Uporedno ispitivanje koncentracije pojedinih frakcija serumskih proteina i imunoglobulina klase G u krvnom serumu kobila i novorođene ždrebadi jugoslovenskog kasača

The comparison of some serum protein concentrations was performed on 12 Yugoslav Trotter mares and their newborn foals. The mares included in the evaluation were divided into two groups of 6 each. The mares in the first group were vaccinated against equine herpes virus 1 and 4, in the 5th, 7th and 9th month of pregnancy, while mares in the second group were not vaccinated at all. Pregnant mares were clinically observed during the last stage of pregnancy and blood for biochemical evaluations was sampled immediately after foaling. Foals were clinically observed for seven days after birth and blood samples were collected immediately after foaling (before nursing), and 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after birth. Foals included in the evaluation were divided into two groups according to the group allocation of the respective mares. All mares gave birth to normal foals in expected terms. Biochemical examination revealed slightly lower total gammaglobulin and IgG values in tested mares compared to the values obtained in other horse breeds. The antibody titres against equine herpes virus-1 reached the level that provides sufficient protection in vaccinated mares. Gammaglobulin and traces of IgG were present in the blood serum of foals tested immediately after birth and before nursing. A significant increase of IgG and gammaglobulin concentration was revealed in all foals after the first 24 hours of life. The observed first day increase of concentration was followed by stagnation of gammaglobulin and IgG levels in all foals. Total protein values showed a significant increase 24 hours after the first intake of colostrum in all foals. Immunoglobulin G concentration established by semiquantitative test was considered low positive in 16.67% and in 33.34% of foals from vaccinated and unvaccinated mares, respectively. Turbidimetric analyses of the same samples revealed sufficient Ig transfer, i.e. Ig concentration over 8 g/L. Comparison of the results obtained by the two methods indicates that semi-quantitative field test results were clinically valid. There were no antibodies against EHV 1 in foals immediately after birth and before the first colostrum intake, and a highly significant increase of serum antibody level was recordered 24 hours after the onset of nursing in foals born from vaccinated mothers.Ispitivanja su sprovedena na 12 kobila rase jugoslovenski kasač i njihovih 12 ždrebadi. Prva grupa od šest kobila je trokratno vakcinisana protiv EHV-1/4 tokom graviditeta, dok je druga grupa bila nevakcinisana. Od svih kobila su neposredno posle ždrebljenja uzeti uzorci krvi za biohemijski pregled. Novorođ ena ždrebad su klinički opservirana tokom prvih 7 dana života, uz uzimanje uzoraka krvi pre uzimanja kolostruma, zatim nakon 24, 48, 72 i 168 časova. Kod svih kobila su utvrđene nešto niže vrednosti gama globulina i IgG od vrednosti koje su zabeležene kod drugih rasa, pri čemu su vrednosti titra antitela na EHV-1 kod vakcinisanih kobila bile na nivou koji pruža zadovoljavajuću zaštitu, za razliku od nevakcinisanih kobila koje su bile ili seronegativne ili imale minimalan titar anti EHV-1 antitela. Kod većine ždrebadi je neposredno posle rođenja a pre prvog napoja u krvnom serumu ustanovljeno prisustvo gama globulina i IgG u tragovima, pri čemu je statistički značajno povećanje i gama globulina i IgG ustanovljeno posle prvih 24 časa. Primenom semikvantitativnog testa za određivanje IgG kod 25% ždrebadi utvrđene su niže vrednosti IgG (slabo pozitivne - što ukazuje na vrednosti od 5-8 g/L), iako je koncentracija IgG utvrđena imunoturbidimetrijom i kod njih bila veća od 8 g/L. Pre prvog unosa kolostruma u serumu ždrebadi nema antitela protiv EHV-1

