Investigation of nose bluntness and angle of attack effects on slender bodies in viscous hypersonic flows

Hypersonic flows over cones and straight biconic configurations are calculated for a wide range of free stream conditions in which the gas behind the shock is treated as perfect. Effect of angle of attack and nose bluntness on these slender cones in air is studied extensively. The numerical procedures are based on the solution of complete Navier-Stokes equations at the nose section and parabolized Navier-Stokes equations further downstream. The flow field variables and surface quantities show significant differences when the angle of attack and nose bluntness are varied. The complete flow field is thoroughly analyzed with respect to velocity, temperature, pressure, and entropy profiles. The post shock flow field is studied in detail from the contour plots of Mach number, density, pressure, and temperature. The effect of nose bluntness for slender cones persists as far as 200 nose radii downstream

Finite Matrix Groups over Nilpotent Group Rings

AbstractWe study groups of matricesSGLn(ZΓ) of augmentation one over the integral group ring ZΓ of a nilpotent group Γ. We relate the torsion ofSGLn(ZΓ) to the torsion of Γ. We prove that all abelianp-subgroups ofSGLn(ZΓ) can be stably diagonalized. Also, all finite subgroups ofSGLn(ZΓ) can be embedded into the diagonal Γn<SGLn(ZΓ). We apply matrix results to show that if Γ is nilpotent-by-(Π′-finite) then all finite Π-groups of normalized units in ZΓ can be embedded into Γ

Identification of geospatial variability of fluoride contamination in ground water of Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Groundwater is one of the major sources of water in arid and semi-arid regions. Groundwater quality data and its spatial distribution are important for the purpose of planning and management. Geo-statistical methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this study, kriging methods were used for predicting the spatial distribution of fluoride content in groundwater. Data were collected from 13 wells in Mathura district (Uttar Pradesh, India). After normalization of data, semivariogram was drawn, for selecting suitable model for fitness on experimental semivariogram, less residual sum of squares (RSS) value was used. Then fluoride endemic areas of the Mathura District (study area) were identified from developed semivariogram model and Geospatial variability (high and low fluoride containing areas) map was generated with the help of GeographicInformation System. In the analysis, spatial distribution characteristics and variation of fluoride concentration in shallow groundwater found to be 3.4 and 4.6 mg/l at Sahar, Shahpur were higher than the standard limits (1.5 mg/l) of drinking water and shows remarkable spatial variability

Fundamental time period of RC Setback Buildings

The buildings with the presence of setback irregularity are now being increasingly used in the urban areas. The present work proposes an irregularity index for quantifying the setback irregularity based on the dynamic characteristics of the buildings. This paper also proposes a modified equation for the fundamental period of vibration, for building frames with setback irregularity. Furthermore, the equations for estimating the maximum inter storey drift ratio (Ir) and maximum displacement ductility (μmax) are also proposed. These equations are proposed on basis of the regression analysis conducted on the seismic response databank of 305 building models with different types of setback irregularity for each height category. The proposed equations are represented as a function of the irregularity index, and are validated for 2D and 3D building models with setback irregularity

Avian malaria co-infections confound infectivity and vector competence assays of Plasmodium homopolare.

Currently, there are very few studies of avian malaria that investigate relationships among the host-vector-parasite triad concomitantly. In the current study, we experimentally measured the vector competence of several Culex mosquitoes for a newly described avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium homopolare. Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) blood infected with a low P. homopolare parasitemia was inoculated into a naïve domestic canary (Serinus canaria forma domestica). Within 5 to 10 days post infection (dpi), the canary unexpectedly developed a simultaneous high parasitemic infection of Plasmodium cathemerium (Pcat6) and a low parasitemic infection of P. homopolare, both of which were detected in blood smears. During this infection period, PCR detected Pcat6, but not P. homopolare in the canary. Between 10 and 60 dpi, Pcat6 blood stages were no longer visible and PCR no longer amplified Pcat6 parasite DNA from canary blood. However, P. homopolare blood stages remained visible, albeit still at very low parasitemias, and PCR was able to amplify P. homopolare DNA. This pattern of mixed Pcat6 and P. homopolare infection was repeated in three secondary infected canaries that were injected with blood from the first infected canary. Mosquitoes that blood-fed on the secondary infected canaries developed infections with Pcat6 as well as another P. cathemerium lineage (Pcat8); none developed PCR detectable P. homopolare infections. These observations suggest that the original P. homopolare-infected songbird also had two un-detectable P. cathemerium lineages/strains. The vector and host infectivity trials in this study demonstrated that current molecular assays may significantly underreport the extent of mixed avian malaria infections in vectors and hosts

