H/D Isotopic Exchange and Electrochemical Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation on Ni-Cermets with Oxygen-Ionic and Protonic Electrolytes

Ni–Zr0.82Y0.18O1.91 (YSZ) and Ni–La0.90Sr0.10ScO2.95 (LSS) cermets for solid oxide and protonic ceramic electrochemical cells were studied by means of H/D isotope exchange with the gas phase equilibration method for the first time. The experiments were carried out at 2 mbar of dry hydrogen in the temperature range of 400–800 ᵒC. The three parallel channels of hydrogen surface exchange were found to exist in both Ni-YSZ and Ni-LSS cermets. The mechanism of hydrogen isotope exchange for Ni-YSZ was found to be temperature independent, while, in the case of Ni-LSS, the mechanism changed with temperature and was more complicated at lower temperatures (400–600 °C). It was revealed that hydrogen spillover was the rate-determining step for both cermets. The electrochemical kinetics of hydrogen oxidation were studied on symmetric cells with a YSZ supported electrolyte and Ni-YSZ electrodes and with an LSS supported electrolyte and Ni-LSS electrodes in a wet (3 vol % H 2O) hydrogen atmosphere at 1 atm. The mechanism of hydrogen oxidation on the Ni-LSS electrode differs from that of the Ni-YSZ electrode. It changes with temperature and is also more complicated at a lower temperature range. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.This work is supported by the State Assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation [No. AAAA-A19-119020190078-6 ], and the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement [No. 02. A03.21.0006 ]. The facilities of the Shared Access Centre “Composition of Compounds” and Unique Scientific Setup “Isotopic Exchange” of IHTE UB RAS were used. The authors are grateful D.M. Solodyankina and A.Yu. Stroeva for support in the preparation of samples

Clinical and functional features and quality of life in depressive disorders in patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and functional parameters and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), depending on the presence of a depressive disorder in long-term postoperative period.Material and methods. The study included 182 patients with CTEPH in the long term after surgery. Depending on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 ( PHQ-9) data, all patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group — patients without depressive syndrome in the long-term postoperative period, the 2nd — patients with depressive syndrome. A comparative assessment of the initial clinical and functional characteristics, as well as QoL was carried out using the SF-36 questionnaire in both groups of patients. In patients who had a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comparative assessment using the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale was carried out.Results. Clinically relevant depressive syndrome in patients with CTEPH in the long term after surgery was registered in 25,3% of cases. In the 2nd group of patients, prior myocardial infarction (p=0,02), concomitant chronic cerebrovascular disease (p=0,01), as well as moderate and severe post-COVID-19 functional limitations according to the PCFS scale (p=0,004) were significantly more often recorded compared with the 1st group. In the 2nd group of patients, the level of QoL in almost all parameters was significantly lower in comparison with the 1st group (p<0,05). Decreased QoL (score <40) in the 2nd group concerned numerous parameters, including the physical and mental health components. In the 1st group of patients, reduced QoL was observed only in some physical parameters.Conclusion. The group of patients with CTEPH with depressive syndrome in the long-term postoperative period was characterized by a higher incidence of concomitant chronic cerebrovascular disease and a history of myocardial infarction compared with patients without depressive disorders. In the group of patients with depressive disorders, moderate and severe post-COVID-19 functional limitations according to the PCFS scale were more often observed. Depressive disorders in patients with CTEPH in the long-term postoperative period were accompanied by significantly reduced QoL parameters. Patients experienced the greatest difficulties both during normal daily activities and in professional activities

Oxygen diffusion and surface exchange kinetics for the mixed-conducting oxide La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ

Received: 14.11.2018. Accepted: 11.12.2018. Published: 31.12.2018.Studies of oxygen surface exchange kinetics for La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ oxide were performed using the technique of isotopic exchange of molecular oxygen with analysis of gas phase isotopic composition in a static circulation system at the temperatures of 600–800 °С in the oxygen pressure range of 0.27–2.13 kPa. The values of interphase exchange rate and oxygen diffusion coefficient were determined. The effective activation energies for oxygen exchange and diffusion processes as well as the exponents in the dependence of these values versus oxygen pressure in the double logarithmic coordinates were calculated. The process of oxygen dissociative adsorption at the surface of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ oxide was found to be the rate-determining stage.This work is partly supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17‑73‑10196) using facilities of shared access center “Composition of Compounds” of IHTE UB RAS

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и результаты реваскуляризации миокарда: взаимосвязь с качеством жизни