Uticaj genotipa na tovne osobine i telesnu razvijenost junadi

Differences in demonstration of fattening and traits of body development in young cattle from three genotype groups are investigated: Domestic Simmental breed (G1) and its crosses F1 gen. With Limousine (G2) and Charolais breed (G3). Sample included total of 96 heads, 32 in each group. The greatest body mass at birth was realized by Charolais crosses (41,8 kg) and the lowest calves of domestic Simmental breed (40,5 kg), significance of differences established was at the level of p lt 0,05. Genotype had significant effect (p lt 0.01) on body mass and age at the end of fattening, as well as average life daily gain. Charolais and Limousine crosses at the ages of 446 and 443 days achieved higher body masses at the end of fattening (621 kg and 590 kg) compared to Domestic Simmental breed (477 days and 579 kg). The effect of genotype on traits of body development was highly significant (p lt 0.01) for all traits except height to rump (p lt 0.05). The highest values of height to withers and rump (131,8 cm and136,1 cm) and cannon circumference (23,1 cm), and the lowest for breast depth (70,8 cm) and breast girth (198,9 cm) were realized by young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed. The most favourable body development from the commercial aspect was realized by Charolais crosses with the highest determined values of breast depth (74,5 cm), carcass length (157,7 cm) and breast girth (202,5 cm). Limousine crosses are characterized by the lowest height to withers and rump (126,7 cm and 134,3 cm), the lowest values of carcass length (155,3 cm) and cannon circumference (21,9 cm), whereas in regard to breast depth (73,5 cm) and girth (202,1 cm) they take intermediary position.Proučavane su razlike u ispoljenosti tovnih i osobina telesne razvijenosti između junadi tri genotipske grupe: domaće simentalske rase (G1) i njenih meleza F1 gen. sa limuzin (G2) i šarole rasom (G3). Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno ukupno 96 grla, po 32 u svakoj grupi. Najveću telesnu masu pri rođenju ostvarili su melezi šarolea (41,8 kg) a najmanju telad domaćeg simentalca (40,5 kg) uz značajnost razlika na nivou p lt 0,05. Genotip je ispoljio signifikantan uticaj (p lt 0.01) na telesnu masu i starost na kraju tova, kao i na prosečan životni dnevni prirast. Melezi šarolea i limuzina pri manjoj starosti (446 i 443 dana) postigli su veće telesne mase na kraju tova (621 kg i 590 kg) u odnosu na domaću simentalsku rasu (477 dana i 579 kg). Uticaj genotipa na osobine telesne razvijenosti je visoko signifikantan (p lt 0.01) za sve osobine izuzev visine krsta (p lt 0.05). Najveće mere visine grebena i krsta (131,8 cm i 136,1 cm) i obima cevanice (23,1 cm), a najmanje izraženu dubinu grudi (70,8 cm) i obim grudnog koša (198,9 cm) ostvarila su junad domaće simentalske rase. Najpoželjniju razvijenost sa komercijalnog stanovišta ostvarili su melezi šarolea kod kojih su utvrĐene najveće dubine grudi (74,5 cm), dužine trupa (157,7 cm) i obimi grudi (202,5 cm). Meleze limuzina karakteriše najmanja visina grebena i krsta (126,7 cm i 134,3 cm), najmanja dužina trupa (155,3 cm) i obim cevanice (21,9 cm), dok prema dubini (73,5 cm) i obimu grudi (202,1 cm) zauzimaju intermedijernu poziciju

Uticaj ekstrakta rizoma i korena kukureka (Helleborus odorus W. et K.) na parametre bele krvne slike i stepen fagocitoze kod wistar pacova

The objective of this research was to study the effects that the extract of rhizome and root of Helleborus odorus W. et K. (Ranunculaceae) can have on modifications in the parameter values of white blood cells count and degree of phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes in Wistar rats. The trial was conducted on 28 rats divided into 4 groups with 7 animals in each group. To the control group of rats sterile physiological solution in the quantity of 0.25 mL/100 g BW was applied intramuscularly. For the purpose of monitoring the effect of the extract of rhizome and root of hellebore (HE) during a time period, the HE was applied intramuscularly to rats in a dose of 10 mg/100 g BW, while the blood samples for analysis were taken after 24h, 48h and 72h. The consequence of intramuscular application of HE was an increased count of total leukocytes in all trial groups, the most expressed leukocytosis being registered 24h after application of HE. Statistically significant higher value in the count and percent of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood was recorded 24h after treatment in relation to the control and two other trial groups (p lt 0.001), among which a statistical significance was not established. The extract of hellebore rhizome and root has led to lymphopenia, resulting in the increase of the neutrophil/limphocyte index in the trial groups 24h and 48h after treatment. The application of HE had no significant effect on the count of monocytes in treated animals. The applied extract has caused a significant increase in the degree of phagocytosis by residing peritoneal macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes in blood.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj ekstrakta rizoma i korena H. odorus W. et K. na promenu vrednosti parametara bele krvne slike i stepen fagocitoze od strane peritonealnih makrofaga i neutrofilnih granulocita kod pacova soja Wistar. Ogled je izveden na 28 pacova podeljenih u 4 grupe po 7 jedinki. Kontrolnoj grupi pacova je intramuskularno aplikovan sterilan fiziološki rastvor u količini od 0,25 ml/100 g TM. U cilju praćenja efekta ekstrakta rizoma i korena kukureka (EK) u toku vremena, pacovima je intramuskularno aplikovan EK u dozi od 10mg/100g TM, a krv za analizu je uzimana posle 24h, 48h i 72h. Intramuskularna aplikacija EK imala je za posledicu povećanje broja ukupnih leukocita u svim oglednim grupama, pri čemu je najizraženija leukocitoza registrovana 24h nakon aplikovanja EK. Statistički značajno veća vrednost broja i procenta neutrofilnih granulocita u krvi zabeležena je 24h posle tretmana u odnosu na kontrolnu i ostale dve ogledne grupe (p lt 0,001), između kojih nije utvrđena statistička značajnost. Ekstrakt rizoma i korena kukureka doveo je do nastanka limfopenije, što je imalo za posledicu povećanje neutrofilno/limfocitnog indeksa u oglednim grupama 24h i 48h nakon tretmana. Aplikacija EK nije značajno uticala na broj monocita kod tretiranih životinja. Upotrebljeni ekstrakt doveo je do značajnog povećanja stepena fagocitoze od strane rezidentnih peritonealnih makrofaga i neutrofilnih granulocita krvi

Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico Studies on Thymol Esters

Derivatisation of parent structure in terpenoids often results in enhancement of biological activity of newly obtained compounds. Thymol, a naturally occurring phenol biosynthesized through the terpene pathway, is a well known biocide with strong antimicrobial attributes and diverse therapeutic activities. We have aimed our study on a single modification of phenolic functionality in thymol in order to obtain a small focused library of twenty thymyl esters, ten of which were new compounds. All compounds were involved in in vitro antimicrobial testing. Another important aspect of current study was implementation of in silico calculation of physico-chemical, harmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which could be helpful by giving an additional guidance in further research

Pandemic boredom:Little evidence that lockdown-related boredom affects risky public health behaviors across 116 countries

Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sample of 63,336 community respondents from 116 countries. Although boredom was higher in countries with more COVID-19 cases and in countries that instituted more stringent lockdowns, such boredom did not predict longitudinal within-person decreases in social distancing behavior (or vice versa; n = 8,031) in early spring and summer of 2020. Overall, we found little evidence that changes in boredom predict individual public health behaviors (handwashing, staying home, self-quarantining, and avoiding crowds) over time, or that such behaviors had any reliable longitudinal effects on boredom itself. In summary, contrary to concerns, we found little evidence that boredom posed a public health risk during lockdown and quarantine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved). </p

Sprečavanje pojave i suzbijanje stafilokoknog mastitisa krava

Staphylococcal mastitis represents the most frequent form of cow mastitis in intensive milk production and a high economical problem as well. Prevention and eradication of this type of mastitis asks for consistent and continuous applying of a number of preventive and therapeutic measures by using an appropriate control programme. In our conditions, however, there are a certain disregards especially in carrying out of hygienic measures during the milking. In our investigation, an after milking disinfectant based on dodecylbenzylsulphonic acid, as an only hygienic measure, decreased a rate of new infections for 2,7 %. Our examinations have confirmed that partial usage of the programme has not significant effect on reducing possible new infections.Najčešći oblik mastitisa krava u intenzivnoj proizvodnji, i veliki ekonomski problem, predstavlja stafilokokni mastitis. Sprečavanje pojave i suzbijanje ovog oblika mastitisa zahteva doslednu i kontinuiranu primenu niza preventivnih i terapijskih mera kroz odgovarajući program kontrole. U našim uslovima postoje izvesni propusti, naročito u sprovodenju higijenskih mera tokom muže. U našem istraživanju, primenom dezinficijensa posle muže na bazi dodecilbenzilsulfonske kiseline, kao jedine higijenske mere, pojava novih infekcija smanjena je za 2,7 %. Ispitivanjem smo utvrdili da parcijalnim sprovođenjem programa nema značajnijeg uticaja na smanjivanje pojave novih infekcija

Uticaj vremena folijarnog prihranjivanja na produktivnost visokorodnih sorata pšenice i sadržaj proteina

