Tendencies of interaction between Russian universities and companies implementing innovative development programs

The main aim of this article is to analyze key indicators and trends of global innovative development and their role in development. Attention is given to the consideration of several mechanisms of interaction between universities and state companies, with concrete measures and steps that can be used in economic policy. The authors analyze the real experience of the Russian economy now. Based on collected data for the total volume of R&D, revenues and the number of patents, regression models were constructed to determine the relationship between the named indicators. Recommendations and innovative ideas to improve the economic policy are given to achieve the goals and to justify the use of mechanisms of "compulsion to innovate" in state companies for the implementation of more productive development programs.peer-reviewe

Новые подходы к управлению ценами на транспортные услуги

Development of new approaches to formation of analytics mechanisms for the purpose of pricing management of services is an important aspect of increasing the efficiency of transport management processes.Research aimed at improving the tools for determining the optimal parameters of the ratio of quality and price of service for formation of a competitive and efficient tariff policy continues to remain relevant and in demand in modern market conditions. The objective of the study, presented in the article, is to analyse and evaluate the prospects for implementation of the areas to improve the apparatus for assessing the price elasticity of demand for railway passenger transport services as the transition to the use of non-linear parameters in terms of customer behaviour modelling functions, as well as introduction of the most effective algorithms from the set of modern global mathematical optimisation tools.The research conclusions are based on the use of system analysis mechanisms, methods of economic and mathematical modelling and optimisation, as well as of non-parametric statistics tools.The results based on the use of an array of data on the demand of passengers of branded trains include: a comparative assessment of quality of modelling the price elasticity of demand using 15 functions that are nonlinear in terms of parameters; the most promising tools of the search for unknown parameters for non-smooth nonlinear functions for modelling the behaviour of railway customers are identified based on a three-stage procedure for comparative analysis of the performance of more than 60 optimisation algorithms (including the calculation of minima and medians for the sums of squares of modelling errors, bootstrap analysis, Kruskal– Wallace and Mann–Whitney tests, as well as the calculation of a metric specially developed by the authors for assessing the degree of superiority of one algorithm over another within the framework of non-parametric analysis).The findings seem able to be successfully used in relation to other modes of transport in solving similar problems of developing an effective toolkit for managing the prices of transport services.Важным аспектом повышения эффективности процессов управления на транспорте является развитие новых подходов к формированию механизмов аналитики для целей управления ценами услуг.В современных рыночных условиях продолжают оставаться актуальными и востребованными исследования, направленные на совершенствование инструментария определения оптимальных параметров соотношения качества и стоимости обслуживания для формирования конкурентоспособной и эффективной тарифной политики.Цель исследования, представленного в статье, – анализ и оценка перспектив реализации таких направлений по совершенствованию аппарата оценки ценовой эластичности спроса на услуги железнодорожного пассажирского транспорта, как переход к использованию нелинейных по параметрам функций моделирования поведения клиентов, а также внедрение наиболее эффективных алгоритмов из арсенала современного инструментария глобальной математической оптимизации.Формирование выводов исследования основывается на применении механизмов системного анализа, методов экономико-математического моделирования и оптимизации, а также инструментария непараметрической статистики.В итоге, на основе использования массива данных о спросе пассажиров фирменных поездов проведена сравнительная оценка качества моделирования ценовой эластичности спроса при использовании 15 нелинейных по параметрам функций, а также, в результате осуществления трёхэтапной процедуры сравнительного анализа эффективности работы более чем 60 алгоритмов оптимизации (включающей, в том числе, расчёт минимумов и медиан для сумм квадратов ошибок моделирования, бутстреп-анализ, тесты Краскела–Уоллеса и Манна–Уитни, а также расчёт специально разработанной авторами метрики оценки степени превосходства одного алгоритма над другим в рамках непараметрического анализа) определены наиболее перспективные механизмы поиска неизвестных параметров для негладких нелинейных функций моделирования поведения клиентов железнодорожного транспорта.Представляется, что полученные выводы могут быть успешно использованы и применительно к другим видам транспорта при решении ими аналогичных задач формирования эффективного инструментария управления ценами транспортных услуг

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ БИЗНЕС-АНАЛИТИКИ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ НА ТРАНСПОРТЕ

