Prerequisites for the development of employment and career centers in the system of higher education

Modern graduates of educational institutions of higher education (hereinafter referred to as OOVO) demonstrate a significant level of anxiety, which is due to the difficulties of finding a job, possible employment. They do not have the skills of behavior in relation to the labor market, as well as the effective use of technologies for search and employment [2, 9, 12]. Therefore, many CSOs are increasingly beginning to pay attention to a set of issues to promote employment, as well as the adaptation of graduates in the national and regional labor markets. The purpose of this article is to theoretically substantiate and develop an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of employment and career centers at higher educational institutions. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists and specialists in the field of labor economics and management theory. In solving theoretical and practical problems of ensuring effective employment and career planning, general scientific research methods, methods of systematic and comparative analysis, expert assessments, strategic planning, organization and management of volunteer activities were used The article formulates a comprehensive scientific approach to solving the problems of regulatory, economic, social, organizational and managerial, personnel, scientific and methodological, information technology, logistical and service support for the activities of the Center for Employment and Career at an economic higher educational institution with the involvement of volunteers. The main program measures for the development of the Center have been identified in accordance with the stages of the employment and career management process, which make it possible to form the contours of programs and at the same time develop roadmaps for the development of the Center for the next planning period. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the theoretical substantiation and development of an organizational and economic mechanism for the development of employment and career centers at higher educational institutions, which allows, on the basis of comparable development of the volunteer movement and network mentoring, to effectively manage the processes of labor market and employment research, professional development, vocational guidance, career planning and employment of graduates of the The article offers practical recommendations that will allow economic organizations to improve the organizational structure and ways of forming strategies for the development of employment and career centers; use a system of indicators for evaluating the activities and development of these centers; organize the training of volunteers to work in the centers and develop programs for the development of centers taking into account the specifics of the labor market and employment; monitor the employment of graduates

Antagonist potential of Trichoderma indigenous isolates for biological control of Phytophthora palmivora the causative agent of black pod disease on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Côte d’Ivoire

The biodiversity of Trichoderma isolates from cocoa rhizosphere in cocoa production areas of Côte d’Ivoire, and their antagonist potential with Phytophthora palmivora using in vitro assays and bioassays, were investigated and screened for field trials. A total of 135 isolates were analysed at the species level by using sequence analysis of ITS1 and 2 of the rRNA region and a fragment of translation elongation factor 1a (tef1) gene. Sixty-four isolates were identified as T. virens, 60 as T. harzianum, 7 as T. spirale, two as T. asperellum and two unidentified. Forty-three Trichoderma isolates were in vitro confronted with P. palmivora on agar plates, and their antagonist activity was further evaluated by the damages on leaf discs and detached pods. Twenty-five isolates reduced the mycelial growth of P. Palmivora more than 50%. The isolate T17 assigned to T .virens was the best to reduce mycelium growth upto 97.9%. All of Trichoderma isolates with the exception of isolate T39 reduced foliar sensitivity to P. palmivora. Tweenty-six Trichoderma isolates reduced the pod sensitivity to P. palmivora more than 50%. Based on the combined analysis, T. virens T7, T. harzianum T40, T. asperellum T54 and T. spirale T4 isolates were selected for field trials

Impact of light on Hypocrea jecorina and the multiple cellular roles of ENVOY in this process

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In fungi, light is primarily known to influence general morphogenesis and both sexual and asexual sporulation. In order to expand the knowledge on the effect of light in fungi and to determine the role of the light regulatory protein ENVOY in the implementation of this effect, we performed a global screen for genes, which are specifically effected by light in the fungus <it>Hypocrea jecorina </it>(anamorph <it>Trichoderma reesei</it>) using Rapid Subtraction Hybridization (RaSH). Based on these data, we analyzed whether these genes are influenced by ENVOY and if overexpression of ENVOY in darkness would be sufficient to execute its function.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cellular functions of the detected light responsive genes comprised a variety of roles in transcription, translation, signal transduction, metabolism, and transport. Their response to light with respect to the involvement of ENVOY could be classified as follows: (i) ENVOY-mediated upregulation by light; (ii) ENVOY-independent upregulation by light; (iii) ENVOY-antagonized upregulation by light; ENVOY-dependent repression by light; (iv) ENVOY-independent repression by light; and (v) both positive and negative regulation by ENVOY of genes not responsive to light in the wild-type. ENVOY was found to be crucial for normal growth in light on various carbon sources and is not able to execute its regulatory function if overexpressed in the darkness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The different responses indicate that light impacts fungi like <it>H. jecorina </it>at several cellular processes, and that it has both positive and negative effects. The data also emphasize that ENVOY has an apparently more widespread cellular role in this process than only in modulating the response to light.</p