The objective was to analyze the effect of foliar nutrition on grain yield some plant properties and raw protein content and yield using three high-yielding wheat cultivars. The liquid mineral fertilizer Wuxal has used for foliar nutrition and 46% UREA for conventional soil nutrition. Based on the results obtained foliar nutrition was shown to contribute to an average 2.4-3.7% grain increase, the increase was substantially greater in the first investigation- al year (5.5-9.6%) when the amount of rainfall registered was smaller compared with the second investigational year (2003/04) which proved far more favorable for wheat growing. Similar to grain yield, protein content in the grain and especially protein yield per hectare had shown to exhibit similar results depending on foliar nutrition. A higher protein value in the grain was obtained in the less favorable 2002/03 growing season (on average 15.2% for the cultivars) compared with the 2003/04 season (14.4%). However, as a result of a higher grain yield in the year favoring wheat growing protein yield was higher in 2003/04 (by 134.7 kg/ha).U radu je prikazan uticaj vremena folijarnog prihranjivanja na prinos zrna neke osobine biljaka, sadržaj i prinos sirovih proteina za tri visokorodne sorte pšenice. Za prihranjivanje je korišćeno tečno mineralno đubrivo Wuxal (za folijarno prihranjivanje) i 46% UREA (za klasičan način prihranjivanja – preko zemljišta). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je folijarno prihranjivanje uslovilo povećanje prosečnog prinosa zrna od 2,4 – 3,7%. Ovo povećanje je bilo znatno veće u prvoj godi- ni našeg istraživanja (od 5,5 – 9,6%), koja je imala manju količinu padavina u odnosu na drugu (znatno povoljniju za pšenicu) – 2003/04. godinu. Slično prinosu zrna, sadržaj proteina u zrnu i posebno prinos proteina po hektaru su pokazali istu zakonomernost u zavisnosti od folijarnog prihranjivanja. Dobijena je veća vrednost proteina u zrnu u nepovoljnijoj 2002/03. godini (prosečno za sorte 15,2%), u odnosu na 2003/04. godinu (14,4%). Međutim, ostvaren je veći prinos proteina u 2003/04. godini (za 134,7 kg/ha), kao direktna posledica značajno većeg prinosa zrna u ovoj, za pšenicu, povoljnijoj godini

Pandemic Boredom: Little Evidence That Lockdown-Related Boredom Affects Risky Public Health Behaviors Across 116 Countries

Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown ") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sample of 63,336 community respondents from 116 countries. Although boredom was higher in countries with more COVID-19 cases and in countries that instituted more stringent lockdowns, such boredom did not predict longitudinal within-person decreases in social distancing behavior (or vice versa; n = 8,031) in early spring and summer of 2020. Overall, we found little evidence that changes in boredom predict individual public health behaviors (handwashing, staying home, self-quarantining, and avoiding crowds) over time, or that such behaviors had any reliable longitudinal effects on boredom itself. In summary, contrary to concerns, we found little evidence that boredom posed a public health risk during lockdown and quarantine

The dark side of humanity scale: A reconstruction of the Dark Tetrad constructs

There has been an absence of consideration regarding measurement invariance across males and females in the widely available Dark Tetrad (DT) scales which measure psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism and everyday sadism. This has resulted in criticisms of the measures, suggesting that the assessed constructs are not wholly relatable between the groups. This article documents the construction and validation of the Dark Side of Humanity Scale (DSHS), which measures dark personalities from an alternative viewpoint, determined by the constructs as they emerged from the male and female data, whilst aligning with theory and attaining invariance between sex. Across four samples (n = 2409), using a diverse range of statistical methods, including exploratory graph analysis, item response theory and confirmatory factor analysis, a divergence from the widely available DT measures emerged, whereby primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were unified. This corroborated past research which had discussed the two constructs as being parallel. It further supported the DSHS with a shift away from the traditional DT conceptualisation. The resulting scale encompasses four factors which are sex invariant across samples and time. The first factor represents the successful psychopath, factor two addresses the grandiose form of entitlement, factor three taps into everyday sadism whilst the fourth factor pertains to narcissistic entitlement rage. Construct and external validity of the DSHS across two samples (n = 1338), as well as test-retest reliability (n = 413), was achieved. The DSHS provides an alternative approach to investigating the dark side of human nature, whilst also being sex invariant, thus making it highly suitable for use with mixed sex samples

What We Do for Food

Food is essential for survival, but how humans obtain and manage it is regulated socially. The life of Neolithic and other non-industrial communities depended on environmental variations – temperature patterns and precipitation. For farming communities, even minor changes in those patterns could have led to periods of food scarcity. In order to overcome and prepare for periods of scarcity, non-industrial communities applied different social buffering strategies. In this paper, the social buffering strategies Early/Middle Neolithic Starčevo and Late Neolithic Vinča culture communities applied in overcoming the environmental variability are tested and the most plausible ones are considered