17 research outputs found
Rather than resonance, flapping wing flyers may play on aerodynamics to improve performance
Saving energy and enhancing performance are secular preoccupations shared by
both nature and human beings. In animal locomotion, flapping flyers or swimmers
rely on the flexibility of their wings or body to passively increase their
efficiency using an appropriate cycle of storing and releasing elastic energy.
Despite the convergence of many observations pointing out this feature, the
underlying mechanisms explaining how the elastic nature of the wings is related
to propulsive efficiency remain unclear. Here we use an experiment with a
self-propelled simplified insect model allowing to show how wing compliance
governs the performance of flapping flyers. Reducing the description of the
flapping wing to a forced oscillator model, we pinpoint different nonlinear
effects that can account for the observed behavior ---in particular a set of
cubic nonlinearities coming from the clamped-free beam equation used to model
the wing and a quadratic damping term representing the fluid drag associated to
the fast flapping motion. In contrast to what has been repeatedly suggested in
the literature, we show that flapping flyers optimize their performance not by
especially looking for resonance to achieve larger flapping amplitudes with
less effort, but by tuning the temporal evolution of the wing shape (i.e. the
phase dynamics in the oscillator model) to optimize the aerodynamics
Eppur si muove, and yet it moves: Patchy (phoretic) swimmers
International audienceAdvances in colloidal synthesis allow for the design of particles with controlled patches. This article reviews routes towards colloidal locomotion, where energy is consumed and converted into motion, and its implementation with active patchy particles. A special emphasis is given to phoretic swimmers, where the self-propulsion originates from an interfacial phenomenon, raising experimental challenges and opening up opportunities for particles with controlled anisotropic surface chemistry and novel behaviors
Transitions agraires, dynamiques écologiques et conservation : le "corridor" Ranomafana-Andringitra (Madagascar) : actes du séminaire GEREM
Ecofriendly synthesis of ceria foam via carboxymethylcellulose gelation: application for the epoxidation of chalcone
A simple and innovative process is described for the ecofriendly preparation of ceria foams via carboxymethylcellulose gelation by Ce4+ cations; heat treatment of the ensuing xerogels produces ceria foams. The influence of the concentration of cerium and of the calcination temperature of the xerogels is studied. Several characterization methods have been used and the obtained results demonstrate that this technique allows the controlled growth of ceria foams. The foamy structure apparently is responsible for UV absorption, and the ceria foam is basic enough to promote the epoxidation of chalcone; comparison of the catalytic activity of the ceria foam versus ceria prepared via a coprecipitation method shows that the ceria foam is most active as it promotes epoxidation of electron-deficient alkenes with dilute aqueous hydrogen peroxide
Flexible fiber in interaction with a dense granular flow close to the jamming transition
We propose a new fluid/structure interaction in the unusual case of a dense granular medium flowing against an elastic fiber acting as a flexible intruder. We study experimentally the reconfiguration and the forces exerted on the flexible fiber produced by the flow at a constant and low velocity of a two-dimensional disordered packing of grains close but below the jamming transition