Purifying selection and birth-and-death evolution in the class II hydrophobin gene families of the ascomycete Trichoderma/Hypocrea

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hydrophobins are proteins containing eight conserved cysteine residues that occur uniquely in mycelial fungi. Their main function is to confer hydrophobicity to fungal surfaces in contact with air or during attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces of hosts, symbiotic partners or themselves resulting in morphogenetic signals. Based on their hydropathy patterns and solubility characteristics, hydrophobins are divided into two classes (I and II), the latter being found only in ascomycetes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have investigated the mechanisms driving the evolution of the class II hydrophobins in nine species of the mycoparasitic ascomycetous genus <it>Trichoderma/Hypocrea</it>, using three draft sequenced genomes (<it>H. jecorina = T. reesei, H. atroviridis = T. atroviride; H. virens = T. virens</it>) an additional 14,000 ESTs from six other Trichoderma spp. (<it>T. asperellum, H. lixii = T. harzianum, T. aggressivum </it>var. <it>europeae, T. longibrachiatum</it>, <it>T</it>. cf. <it>viride</it>). The former three contained six, ten and nine members, respectively. Ten is the highest number found in any ascomycete so far. All the hydrophobins we examined had the conserved four beta-strands/one helix structure, which is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. In addition, a small number of these hydrophobins (HFBs)contained an extended N-terminus rich in either proline and aspartate, or glycine-asparagine. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a mosaic of terminal clades containing duplicated genes and shows only three reasonably supported clades. Calculation of the ratio of differences in synonymous vs. non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions provides evidence for strong purifying selection (<it>K</it>_<it>S</it>/<it>K</it>_{<it>a </it>}>> 1). A genome database search for class II HFBs from other ascomycetes retrieved a much smaller number of hydrophobins (2–4) from each species, and most were from Sordariomycetes. A combined phylogeny of these sequences with those of <it>Trichoderma </it>showed that the <it>Trichoderma </it>HFBs mostly formed their own clades, whereas those of other Sordariomycetes occurred in shared clades.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study shows that the genus <it>Trichoderma/Hypocrea </it>has a proliferated arsenal of class II hydrophobins which arose by birth-and-death evolution followed by purifying selection.</p

The Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) hypercellulolytic mutant RUT C30 lacks a 85 kb (29 gene-encoding) region of the wild-type genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The hypercellulolytic mutant <it>Hypocrea jecorina </it>(anamorph <it>Trichoderma reesei</it>) RUT C30 is the <it>H. jecorina </it>strain most frequently used for cellulase fermentations and has also often been employed for basic research on cellulase regulation. This strain has been reported to contain a truncated carbon catabolite repressor gene <it>cre1 </it>and is consequently carbon catabolite derepressed. To date this and an additional frame-shift mutation in the glycoprotein-processing β-glucosidase II encoding gene are the only known genetic differences in strain RUT C30.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present paper we show that <it>H. jecorina </it>RUT C30 lacks an 85 kb genomic fragment, and consequently misses additional 29 genes comprising transcription factors, enzymes of the primary metabolism and transport proteins. This loss is already present in the ancestor of RUT C30 – NG 14 – and seems to have occurred in a palindromic AT-rich repeat (PATRR) typically inducing chromosomal translocations, and is not linked to the <it>cre1 </it>locus. The mutation of the <it>cre1 </it>locus has specifically occurred in RUT C30. Some of the genes that are lacking in RUT C30 could be correlated with pronounced alterations in its phenotype, such as poor growth on α-linked oligo- and polyglucosides (loss of maltose permease), or disturbance of osmotic homeostasis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data place a general caveat on the use of <it>H. jecorina </it>RUT C30 for further basic research.</p

