News as a Commodity vs. News as a Public Good: Adaptation Strategies of South African Newspapers in the Digital Era.

Drawing on labour process theory and Bourdieu s field theory this study explores the challenges that newspapers face in maintaining their relevance to readers in an age where news has been de-commoditised and made readily available on the web Empirically the study is based on four case studies of incidents where different newspapers were reported to the Press Ombudsman for inaccurate reporting in recent years In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from the selected cases In addition to that a key informant from the office of the Press Ombudsman was also interviewed to provide further insight into the effectiveness of the Press Code in regulating accuracy in news reporting as well as the challenges that newspapers are faced with in that regard It is argued that the digitalisation of media increases the tension between the production of news as a public good vs its delivery as a commodity that has to ensure profit Media is an essential pillar of democratic South Africa as it provides news to ensure that citizens are informed about issues that concern them and have the ability to make decisions on matters of concern i e a public good It is therefore crucial that news be reported in an accurate and professional manner adhering to the standards set by the Press Code Newspapers are faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between producing news that is accurate and adheres to the set standards outlined in the Press Code while also ensuring that they remain profitable i e news as a commodity The findings from this study illustrate that all errors are not due to commercial pressure and that newspapers therefore still have room to manoeuvre put differently there is room for agency This implies that newspapers have to come up with strategies to continue to produce news effectively and attempt to avoid errors in news reporting As is shown in some instances quality of news can be compromised in the long run as in the case of s

Higher Order Compact Finite Difference Schemes for Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow Problems

We investigate the applicability of the compact finite difference relaxation method (CFDRM) in solving unsteady boundary layer flow problems modelled by nonlinear partial differential equations. The CFDRM utilizes the Gauss-Seidel approach of decoupling algebraic equations to linearize the governing equations and solve the resulting system of ordinary differential equations using compact finite difference schemes. The CFDRM has only been used to solve ordinary differential equations modelling boundary layer problems. This work extends its applications to nonlinear partial differential equations modelling unsteady boundary layer flows. The CFDRM is validated on two examples and the results are compared to results of the Keller-box method

Leaders’ influence on collective action: An identity leadership perspective

What makes followers act collectively when called upon by their leaders? To answer this question, participants were randomly allocated to leader–follower relationships embedded either in a partisan group or a workgroup context; and the relationship between identity leadership and collective action through ingroup identification (Study 1: N = 293) or both ingroup identification and group-efficacy (Study 2: N = 338) were assessed. Based on the model of identity leadership, we predicted and found that identity leadership was positively related with intentions for collective action when called upon by the leader, both via ingroup identification and belief in group efficacy. As predicted, the social identity process for the effectiveness of identity leadership was more important in partisan groups than in workgroups. The efficacy related process was group context invariant. These results have implications for our understanding of group processes involved in the leadership in collective action.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Praxis Mapping: A methodology for evaluating the political impacts of international projects

This report describes the participatory development of a process we have used to consider the political implications of a climate justice project we worked on together from 2010 to 2013, called Strengthening the role of civil society in water sector governance towards climate change adaptation in African cities – Durban, Maputo, Nairobi (see http://ccaa.irisyorku.ca). This project was funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) through their Climate Change Adaptation in Africa programme.This research was supported by the International Development Research Centr

Nonlinear nanofluid flow over heated vertical surface with sinusoidal wall temperature variations

The nonlinear density temperature variations in two-dimensional nanofluid flow over heated vertical surface with a sinusoidal wall temperature are investigated. The model includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Using the boundary layer approximation, the two-dimensional momentum, heat, and mass transfer equations are transferred to nonlinear partial differential equations form and solved numerically using a new method called spectral local linearisation method.The effects of the governing parameters on the fluid properties and on the heat and nanomass transfer coefficients are determined and shown graphically

Unlocking South African cross-border transport challenges : a case study of Beitbridge border post

Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Southern African Transport Conference 7-10 July 2014 "Leading Transport into the Future", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.This paper unpacks the cross border road transport challenges experienced at most of South African border posts with particular focus on Beitbridge border. The paper is based on research conducted by the Cross-Border Road Transport Agency (C-BRTA) in 2011 focusing on the State of South African border posts and Analysis of Trade Supply Chains. The historic structural and institutional configuration of South African border posts like other SADC border posts manifest deficiencies in terms of facilitating smooth cross border road transport movements. The number of government departments and agencies operating at South African border posts range from five (5) to twelve (12) and the departments/ agencies operates in silos. Customs processes constitute the greatest transit time in undertaking cross border movement in either direction, that is, for both northbound and southbound traffic at Beitbridge border post. Other transport challenges include inadequate and poorly maintained infrastructure, misalignment of working hours and lack of coordination between domestic border agencies and other stakeholders. Understanding of the origins and magnitude of cross border transport challenges is a fundamental departure point towards finding ideal interventions to the challenges experienced at Beitbridge. This paper outlines some of the solutions that may be deployed to address the cross border transport challenges experienced at South African border posts.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material was published using Adobe Acrobat 10.1.0 Technology. The original CD ROM was produced by CE Projects cc. Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected]

Finding practical solutions to cross border road transport challenges in SADC : a review of major challenges and prospects

In addition to selecting the preferred border post design layout, the appraisal approach demonstrated how the selection of the preferred location for future border post expansion could minimise travel cost, to maximise productivity gains, and to take advantage of economic opportunities. It was, for example, also established that separating freight and pedestrian processing can have substantial developmental and economic advantages. In addition we noted that remote processing of freight can be economically viable under certain conditions, provided that the additional regional travel time does not erode too much of the processing benefits.Paper presented at the 34th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 6-9 July 2015 "Working Together to Deliver - Sakha Sonke", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.The Minister of Transport, South AfricaTransportation Research Board of the US

Food security, urban governance and multilevel government in Africa

Realising the right to food requires more than an increase in food production. Increasing access to food is equally important, so this contribution adopts a “food systems approach”. Against the backdrop of a growing number of countries on the continent that are decentralising powers to cities and regions, this chapter assesses the role of local governments in South Africa with respect to food security. It argues that food security is not just a national and/or provincial government concern, but that the Constitution demands of municipalities to contribute to realising the right to food. Against the backdrop of a general introduction into the division of responsibilities between national, provincial and local government, it deploys two arguments to make this assertion. The first is located in the jurisprudence of the South African Constitutional Court on socio-economic rights. The second is located in the division of powers between national, provincial and local government. This contribution explores various linkages between a municipality’s constitutional powers and food security. Specific emphasis is placed on the municipality’s responsibility to regulate trade and markets as well as its responsibility to conduct spatial planning and land-use management. The argument made in this chapter is also relevant in other countries on the continent that combine socio-economic rights with multilevel government arrangements