Development of business intelligence is an important area of efficiency growth when solving urgent issues of improving transport management processes. The business intelligence is a source of objective and clear information necessary for management to make decisions. This is particularly pertinent when business intelligence is applied in railway transport for comparative analysis of contribution of regional and local divisions and units to the overall activity of railway infrastructure or operation company. In Russia, in the case of JSC Russian Railways there is a great need for assessment of the efficiency of regional corporate management centers whose responsibility is to coordinate activity within theboundaries of railways which are branches of the company.The objective of the article is to present new methodological and practical aspects of designing and development of business intelligence tools for the process of economic assessment of share contribution of each railway (considered as a set of structural units within the regional corporate management center) to the results of the activity of JSC Russian Railways.The research while developing and justifying the proposed methodological apparatus used tools for system analysis, methods of decomposition and synthesis, methodology of economic and mathematical modelling, fundamentals of information design theory, as well as methods of factor analysis. As a result, within the framework of improving the business analytics apparatus for complex economic processes as applied to transport management systems, the paper suggests a methodological apparatus for development of multi-stage factor analysis (MFA) based on application of the hierarchical construction principle and the provisions of the root cause analysis (RCA) methodology, comprising integrated mechanisms for visualizing the results of analytical work by shaping chains of information panels, combined into tree structures, according to the principles of building mind maps.The suggested methodological apparatus approved by the considered case may also be applied to a widerange of similar problems in other modes of transport, multimode and combined transportation. При решении актуальных вопросов совершенствования процессов управления на транспорте важным направлением роста эффективности является развитие бизнес-аналитики, являющейся источником объективной и наглядной информации, необходимой менеджменту для принятия решений. Одной из актуальных сфер её применения на железнодорожном транспорте является сравнительный анализ вклада локальных и региональных подразделений в совокупную деятельность железнодорожной инфраструктурной или операторской компании.В случае ОАО «РЖД» чрезвычайно востребованной является оценка эффективности деятельности региональных центров корпоративного управления, в зоне ответственности которых находится координация деятельности в границах железных дорог – филиалов компании. Целью статьи является изложение новых методических и практических аспектов формирования и развития инструментария бизнес-аналитики процесса построения экономических оценок долевого вклада каждой железной дороги (рассматриваемой как совокупность структурных подразделений в составе регионального центра корпоративного управления) в результаты деятельности ОАО «РЖД».При разработке и обосновании предлагаемого методического аппарата использованы: инструментарий системного анализа, приёмы декомпозиции и синтеза, методология экономико-математического моделирования, положения теории информационного дизайна, а также методы факторного анализа.В итоге, в рамках совершенствования аппарата бизнес-аналитики комплексных экономических процессов применительно к системам управления на транспорте, предложен методический аппарат формирования многоступенчатого факторного анализа (МФА) на основе применения иерархического принципа построения и положений методологии анализа основной причины (RCA, Root Cause Analysis), включающий интегрированные механизмы визуализации результатов аналитической работы за счёт формирования цепочек информационных панелей, объединяемых в древовидные структуры, согласно принципам построения интеллекткарт. Данный методический аппарат, апробированный к рассмотренному в статье кейсу, может быть применён и к широкому кругу других аналогичных задач, относящихся к различным видам транспорта, мульти- и интермодальнымперевозкам

