706 research outputs found
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant Pasteurella lipoprotein E and outer membrane protein H from Pasteurella multocida A:3 in mice
Cataloged from PDF version of article.Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3 is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, one of the causative agents of shipping fever of cattle. In this study, outer membrane protein H (ompH) and Pasteurella lipoprotein E (plpE) genes were cloned and plpEC-ompH fusion was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant PlpE, OmpH and PlpEC-OmpH fusion proteins were purified and formulated with oil-based and oil-based CpG ODN adjuvants. Antibody responses in mice vaccinated with recombinant PlpE and PlpEC-OmpH proteins formulated with both adjuvants were significantly (p<0.05) increased. However, a significant (p<0.05) increment in serum IFN-γ level was only observed upon immunization with oil-based CpG formulations. Protectivity of the vaccines were evaluated via intraperitoneal challenge of mice with 10 LD50 of P. multocida A:3. The recombinant proteins PlpE and PlpEC-OmpH fusion conferred 100% protection when formulated with oil-based CpG ODN while the protectivity was found to be 80% and 60%, respectively when only oil-based adjuvant was used in respective formulations. These findings indicated that the recombinant PlpE or PlpEC-OmpH fusion proteins formulated with oil-based CpG ODN adjuvant are possible acellular vaccine candidates against shipping fever. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Ä°zmirâAnkara suture as a Triassic to Cretaceous plate boundary â data from central Anatolia
The Ä°zmirâAnkara suture represents part of the boundary between Laurasia and Gondwana along which a wide Tethyan ocean was subducted. In northwest Turkey, it is associated with distinct oceanic subductionâaccretion complexes of Late Triassic, Jurassic and Late Cretaceous ages. The Late Triassic and Jurassic accretion complexes consist predominantly of basalt with lesser amounts of shale, limestone, chert, Permian (274 Ma zircon UâPb age) metagabbro and serpentinite, which have undergone greenschist facies metamorphism. ArâAr muscovite ages from the phyllites range from 210 Ma down to 145 Ma with a broad southward younging. The Late Cretaceous subductionâaccretion complex, the ophiolitic mĂ©lange, consists of basalt, radiolarian chert, shale and minor amounts of recrystallized limestone, serpentinite and greywacke, showing various degrees of blueschist facies metamorphism and penetrative deformation. ArâAr phengite ages from two blueschist metabasites are ca. 80 Ma (Campanian). The ophiolitic mĂ©lange includes large Jurassic peridotiteâgabbro bodies with plagiogranites with ca. 180 Ma UâPb zircon ages. Geochronological and geological data show that Permian to Cretaceous oceanic lithosphere was subducted north under the Pontides from the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. This period was characterized generally by subductionâaccretion, except in the Early Cretaceous, when subductionâerosion took place. In the Sakarya segment all the subduction accretion complexes, as well as the adjacent continental sequences, are unconformably overlain by Lower Eocene red beds. This, along with the stratigraphy of the Sakarya Zone indicate that the hard collision between the Sakarya Zone and the AnatolideâTauride Block took place in Paleocene
The Influence of Temperature and Drug Concentrations Prednisolone in NIPAAm Copolymer
Controlled delivery systems would be more beneficial and ideal if the drug could be delivered with respond to external environmental change. It could be used to overcome the shortcomings of conventional dosage forms. Therefore, the correct amount of drug would be released upon the stimulation of such a temperature and concentration change. The purpose of study is to investigate the influence of temperature and drug concentration from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-isopropylacrylamide)/poly(HEMA-NIPAAm). The macroporous structure 5HEMA15NIPAAm was showed the most rapid responsiveness in swelling ratio, polymer volume fraction, swelling and deswelling kinetics. The high drug loading capacity was achieved at or below ambient temperature, whilst the release profile was revealed sustain release of conventional anti-inflammatory drug; prednisolone 21 hemisuccinate sodium salt. In general, drug loading capacity and drug diffusion kinetics are influence by the porosity of hydrogels, temperature, and drug concentration
Trophic Characteristics of the Sapanca Lake (Turkey)