Aim. To assess the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the outcomes of myocardial revascularisation and the self-reported quality of life (QoL) during long-term follow-up. Methods. This prospective cohort study included 454 consecutive patients who underwent scheduled myocardial revascularisation. The follow-up continued for 3 years after the surgery. All patients underwent pulmonary functional tests before the surgery. The diagnosis of COPD was verified according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. QoL assessment was performed before and 3 years after the surgery using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results. In the study group, the diagnosis of COPD was verified in 14.5% of cases. The mortality rate was 5%, and was significantly higher in patients with COPD. The baseline QoL level was reduced in all patients, regardless of the presence of COPD, with an average of 50 points both in the physical and mental health scores of the SF-36 questionnaire. COPD had a significant negative impact on the QoL physical health score after myocardial revascularisation (odds ratio (OR) 0.95 (0.91 - 0.99), p = 0.043). The forced expiratory volume in the first second (OR 1.02 (1.00 - 1.07), p = 0.048) and new-onset atrial fibrillation in the early postoperative period (OR 0.54 (0.33 - 0.88), p = 0,036) were predictors of lack of QoL improvement. COPD did not correlate with the changes in the psychoemotional component of QoL. Conclusion. COPD has an independent negative impact on the clinical outcomes of myocardial revascularisation, including survival and health-related QoL (physical health score). Thereby, preoperative assessment of the respiratory function is important in these patients.Целью исследования явилась оценка влияния хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) на результаты реваскуляризации миокарда (РМ) и качество жизни (КЖ) пациентов в долгосрочном периоде наблюдения. Материалы и методы. В проспективное когортное исследование включены пациенты (n = 454) с ишемической болезнью сердца, госпитализированные для проведения плановой РМ. Период наблюдения составил 3 года после вмешательства. До хирургического лечения у пациентов проводились легочные функциональные тесты. Диагноз ХОБЛ верифицирован в соответствии с критериями Глобальной инициативы диагностики лечения и профилактики ХОБЛ (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)). Оценка КЖ проводилась до и через 3 года после хирургического вмешательства по данным опросника SF-36. Результаты. Диагноз ХОБЛ верифицирован в 14,5 % случаев. Смертность при 3-летнем наблюдении после РМ составила 5 % со значительным преобладанием среди пациентов с ХОБЛ. Независимо от наличия ХОБЛ, исходно сниженный уровень КЖ отмечен у всех кардиохирургических пациентов по шкале SF-36 (физический и психоэмоциональный компоненты КЖ). Установлено значимое негативное влияние ХОБЛ на динамику КЖ после РМ по шкале физического компонента КЖ (отношение шансов (ОШ) — 0,95 (0,91—0,99); р = 0,043). Предикторами отсутствия положительной динамики КЖ также явились такие показатели, как объем форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОШ — 1,02 (1,00—1,07); р = 0,048) и впервые возникшая в раннем послеоперационном периоде фибрилляция предсердий (ОШ - 0,54 (0,33-0,88); р = 0,036). В данном исследовании не показано значимой связи ХОБЛ с динамикой психоэмоционального компонента КЖ. Заключение. У пациентов, перенесших РМ, ХОБЛ оказывает независимое негативное влияние на клинический исход, включая выживаемость и КЖ (физический компонент здоровья), при этом подчеркивается важность предоперационной оценки функции внешнего дыхания у пациентов кардиохирургического профиля

Влияние нейровегетативной защиты мозга на основные показатели системной гемодинамики и течение острейшего периода инсульта

For the study of effect neurovegetative blockade of the brain on the course of an stroke in the acute period was carried out noninvasion monitoring of the basic parameters systems haemodinamic and a vegetative homeostasis with use of Kerdo Index at 110 patients with different types of stroke. The neurovegetative blockade having been started in the first day of the brain damage promotes the decrease of damaging reactions manifestations, normalization of vegetative homeostasis and promonting more favourable course of acute period stroke and its prognosis.С целью определения влияния нейровегетативной защиты мозга на течение острейшего периода инсульта проведен неинвазивный мониторинг основных показателей системной гемодинамики и вегетативного тонуса с использованием индекса Кердо у 110 больных с различными типами инсульта на нейрореанимационном этапе. Нейровегетативная блокада, начатая с 1-х сут инсульта, способствует снижению выраженности повреждающих реакций, стабилизации гемодинамики, нормализации вегетативного тонуса и благоприятному течению и исходу острейшего периода инсульта

РАССТРОЙСТВА ТРЕВОЖНО-ДЕПРЕССИВНОГО СПЕКТРА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕГОЧНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ В ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ СРОКИ ПОСЛЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ

HighlightsThe article presents the analysis of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients who were followed as outpatients after surgery for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the long term, taking into account the study during the COVID–19 pandemic.The prevalence of clinically pronounced anxiety disorders in the group was 10.9%, depression - 18.6%, a combination of anxiety-depressive disorders was noted in 10.3% of cases.Multifactorial analysis revealed that the development of severe anxiety disorders in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the long term is associated with a complicated postoperative course. Independent risk factors for clinically pronounced depressive disorders in these patients were older age, a history of cerebral circulation disorders, as well as pronounced post-COVID-19 functional disorders. Aim. To study the frequency and severity of anxiety-depressive disorders in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in the long term after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and to identify factors affecting their development.Methods. 156 patients with CTEPH were examined in the long term after surgery using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) questionnaire GAD-7 and the Beck`s Depression Inventory. In patients who suffered COVID-19, a “Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale” (PCFS) was used to measure functional status over time after COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of clinically pronounced GAD and depression in the long-term period after surgery.Results. In patients with CTEPH, clinically significant GAD and depression in the long term after surgery were observed in 10.9 and 18.6% of cases, respectively. A combination of anxiety and depressive disorders was noted in 10.3% of patients. The development of GAD was associated with cardiopulmonary insufficiency in the early postoperative period (ОR 3,1; CI 1,2–13,8; p = 0,009). Clinically pronounced depression was associated with older age (ОR 1,3; CI 1,04–2,0; p = 0,02), chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency (ОR 7,6; CI 1,8–17,5; p = 0,02) and pronounced post-COVID-19 functional neurological disorders according to the PCFS scale (ОR 6,7; CI 1,9–14,5; p = 0,007). The combination of clinically expressed anxiety and depression was correlated with older age (ОR 1,1; CI 1,02–1,3; p = 0,04).Conclusion. The prevalence of clinically pronounced GAD in the group was 10.9%, depression was 18.6%, and a combination of anxiety and depressive disorders was noted in 10.3% of patients. The development of clinically significant GAD is associated with a complicated course of cardiac surgery. Independent risk factors for clinically significant depression were older age, a history of cerebral circulatory disorders and pronounced post-COVID-19 functional neurological disorders.Основные положенияСтатья посвящена изучению тревожных и депрессивных расстройств у пациентов диспансерной группы наблюдения с хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензией в отдаленные сроки после хирургического вмешательства с учетом проведения исследования в период пандемии COVID-19.Распространенность клинически выраженных тревожных расстройств в изучаемой группе составила 10,9%, депрессии – 18,6%, сочетание тревожно-депрессивных расстройств зарегистрировано в 10,3% случаев.Многофакторный анализ показал, что развитие выраженных тревожных расстройств у пациентов с хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензией в отдаленные сроки после хирургического вмешательства ассоциировано с осложненным течением операции. Независимыми факторами риска клинически выраженных депрессивных расстройств у данных пациентов явились старший возраст, нарушения мозгового кровообращения в анамнезе, а также выраженные постковидные функциональные нарушения. Цель. Изучить частоту и тяжесть тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у пациентов с хронической тромбоэмболической легочной гипертензией (ХТЛГ) в отдаленные сроки после тромбэндартерэктомии из легочной артерии и выявить факторы, влияющие на их развитие.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 156 пациентов с ХТЛГ в отдаленные сроки после операции с помощью опросника генерализованного тревожного расстройства (ГТР) GAD-7 и шкалы депрессии Бека. У больных, перенесших COVID-19, проведена оценка по шкале постковидного функционального статуса (PCFS). С помощью логистического регрессионного анализа выявлены предикторы клинически выраженных ГТР и депрессии в отдаленный период после операции.Результаты. У больных ХТЛГ клинически значимые ГТР и депрессия в отдаленный период после операции наблюдались в 10,9 и 18,6% случаев соответственно. Сочетание тревожно-депрессивных расстройств отмечено у 10,3% пациентов. Развитие клиники ГТР ассоциировано с сердечно-легочной недостаточностью в раннем послеоперационном периоде (ОШ 3,1; ДИ 1,2–13,8; p = 0,009). Клинически выраженная депрессия ассоциирована с более старшим возрастом (ОШ 1,3; ДИ 1,04–2,0; p = 0,02), хронической недостаточностью мозгового кровообращения (ОШ 7,6; ДИ 1,8–17,5; p = 0,02) и выраженными постковидными нарушениями функционального статуса по шкале PCFS (ОШ 6,7; ДИ 1,9–14,5; p = 0,007). Сочетание клинически выраженной тревоги и депрессии взаимосвязано с более старшим возрастом (ОШ 1,1; ДИ 1,02–1,3; p = 0,04).Заключение. Распространенность клинически выраженных ГТР в изучаемой группе составила 10,9%, депрессии – 18,6%, сочетание тревожно-депрессивных расстройств зарегистрировано у 10,3% пациентов. Развитие клинически значимых ГТР ассоциировано с осложненным течением кардиохирургического вмешательства. Независимыми факторами риска клинически значимой депрессии явились старший возраст, нарушения мозгового кровообращения в анамнезе и выраженные постковидные функциональные нарушения

Effect of the neurovegetative blockade on haemodinamic parameters and the course of acute period of stroke

For the study of effect neurovegetative blockade of the brain on the course of an stroke in the acute period was carried out noninvasion monitoring of the basic parameters systems haemodinamic and a vegetative homeostasis with use of Kerdo Index at 110 patients with different types of stroke. The neurovegetative blockade having been started in the first day of the brain damage promotes the decrease of damaging reactions manifestations, normalization of vegetative homeostasis and promonting more favourable course of acute period stroke and its prognosis