2-[(1E)-({[(Benzylsulfanyl)methanethioyl]amino}- imino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The title di­thio­carbazate ester, C16H16N2O2S2, comprises two almost planar residues, i.e. the phenyl ring and the remaining 14 non-H atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0410 Å). These are orientated perpendicularly, forming a dihedral angle of 82.72 (5)°. An intra­molecular hy­droxy-O—H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond, leading to an S(6) loop, is noted. An analysis of the geometric parameters is consistent with the mol­ecule existing as the thione tautomer, and the conformation about the C=N bond is E. The thione S and imine H atoms lie to the same side of the mol­ecule, facilitating the formation of inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds leading to eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 synthons in the crystal. These aggregates are connected by phenyl-C—H⋯O(hy­droxy) inter­actions into a supra­molecular layer in the bc plane; these stack with no directional inter­actions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the nature of the inter­molecular inter­actions

Fuzzy logic controlled miniature LEGO robot for undergraduate training system

Fuzzy logic enables designers to control complex systems more effectively than traditional approaches as it provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion upon ambiguous, imprecise or noisy information. In this paper, we describe the development of two miniature LEGO robots, which are the line following and the light searching mobile robots to provide a better understanding of fuzzy logic control theory and real life application for an undergraduate training system. This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, an object sorter robot is built to perform pick and place task to load different colour objects on a fuzzy logic controlled line following robot which then carries the preloaded objects to a goal by following a white line. In the second part, an intelligent fuzzy logic controlled light searching robot with the capability to navigate in a maze is developed. All of the robots are constructed by using the LEGO Mindstorms kit. Interactive C programming language is used to program fuzzy logic robots. Experimental results show that the robots has successfully track the predefined path and navigate towards light source under the influence of the fuzzy logic controller; and therefore can be used as a training system in undergraduate fuzzy logic class

Crystal structure of 2-((1E)-{2-[bis(2-methylbenzylsulfanyl) methylidene]-hydrazin-1-ylidene}methyl)-6-methoxy-phenol

We thank the Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia for facilities. This research was funded by Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and the Malaysian Government under the Geran UPM Scheme (RUGS No. IBT/2013/9419400), the Malaysian Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS No.01–02-13–1344FR) and the ScienceFund under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI 06–01-04-SF1810). ENMY wishes to thank UPM for the award of a Graduate Research Fellowship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A study on motorcyclist's riding discomfort in Malaysia

Studies on discomfort among motorcyclists are seldom seen in literature. The current study was carried out using 957 respondents representing 481 males and 476 females ranging from the age of 18 to 24 years. It attempts to find out the overall discomfort score, the discomfort symptom score and the statistically significant differences on discomfort score among the male and female motorcyclists. A questionnaire survey was used to evaluate those discomfort symptoms. The results indicate that a majority of the male and female motorcyclists experienced discomfort in their body parts during the riding process. The motorcyclists mainly experienced discomfort on their upper body parts (neck or head, shoulder, upper back, arms and hands, low back and buttocks). The female compared to the male motorcyclists have expressed higher discomfort level in their thighs. Meanwhile a majority of both male and female motorcyclists have indicated no discomfort in their lower body parts (knees, calf leg below knee and ankles and feet). Meanwhile, the statistical tests indicate that there is a total of four significant differences (p<0.05) between the male and female motorcyclists. The significant differences were on low back, buttocks, thighs and calf leg below knees. As a conclusion, the results suggest that the motorcyclists in Malaysia do suffer from the discomfort on certain body part during riding. Therefore, this study highlights that there is a lack of motorcycle’s ergonomics particularly in the context of interaction between the riders and motorcycle in Malaysia

Inhibitory effects of swietenia mahagoni seeds extract on A-glucosidase and A-amylase

This study analyzed the inhibition activity of Swietenia mahagoni seeds extract on α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes inhibition assays. Swietenia mahagoni seeds were extracted by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction at pressures of 20-30 MPa and temperatures of 40-60°C. The oil yields obtained were analyzed with α- glucosidase and α- amylase enzymes inhibition assays. All data obtained were expressed as mean ± standard deviation for triplicate experiments. One way analysis was used for statistical significance by using statistica software version 7.0 (StartSoft, EUA) and IC50 (extract concentration causing 50% enzyme inhibitory) was determined by using GraphPad Prism 6.0 software. Swietenia mahagoni seeds extract have a strong inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity (98.4% ± 0.2) but a moderate inhibition of α- amylase enzyme activity (34.9% ± 1.2). These findings implied that Swietenia mahagoni seeds extract could be an effective natural antidiabetic agent

Fuzzy Logic Controller Design for Intelligent Drilling System

An intelligent drilling system can be commercially very profitable in terms of reduction in crude material and labor involvement. The use of fuzzy logic based controller in the intelligent cutting and drilling operations has become a popular practice in the ever growing manufacturing industry. In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller has been designed to select the cutting parameter more precisely for the drilling operation. Specifically, different input criterion of machining parameters are considered such as the tool and material hardness, the diameter of drilling hole and the flow rate of cutting fluid. Unlikethe existing fuzzy logic based methods, which use only two input parameters, the proposed system utilizes more input parameters to provide spindle speed and feed rate information more precisely for the intelligent drilling operation

Bis{4-methylbenzyl 2-[4-(propan-2-yl)benzylidene]hydrazinecarbodithioato-κ2N2,S}nickel(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The complete molecule of the title hydrazine carbodithioate complex, [Ni(C19H21N2S2)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The NiII atom is N,S-chelated by two hydrazinecarbodithioate ligands, which provide a trans-N2S2 donor set that defines a distorted square-planar geometry. The conformation of the five-membered chelate ring is an envelope with the NiII atom being the flap atom. In the crystal, p-tolyl-C—H...π(benzene-iPr), iPr-C—H...π(p-tolyl) and π–π interactions [between p-tolyl rings with inter-centroid distance = 3.8051 (12) Å] help to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the importance of H-atom contacts in establishing the packing

A cinnamaldehyde Schiff base ofS-(4-methylbenzyl) dithiocarbazate: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study

The title dithiocarbazate ester (I), C18H18N2S2 [systematic name: (E)-4-methylbenzyl 2-[(E)-3-phenylallylidene]hydrazinecarbodithioate, comprises an almost planar central CN2S2 residue [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0131 Å]. The methylene(tolyl-4) group forms a dihedral angle of 72.25 (4)° with the best plane through the remaining non-hydrogen atoms [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0586 Å] so the molecule approximates mirror symmetry with the 4-tolyl group bisected by the plane. The configuration about both double bonds in the N—N=C—C=C chain is E; the chain has an all trans conformation. In the crystal, eight-membered centrosymmetric thioamide synthons, {...HNCS}2, are formed via N—H...S(thione) hydrogen bonds. Connections between the dimers via C—H...π interactions lead to a three-dimensional architecture. A Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that (I) possesses an interaction profile similar to that of a closely related analogue with an S-bound benzyl substituent, (II). Computational chemistry indicates the dimeric species of (II) connected via N—H...S hydrogen bonds is about 0.94 kcal mol−1 more stable than that in (I)