Systematic measurements of optical properties, concentrations of major and minor chemicals and primary production throughout 1989-1992 enabled us to identify the oligotrophic state of Sapanca lake, Marmara region, Turkey. Lake waters which have low concentrations of major anions and cations (total = 49 ΌM) overturn every February-March, ventilating the bottom waters and enriching the surface waters with nutrients. Surface waters cool down to 6.5 °C by late winter and then warm steadily to 26 °C by late summer, while temperatures in deep waters range between 6.5 and 10.0 °C throughout the year. When the seasonal thermocline develops, the dissolved oxygen profiles exhibit a subsurface maximum in the thermocline, while in the hypolimnion water, the content varies seasonally from 11.5-12.0 ppm (350-375 ΌM) in March to 0.5-1.7 ppm (16-56 ΌM) in late autumn. Surface nitrate concentrations vary markedly with season, from < 0.15 ΌM in summer to 5.7 ΌM in early March, whilst the bottom water concentrations range from 13.5-14.0 ΌM in late autumn to 5.7 ΌM after the winter overturn. Phosphate concentrations are always less than 0.1 ΌM throughout the entire water column. Subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum descends in late summer to 20-25 m depths, where the light intensity is less than 1% of the surface value. Below 10-15 m depths, corresponding to the upper thermocline, primary productivity is very low. The range was from 35 to 93 mg C/ m2 day-1 during 1989-1991, consistent with the values in other oligotrophic lakes
Analysis of Innovation and Energy Profiles in the Turkish Manufacturing Sector
We present Turkeyâs manufacturing-sector innovation data and, for the first
time, analyze likely relationships among GDP growth, sectoral innovation
intensities, energy consumptions, and energy-saving potentials. We detect a
power-law-like relationship between the projected energy-saving potentials and
realized energy consumptions of the manufacturing-sector groups. We observe
that the energy consumptions of the sectors do not change significantly despite
varying innovation levels during transitions from economic crisis and recovery
periods. We conclude that the Turkeyâs manufacturing sectorsâ energy
consumptions are insensitive to their innovation levels, or their innovation
activities are not energy-efficiency- and energy-saving-oriented, reflecting
Turkeyâs past supply-oriented energy policy. The leader innovating sectors are,
nevertheless, expected to contribute more to Turkeyâs energy-saving and energyefficiency
policies if their innovation potentials can be directed to achieve higher
energy savings and energy efficiencies via government incentives within the
agenda of the recent energy-efficiency and R&D laws
Hospital Malnutrition and Inflammatory Response in Critically Ill Children and Adolescents Admitted to a Tertiary Intensive Care Unit
Critical illness has a major impact on the nutritional status of both children and adults. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of hospital malnutrition at a pediatric tertiary intensive care unit (PICU). Serum concentrations of IL-6 in subgroups of well-nourished and malnourished patients were also evaluated in an attempt to identify those with a potential nutritional risk
Recommended from our members
The interplay between learner beliefs and foreign language anxiety: insights from the Turkish EFL context
Foreign language learning in classroom settings has long been found to be associated with anxiety (Horwitz, 1986). Though it is known that sources of foreign language anxiety are varied (Young, 1991), whether anxiety is related to learnersâ inherent beliefs about language learning is understudied. To this end, the present study examines the possible relationship between learner beliefs and language anxiety in the under-researched Turkish EFL context. A population of university-level Turkish EFL learners (n=153) completed the Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety scale (FLCAS). The underlying constructs in both instruments were explored using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). A series of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) tests were performed on the factor scores from both instruments. The findings revealed that fear of ambiguity was positively linked to classroom performance anxiety and negative feelings towards English. In addition, the more confident learners feel themselves using English, the more desire they seem to have to interact with native speakers. Overall, positive beliefs about language learning may be helpful in reducing anxiety and boosting confidence in language learning. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the complex psychology of language learning but also have important implications for instructed EFL/ESL settings
