Geometric modeling of 3D woven preforms in composite T-joints

A common method to fabricate net-shaped three-dimensional (3D) woven preforms for composite T-joints is to weave flat 3D preforms via a standard weaving machine with variation in binder yarn path and then separate the preform in the form of a bifurcation. Folding introduces fiber architecture deformation at the 3D woven bifurcation area. In this paper, a geometric modeling approach is proposed to represent the realistic fiber architecture, as a preprocessor for finite element analyses to predict composite structural performance. Supported by X-ray micro-computed tomography (mCT), three important deformation mechanisms are observed including yarn stack shifting, cross-section bending, and cross-section flattening resulting from the folding process. Furthermore, a set of mathematical formulae for simulation of the deformations in the junction region are developed and satisfactory agreement is observed when compared with mCT scan results

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Confluent 3D-assembly of fibrous structures

The ability to independently control fiber alignments and structural geometry is critical for design of optimal three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structures. We present a novel method to 3D-assemble carbon fiber structures, containing no seams or adhesive joints, using a confluence of several textile methodologies. A variety of complex structural shapes with tailored fiber topologies are demonstrated to be achievable. These optimized structures are shown to have unprecedented static and dynamic strength as well as damage tolerance and ductility. For example, the energy absorption capacity of a 3D-assembled carbon fiber prismatic sandwich structure is shown to be 300% greater than a high performance metallic counterpart

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Not AvailableA basic IPM module for basmati rice as a part of integrated crop management accounting the pest prevalence and management has been developed. As the IPM module is location specific and dynamic, there is need of regular updating and fine tuning depending on the location and pest prevalence. The technology has been successfully validated and implemented during 1998 to 2019 in Pusa Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati, Dehraduni Basmati, Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand with minor modification and fine tuning. Adoptation of the IPM technology resulted in increase in rice grain yield to the tune of 21.6% in Pusa Basmati 1 at Shikohpur in Uttar Pradesh, 21.5% in Taraori Basmati at Chhajpur in Haryana, 19.5% in Type 3 in Uttarakhand, 14.5 to 22.7% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana and 38.2% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Uttar Pradesh over farmer's practices (FP). In all the basmati rice trials, higher yield as well as Benefit : Cost (B:C) ratio was obtained in IPM as compared to FP. Implementation of IPM led to significant reduction in the uses of chemical pesticides. In case of IPM, on an avarage 1.46 application of chemical pesticides (103.2 g a.i./ha) were undertaken in Pusa Basmati 1121 against 2.8 application in FP (1214.4 g a.i./ha) at Bambawad, Uttar Pradesh. ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack developed and validated IPM module at Sigmapur (Cuttack, Odisha) non-Basmati rice variety Pooja for four kharif seasons i.e 2010-2013 using standard agronomic practices. The trial resulted in an increase of 47.1% yield over FP. Additional income of Rs. 9857/- per ha was also obtained in IPM over FP. On-Farm trial on validation of IPM module in non-Basmati rice (cv. Pooja ) under rainfed low land condition conducted in 10 ha during rabi 2017 at Nagapur and Basudeipur villages in Khurda district of Odisha resulted reduction in the incidence of insect pests and diseases with higher population of natural enemies as compared to FP with B:C ratio of 1.26:1. Rice yield was recorded 5600 kg ha-1 in IPM as against 4900 kg ha-1 in FP. Recently, ICT based e-pest monitoring and advisory has become an important component for area wise implementation of IPM at state and national level. The programme has been successfully implemented in Odisha during 2010 and 2011 under RKVY. Implementation of the programme had resulted successful management of swarming caterpillar in 13 rice growing districts of Odisha during kharif 2010 and 2011. More precisely, the launching of riceXpert app by ICAR-NRRI in the year 2016 has facilitated the farmers for confident identification of insect pests and diseases and getting real-time pest solution instantlyNot Availabl