New criteria of morphological assessment of the prognosis of the prostate cancer

New criteria of morphological assessment of the prognosis of the patients with a prostate cancer recommended for application of WHO in 2016 are presented. Prospects of the offered criteria on material of the oncology clinic of Udmurtia are shown.В работе представлены новые критерии морфологической оценки прогноза пациентов с раком предстательной железы, рекомендованных к применению ВОЗ в 2016 году. Показана перспективность предложенных критериев на материале онкологического диспансера в Удмуртии

Сравнительный анализ результатов молекулярно-генетических и культуральных методов в определении лекарственной чувствительности микобактерий туберкулеза

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Manganese in atherogenesis: Detection, origin, and a role

The role of transition metal ions in atherogenesis is controversial; they may be involved in hydroxyl radical generation and can also catalyze the reactive oxygen species neutralization reaction as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. Using EPR spectroscopy, we revealed that 70% of aorta specimens with atherosclerotic lesions possessed superoxide dismutase activity, 100% of the specimens initiated Fenton reaction and demonstrated the presence of manganese paramagnetic centers. The sodA gene encoding manganese-dependent bacterial superoxide dismutase was not found in the samples of atherosclerotic plaques by PCR using degenerate primers. The data obtained indicate prospects of manganese analysis as a marker element in the express diagnostics of atherosclerosis. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011

Morphological diagnostics of adrenals tumors

The analysis of morphological diagnostic of adrenals tumors during 2013-2016 is provided. There were 20 men and 50 women. Average age of men 62,7, women – 51,7. Tumors of adrenal cortex met in 31 cases, a medullar – in 39 cases. The histological and the immunohistochemical research were conducted. Malignant tumors consists of 23 observations. For their assessment used the following criteria – a polymorphism of cells, an invasion of the capsule, vessels and perineural space, existence of the focus of a necrosis, size of a mitotic index, and also an index of proliferative activity (Ki 67). Grade- stading of tumors was carried out.Приведен анализ морфологической диагностики опухолей надпочечников за 2013-2016 годы. Мужчин было 20, женщин 50. Средний возраст мужчин составил 62,7, женщин – 51,7. опухоли коры встретились в 31 наблюдении, мозгового слоя – в 39. Проведено гистологическое и иммуногистохимическое исследование. Злокачественные опухоли составили 23 наблюдения. для их оценки использовали следующие критерии – полиморфизм клеток, инвазия капсулы, сосудов и периневрального пространства, наличие очагов некроза, величина митотического индекса, а также индекс пролиферативной активности (Ki 67). Проведено Grade- стадирование опухолей

Интраоперационная фотодинамическая терапия и гипертермическая внутрибрюшная химиотерапия при циторедуктивном хирургическом лечении больных диссеминированной муцинозной карциномой аппендикса

The article presents the experience of surgical treatment of 57 patients with peritoneal pseudomyxoma of appendicular genesis. In 32 (56.1%) patients, the operation was supplemented with intraoperative photodynamic therapy (IOPDT). In the other 25 (43.9%) patients, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was performed. The analysis according to the value of the peritoneal carcinomatosis index, completeness of cytoreduction, the volume of operations performed, postoperative complications and hospital mortality, as well as long-term treat- ment results in two groups is presented. It was shown that with significantly worse results in terms of cytoreduction completeness obtained in the IOPDT group compared to the HIPEC group, the 5-year survival rate in the HIPEC group was 86.6%, with IOPDT - 65.2%. At the same time, in the IOPDT group, the rate of postoperative complications was significantly lower (11.1%), and there was no mortality; in the HIPEC group, these indicators were 23.8% and 12.0%, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the IOPDT method is an effective and promising direction in the surgical treatment of peritoneal pseudomyxoma.В статье представлен опыт хирургического лечения 57 больных псевдомиксомой брюшины аппендикулярного генеза. У 32 (56,1%) пациентов операция дополнена интраоперационной фотодинамической терапией (ИОФДТ), у других 25 (43,9%) больных проведена гипертермическая внутрибрюшная химиотерапия (ГИВХ). Представлен анализ по величине индекса перитонеального канцероматоза, полноте циторедукции, обьему выполненных операций, послеоперационным осложнениям и госпитальной летальности, отдаленным результатам лечения в двух группах. Показано, что при достоверно худших результатах по показателям полноты циторедукции, полученных в группе ИОФДТ по сравнению с группой ГИВХ, 5-летняя выживаемость в группе с ГИВХ составила 86,6%, с ИОФДТ – 65,2%. При этом в группе ИОФДТ был достоверно ниже показатель послеоперационных осложнений (11,1%) и отсутствовала  летальность, в группе ГИВХ эти показатели составили 23,8% и 12,0%, соответственно. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что метод ИОФДТ является эффективным и перспективным для использования при хирургическом лечении псевдомиксомы брюшины

