work is to assess the role of interleukin 1β, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (controlled and uncontrolled) compared to healthy individuals.Patients and Methods: A case control study was conducted on 80 adults, ranging from 25-60 year old, attending the endocrine or internal medicine clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital. They were divided into 3 groups :Group (1): 30 controlled type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic. Group (2): 30 recently uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients over the last 6 months, on oral hypoglycemic. Group (3): 20 healthy individuals.Results: Serum IL-1β was significantly increased in recently uncontrolled diabetics than controlled diabetics and normal subjects. Serum IL-1β was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2 hours post prandial (2 hrs PP), glycosylated Hemoglobin (HBA1C), triglycerides (TG) and HOMA IR and there was a negative correlation with high density lipoproteins (HDL). Conclusion: The significant difference in the level of interleukin 1β among the studied groups highlights an implication of interleukin 1β in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic patients

Modulational instability of ion-acoustic wave packets in quantum pair-ion plasmas

Amplitude modulation of quantum ion-acoustic waves (QIAWs) in a quantum electron-pair-ion plasma is studied. It is shown that the quantum coupling parameter $H$ (being the ratio of the plasmonic energy density to the Fermi energy) is ultimate responsible for the modulational stability of QIAW packets, without which the wave becomes modulational unstable. New regimes for the modulational stability (MS) and instability (MI) are obtained in terms of $H$ and the positive to negative ion density ratio $\beta$. The growth rate of MI is obtained, the maximum value of which increases with $\beta$ and decreases with $H$. The results could be important for understanding the origin of modulated QIAW packets in the environments of dense astrophysical objects, laboratory negative ion plasmas as well as for the next generation laser solid density plasma experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science

A Synthesis of Hidden Subgroup Quantum Algorithms and Quantum Chemical Dynamics

We describe a general formalism for quantum dynamics and show how this formalism subsumes several quantum algorithms including the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa, Bernstein-Vazirani, Simon, and Shor algorithms as well as the conventional approach to quantum dynamics based on tensor networks. The common framework exposes similarities among quantum algorithms and natural quantum phenomena: we illustrate this connection by showing how the correlated behavior of protons in water wire systems that are common in many biological and materials systems parallels the structure of Shor's algorithm

IVIG (Immunoglobulin) as an Adjuvant Therapy in COVID-19

COVID-19 viral disease appeared in China in December 2019 and then spread around the world, affecting millions and causing the death of thousands of people. Its danger in simple and easy infection transmission methods. Some believe that it has moved from the bat to the human and its symptoms are high temperature, dry cough and difficulty breathing, and symptoms vary from person to person, as they may not appear on some and be severe in others.  Laboratory, in COVID-19 the rate of D-dimer increase so we recommended using of Enoxaparin sodium to raise the level of liquidity in the blood, thereby reducing the chance of thrombosis and reducing the value of D-dimer. In COVID-19 also we find the PO2 decrease in arterial blood gas analysis, increase liver enzyme levels, increase ferritin value and decrease the No of lymphocyte. Low percentage of lymphocytes is one of the predictions for infection with COVID-19 virus. Lymphocytes originate from the bone marrow and include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. COVID-19 binds to lymphocyte receptors and destroys them. In this case, we recommend using immunoglobulin to maintain these cells as an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19

Nonlinear structures: explosive, soliton and shock in a quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasma

Theoretical and numerical studies are performed for the nonlinear structures (explosive, solitons and shock) in quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasmas. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation method is employed to the quantum hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. The latter has been solved using the generalized expansion method to obtain a set of analytical solutions, which reflect the possibility of the propagation of various nonlinear structures. The relevance of the present investigation to the white dwarfs is highlighted.Comment: 7 figure

Histological Evaluation of A unilateral Critical-Sized Mandibular Defect Reconstruction using human dental pulp stem cells by Light Microscope and Real-Time Quantitative PCR

Objective: To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from the dental pulp of third molar teeth in vitro cultures, and to evaluate the bone regenerative capacity of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) when transplanted into a unilateral critical-sized bone defect in the mandibular bone in vivo after receiving a hydroxyapatite matrix and polylactic-polyglycolic acid (HA/PLGA) scaffold. Material and methods: A total of 18 mandibular defects were made, and three groups (each n = 6) were created. The first group: the transplanted DPSCs implanted in the critical-sized bone defect after receiving (HA/PLGA) scaffold. The second group received only (HA/PLGA) scaffold. The third group, which served as the control, had a critical-sized defect left empty. After characterization, Von Kossa [VK] and Alizarin red staining were employed to identify differentiated osteoblasts at the 14th and 21st days, and histological analyses, as well as polymerase chain reactions (PCR), were also used. Results: It showed that DPSCs had high proliferation potential and typical fibroblastic shape. Additionally, osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs was validated by morphological alterations, histological examination, and the expression of lineage-specific genes confirmed osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Conclusion: High proliferation potential and the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts are two characteristics of DPSCs taken from impacted third molars

Laparoscopic management of a large torted ovarian cyst in an adolescent virgin: a case report

We report a case of a torted mature cystic teratoma in a 23-year-old, sexually inactive, virgin female which necessitated immediate laparoscopy. The patient and her family stressed that the integrity of the hymen must be maintained at any cost, for cultural reasons. We opted out of our routine intravaginal preparation for laparoscopic surgery to honor the patient’s request to maintain the integrity of the hymen. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was accomplished, and the specimen was removed using a large nephrectomy endobag. Here, we describe techniques that are useful for this procedure, including the use of gauze attached to ovum forceps to manipulate the uterus through the rectum, and a review of the literature