Concept of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Legal Procedure

Objective: elucidating the potential of digital transformation for elaborating the optimal means and methods of collecting evidences and introducing scientific organization of labor of the officials implementing criminal procedure. The scientific approach within the concept consists in minimizing the costs of collecting evidentiary information in criminal cases in electronic form and by electronic means, as well as storing the criminal case materials in electronic form.Methods: dialectic method occupies the leading position among the research methods, the issues of electronic documentation being considered in the interaction and interdependence with information-technological development of the society. The set of scientific cognition methods within the research creates prerequisites for objective and comprehensive approach to the problems under study.Results: the authors’ concept of electronic evidence is a system of information-technological and legal views on the criminal-procedural form, which is intended for optimizing the process of collecting, registering and preserving them in the criminal case materials. The concept development is aimed at elaborating new approaches to organizing the work of investigation agencies and courts, taking into account the achievements in the sphere of information technologies, providing new techniques of collecting criminal-relevant, criminal-procedural, criminological significant information when investigating and hearing of a criminal case. The proposed concept is also aimed at improving interaction and in-service communication of the officials of the preliminary investigation bodies with the officials of information-technological systems for the purposes of collecting evidentiary information in electronic form.Scientific novelty: the changes were systemically analyzed, which are taking place in the contemporary information society, through the prism of the emerging problems between the sectoral criminal-procedural evidentiary law and more modern technological means of collecting evidentiary information. The article demonstrates a new approach to creating technological interaction using digital technologies, on the scientific base of organization of proving activity, intended to optimize and rationalize the process of proving in criminal procedure.Practical significance: the research materials can be used to prepare proposals on making changes and additions in the current legislation with a view of implementing the practice of already functioning models of criminal-procedural activity of foreign countries, an inexhaustible potential of information-technologies, software, and artificial intelligence to rationalize proving in criminal cases

Evolution of microstructure in stainless martensitic steel for seamless tubing

Scanning electron microscopy with orientation analysis by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method is used to study microstructures and textures formed in the 0.08C-13Cr-3Ni-Mo-V-Nb steel through seamless tube production route: after hot deformation by extrusion; after quenching from various temperatures and subsequent high tempering. It is shown that the martensitic microstructure formed both after hot deformation and after quenching is characterized by the presence of deformation crystallographic texture, which is predetermined by the texture of austenite. The effect of heat treatment on texture, packet refinement, lath width, precipitation of carbides and Charpy impact energy is analyzed. © 2017 Author(s).The work was done using the equipment of the laboratory of Structural Methods of Analysis and Properties of materials and nanomaterials of the Collective Use Center affiliated to Ural Federal University. The study was supported by the program of increasing the competitiveness of the leading Russian universities, RF Government resolution No. 211, contract No. 02.А03.21.0006. We are grateful to the TMK company for their support and assistance in organizing the study

The effect of accelerated cooling on the structure of pipe steels for thermomechanical controlled processing

Scanning electron microscopy with orientation analysis by the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method is used to study microstructures and textures formed in low-carbon low-alloy pipe steel after thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) and subsequent quenching with cooling rates of 50 to 700 °/s. It has been established that, in the range of industrial rates of cooling between 50 and 350 °/s from austenitic regions, the γ→α transformation starts at temperatures of 700-670 °C and proceeds by the shear mechanism. As a result, a bainite structure of different dispersity with martensitic inclusions is predominantly formed. © 2018 Author(s)

Uranium stripping from tri-n-butyl phosphate by hydrogen peroxide solutions

The processes of uranium stripping from 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in "odorless" kerosene by H2O2 solutions both with and without NH4OH added were investigated in the temperature range of 20-50 C and with a volumetric ratio of 1 between the organic and aqueous phases. The uranium was selectively precipitated in the form of uranium peroxide during stripping from the organic phase by hydrogen peroxide. The stripping of uranium increased with increasing H2O2 content, increasing temperature and increasing concentration of NH3 in the range of 0-15 g/L. The use of a heated solution (40 C) that contained 4 mol H 2O2/mol U and NH3 12 g/L resulted in 99.7% of the uranium being stripped from TBP in the form of uranium peroxide. The uranium peroxide obtained by stripping is a highly pure product that exists in two different hydrated forms: UO4в̂™4H2O (92 mass %) and UO4в̂™2H2O. The mean particle diameter was 20.75 μm. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the organic phase was studied by IR spectroscopy. No structural changes in TBP were observed after 30 cycles of extraction/stripping; thus, the use of hydrogen peroxide in this application is unrestricted. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Effect of Structure and Texture on Failure of Pipe Steel Sheets produced by TMCP

The method of orientation microscopy (EBSD) is used to study the structure and texture of low-carbon, low-alloy pipe steel sheets processed by controlled thermomechanical processing (TMCP). The temperatures of isothermal hot rolling varied. Samples cut from sheets showed a different fracture tendency during mechanical testing. The formation of cleavages (secondary cracks) during failure of steel is related to the presence of ferrite grains with orientation {001} <110> extended in the hot rolling direction. The formation of grains is a consequence of the isothermal hot rolling below the temperature