A glossy magazine discourse of the early twenty-first century as a tool of globalization: Sochi school of linguistics and rhetoric

The authors consider the discourse of a glossy magazine. They highlight the glossy magazine discourse, which appears in the framework of the General media discourse as an institutional discourse from the standpoint of the linguistical-rhetorical paradigm (LRP) of the Sochi scientific school. This type of discourse is a discursive process of a special type, acts as an explicit tool of globalization. The authors emphasize the novelty of this discourse in the context of its influence on the formation and transformation of the modern linguistic personality. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the fact that the glossy magazine discourse is the latest in terms of the chronology of the historical process. In addition, he actualizes the poly-ethno-socio-cultural and educational space (PESCES) of the beginning of the XXI century, on the example of glossy magazine discourse practices in Russia. For the first time, Glossy magazine discourse stimulates transformations in line with the leading trend of the formation of the "planetary language personality (PLP)" - globalization in the value orientations of the "philosophy of glamour"

Evolution and Ecophysiology of the Industrial Producer Hypocrea jecorina (Anamorph Trichoderma reesei) and a New Sympatric Agamospecies Related to It

BACKGROUND: Trichoderma reesei, a mitosporic green mould, was recognized during the WW II based on a single isolate from the Solomon Islands and since then used in industry for production of cellulases. It is believed to be an anamorph (asexual stage) of the common pantropical ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We combined molecular evolutionary analysis and multiple methods of phenotype profiling in order to reveal the genetic relationship of T. reesei to H. jecorina. The resulting data show that the isolates which were previously identified as H. jecorina by means of morphophysiology and ITS1 and 2 (rRNA gene cluster) barcode in fact comprise several species: i) H. jecorina/T. reesei sensu stricto which contains most of the teleomorphs (sexual stages) found on dead wood and the wild-type strain of T. reesei QM 6a; ii) T. parareesei nom. prov., which contains all strains isolated as anamorphs from soil; iii) and two other hypothetical new species for which only one or two isolates are available. In silico tests for recombination and in vitro mating experiments revealed a history of sexual reproduction for H. jecorina and confirmed clonality for T. parareesei nom. prov. Isolates of both species were consistently found worldwide in pantropical climatic zone. Ecophysiological comparison of H. jecorina and T. parareesei nom. prov. revealed striking differences in carbon source utilization, conidiation intensity, photosensitivity and mycoparasitism, thus suggesting adaptation to different ecological niches with the high opportunistic potential for T. parareesei nom. prov. CONCLUSIONS: Our data prove that T. reesei belongs to a holomorph H. jecorina and displays a history of worldwide gene flow. We also show that its nearest genetic neighbour--T. parareesei nom. prov., is a cryptic phylogenetic agamospecies which inhabits the same biogeographic zone. These two species thus provide a so far rare example of sympatric speciation within saprotrophic fungi, with divergent ecophysiological adaptations and reproductive strategies

Taxon-specific metagenomics of Trichoderma reveals a narrow community of opportunistic species that regulate each other’s development

In this paper, we report on the in situ diversity of the mycotrophic fungus Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea, Ascomycota, Dikarya) revealed by a taxon-specific metagenomic approach. We designed a set of genus-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and ITS2 rRNA primers and constructed a clone library containing 411 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). The overall species composition in the soil of the two distinct ecosystems in the Danube floodplain consisted of 15 known species and two potentially novel taxa. The latter taxa accounted for only 1.5 % of all MOTUs, suggesting that almost no hidden or uncultivable Hypocrea/Trichoderma species are present at least in these temperate forest soils. The species were unevenly distributed in vertical soil profiles although no universal factors controlling the distribution of all of them (chemical soil properties, vegetation type and affinity to rhizosphere) were revealed. In vitro experiments simulating infrageneric interactions between the pairs of species that were detected in the same soil horizon showed a broad spectrum of reactions from very strong competition over neutral coexistence to the pronounced synergism. Our data suggest that only a relatively small portion of Hypocrea/Trichoderma species is adapted to soil as a habitat and that the interaction between these species should be considered in a screening for Hypocrea/Trichoderma as an agent(s) of biological control of pests