Monitorização da terapĂȘutica com vancomicina em recĂ©m-nascidos de termo com sepse, utilização e importĂąncia clĂnica
Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo para verificar se as doses habituais de vancomicina determinam concentraçÔes sĂ©ricas adequadas em 25 recĂ©m - nascidos de termo com sepse. OBJETIVOS: Avaliou-se a resposta terapĂȘutica da sepse neonatal por Staphylococcus sp., tratada com vancomicina, monitorizando alĂ©m de sua concentração sĂ©rica, o poder bactericida do soro (PBS) e a concentração inibitĂłria mĂnima (MIC). MĂTODO: Os nĂveis sĂ©ricos do antibiĂłtico foram obtidos atravĂ©s do imunoensaio por fluorescĂȘncia polarizada, o MIC atravĂ©s de micro-difusĂŁo em ĂĄgar, e o PBS foi obtido por macro-diluição em caldo. RESULTADOS: ConcentraçÔes sĂ©ricas no pico de vancomicina adequadas (20-40 mg/mL) ocorreram em 59,1% dos casos e um recĂ©m-nascido apresentou potencial risco de ototoxicidade (>;40 mg/mL). Em 48% dos pacientes ocorreram vales sĂ©ricos adequados (5-10 mg/mL) e 28% dos pacientes apresentaram potencial risco de nefrotoxicidade (>;10mg/mL). NĂŁo houve concordĂąncia significante entre a normalidade determinada pelo pico e vale de vancomicina no mĂ©todo (prova de McNemar: p=0,7905). A concentração sĂ©rica no pico de vancomicina foi comparada com a evolução clĂnica dos recĂ©m-nascidos com sepse neonatal, nĂŁo havendo diferença estatisticamente significante entre os picos sĂ©ricos dos pacientes que apresentaram boa e mĂĄ evolução (U=51,5; p=0,1947). TambĂ©m nĂŁo houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os vales sĂ©ricos dos pacientes que apresentaram boa e mĂĄ evolução clĂnica ( U= 77,0; p=0,1710). Todos os MICs obtidos demonstraram sensibilidade Ă vancomicina. Metade dos pacientes que apresentou PBS no vale adequado (1/8), tambĂ©m tiveram concentração sĂ©rica de vancomicina adequada e boa evolução clĂnica. CONCLUSĂES: A recomendação de doses de vancomicina para recĂ©m-nascidos de termo deve ser baseada no peso e na idade pĂłs-conceptual apenas para dar inĂcio Ă terapia antimicrobiana na sepse neonatal, nĂŁo existindo um padrĂŁo de doses ideal. Logo, a dose deve ser individualizada. A utilização desses dados laboratoriais com a clĂnica favorecem a elucidação da provĂĄvel causa da mĂĄ evolução do paciente, facilitando o ajuste da droga e a menor chance de efeitos tĂłxicos ou sub-terapĂȘuticos.A prospective study was conducted to determine if standardized vancomycin doses could produce adequate serum concentrations in 25 term newborn infants with sepsis. Purpose: The therapeutic response of neonatal sepsis by Staphylococcus sp. treated with vancomycin was evaluated through serum concentrations of vancomycin, serum bactericidal titers (SBT), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). METHOD: Vancomycin serum concentrations were determined by the fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique , SBT by the macro-broth dilution method, and MIC by diffusion test in agar . RESULTS: Thirteen newborn infants (59.1%) had adequate peak vancomycin serum concentrations (20--40 mg/mL) and one had peak concentration with potential ototoxicity risk (>;40 ”g/mL). Only 48% had adequate trough concentrations (5--10 mg/mL), and seven (28%) had a potential nephrotoxicity risk (>;10 ”g/mL). There was no significant agreement regarding normality for peak and trough vancomycin method (McNemar test : p = 0.7905). Peak serum vancomycin concentrations were compared with the clinical evaluation (good or bad clinical evolution) of the infants, with no significant difference found (U=51.5; p=0.1947). There was also no significant difference between the patients' trough concentrations and good or bad clinical evolution (U = 77.0; p=0.1710). All Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin according to the MIC. Half of the patients with adequate trough SBT (1/8), also had adequate trough vancomycin concentrations and satisfactory clinical evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Recommended vancomycin schedules for term newborn infants with neonatal sepsis should be based on the weight and postconceptual age only to start antimicrobial therapy. There is no ideal pattern of vancomycin dosing; vancomycin dosages must be individualized. SBT interpretation should be made in conjunction with the patient's clinical presentation and vancomycin serum concentrations. Those laboratory and clinical data favor elucidation of the probable cause of patient's bad evolution, which would facilitate drug adjustment and reduce the risk of toxicity or failing to achieve therapeutic doses
- âŠ