Manganese in atherogenesis: Detection, origin, and role

The role of transition metal ions in atherogenesis is controversial; they can participate in the hydroxyl radical generation and catalyze the reactive oxygen species neutralization reaction as cofactors of antioxidant enzymes. Using EPR spectroscopy, we revealed that 70% of the samples of aorta with atherosclerotic lesions possessed superoxide dismutase activity, 100% of the samples initiated Fenton reaction and demonstrated the presence of manganese paramagnetic centers. The sodA gene encoding manganese-dependent bacterial superoxide dismutase was not found in the samples of atherosclerotic plaques by PCR using degenerate primers. The data obtained indicates the perspectives of manganese analysis as a marker element in the express diagnostics of atherosclerosis

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Signaling Does Not Modulate Atherogenesis in Mice

BACKGROUND:Strong evidence supports a protective role of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB(2)) in inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, direct proof of its involvement in lesion formation is lacking. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the role of the CB(2) receptor in Murine atherogenesis. METHODS AND FINDINGS:Low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice subjected to intraperitoneal injections of the selective CB(2) receptor agonist JWH-133 or vehicle three times per week consumed high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 16 weeks. Surprisingly, intimal lesion size did not differ between both groups in sections of the aortic roots and arches, suggesting that CB(2) activation does not modulate atherogenesis in vivo. Plaque content of lipids, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, T cells, and collagen were also similar between both groups. Moreover, CB(2) (-/-)/LDLR(-/-) mice developed lesions of similar size containing more macrophages and lipids but similar amounts of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers compared with CB(2) (+/+)/LDLR(-/-) controls. While JWH-133 treatment reduced intraperitoneal macrophage accumulation in thioglycollate-elicited peritonitis, neither genetic deficiency nor pharmacologic activation of the CB(2) receptor altered inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo or inflammatory cell adhesion in the flow chamber in vitro. CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates that both activation and deletion of the CB(2) receptor do not relevantly modulate atherogenesis in mice. Our data do not challenge the multiple reports involving CB(2) in other inflammatory processes. However, in the context of atherosclerosis, CB(2) does not appear to be a suitable therapeutic target for reduction of the atherosclerotic plaque

CD40L Deficiency Attenuates Diet-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Impairing Immune Cell Accumulation and Production of Pathogenic IgG-Antibodies

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue inflammation fuels the metabolic syndrome. We recently reported that CD40L--an established marker and mediator of cardiovascular disease--induces inflammatory cytokine production in adipose cells in vitro. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CD40L deficiency modulates adipose tissue inflammation in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: WT or CD40L(-/-) mice consumed a high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Inflammatory cell recruitment was impaired in mice lacking CD40L as shown by a decrease of adipose tissue macrophages, B-cells, and an increase in protective T-regulatory cells. Mechanistically, CD40L-deficient mice expressed significantly lower levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 both, locally in adipose tissue and systemically in plasma. Moreover, levels of pro-inflammatory IgG-antibodies against oxidized lipids were reduced in CD40L(-/-) mice. Also, circulating low-density lipoproteins and insulin levels were lower in CD40L(-/-) mice. However, CD40L(-/-) mice consuming HFD were not protected from the onset of diet-induced obesity (DIO), insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, suggesting that CD40L selectively limits the inflammatory features of diet-induced obesity rather than its metabolic phenotype. Interestingly, CD40L(-/-) mice consuming a low fat diet (LFD) showed both, a favorable inflammatory and metabolic phenotype characterized by diminished weight gain, improved insulin tolerance, and attenuated plasma adipokine levels. CONCLUSION: We present the novel finding that CD40L deficiency limits adipose tissue inflammation in vivo. These findings identify CD40L as a potential mediator at the interface of cardiovascular and metabolic disease

Biome changes and their inferred climatic drivers in northern and eastern continental Asia at selected times since 40 cal ka bp

Recent global warming is pronounced in high-latitude regions (e.g. northern Asia), and will cause the vegetation to change. Future vegetation trends (e.g. the “arctic greening”) will feed back into atmospheric circulation and the global climate system. Understanding the nature and causes of past vegetation changes is important for predicting the composition and distribution of future vegetation communities. Fossil pollen records from 468 sites in northern and eastern Asia were biomised at selected times between 40 cal ka bp and today. Biomes were also simulated using a climate-driven biome model and results from the two approaches compared in order to help understand the mechanisms behind the observed vegetation changes. The consistent biome results inferred by both approaches reveal that long-term and broad-scale vegetation patterns reflect global to hemispheric-scale climate changes. Forest biomes increase around the beginning of the late deglaciation, become more widespread during the early and middle Holocene, and decrease in the late Holocene in fringe areas of the Asian Summer Monsoon. At the southern and southwestern margins of the taiga, forest increases in the early Holocene and shows notable species succession, which may have been caused by winter warming at ca. 7 cal ka bp. At the northeastern taiga margin (central Yakutia and northeastern Siberia), shrub expansion during the last deglaciation appears to prevent the permafrost from thawing and hinders the northward expansion of evergreen needle-leaved species until ca. 7 cal ka bp. The vegetation climate disequilibrium during the early Holocene in the taiga-tundra transition zone suggests that projected climate warming will not cause a northward expansion of evergreen needle-leaved species