Diagnosing Death with Diatoms: A Retrospective Study of Forensic Cases in Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: Diatoms found inside the body of a drowned victim may serve as corroborative evidence in the diagnosis of cause of death. Diatom has proved to be the only golden standard for diagnosis and confirmation of drowning deaths whether the drowning was ante-mortem or post-mortem.Methods: The study was based on the cases of death due to drowning received from three districts of Northern Range of Himachal Pradesh, India during the period of five years from Ist January, 2010 to 31st December, 2015 for diatom test. A total of 66 human cases were examined for detection of diatoms. The detailed information regarding cause of death, socio-demographic factors and other associated information was gathered. The acid digestion method accepted worldwide for diatom extraction was used.Results: Male victims predominated (75.75%). Most common affected age group was 21-40 years (53.02%). The youngest victim was a girl of 4 years age who drowned accidentally in a water tank, while the oldest victim being a 86 years old who fell accidently in a river. Married victims contributed to 33 (50.0%) and unmarried to 21 (31.81%). 13 (19.69%) drowning cases belonged to students followed by labourers (18.18%) and housewives (15.15%). The highest reported cases of drowning were from the rural areas (65.15%) followed by urban areas (16.66%). Majority (81.81%) of the victims drowned in fresh water. The incidences of drowning were more in water of natural flowing streams (khuds) (31.81%) followed by rivers (22.72%), nullahs/rivulets (12.12%), wells (9.09%), kuhls/water channels (7.57%), canals (6.06%), ponds (3.03%), water tanks (3.03%) and check dam, dam and waterfall in one each (4.54%) respectively. Accidental drowning was the most common cause of death (37.87%). Highest (51.51%) percentage of drowning cases was noticed during the months of monsoon/rainy season. Blood on mouth and nostrils was present in 14 (21.21%), froth from mouth, nose, larynx and trachea in 35 (53.03%) cases. Diatom-test was found positive in 62 (93.93%) cases. The results of the study revealed the occurrence of various varieties of diatoms in water bodies of northern region of Himachal Pradesh. The most common diatom genera detected were Navicula (86.36%).Conclusion: The study concluded that diatoms are amongst the important biological forensic evidences in diagnosing the cause and place of death due to drowning. Gender based examination revealed higher percentage of males involved in drowning fatalities and the accidental submersion was the commonest manner of death

Presentation and intervention in missing Copper T Thread in reference to timing of insertion

Background: To analyse the impact of time of insertion of Copper T to presentation and intervention for management of missing Cu-T thread.Methods: After approval of the study by research and institutional Ethics Committee, present study was carried out partly prospectively on patients presenting with missing Cu T thread. Retrospective data was also collected from minor OT or admission records for those admitted for removal of IUCD and duly completed telephonically. Proportion of women with missing Cu T thread were calculated in percentages. Correlation between different groups couldn’t be calculated because of major difference in number of subjects in groups. Data was analysed with regard to relation to timing of insertion, presentation, complications, number and kind of interventions for its removal.Results: Among 57 women, 30 had post LSCS CuT insertion, 6 had post NVD, 20 had interval CuT insertion, 1 had post abortal insertion. Misplaced CuT was detected in 8 women on USG, 4 (50%) had post LSCS, 3 (37.5%) post NVD and 1 (12.5%) had interval CuT insertion. OPD removal could be attempted successfully in 30 women; 11 (36.67%) post LSCS, 2 (33.33%) post NVD, 16 (80%) interval and 1 (100%) post abortion insertion. OT removal was needed in 23 women; 17 (56.67%) post LSCS, 2 (33.33%) post NVD, 4 (20%) interval CuT insertion. Spontaneous expulsion diagnosed in 4, 2 post LSCS and 2 post NVD CuT insertion.Conclusions: There is definite impact of timing of Cu T insertion on incidence of misplacement and expulsion and more data and studies are needed for developing a common information performa to develop SOPs for follow up of such patients

Z decays into light gluinos: a calculation based on unitarity

The Z boson can decay to a pair of light gluinos through loop-mediated processes. Based on unitarity of the S-matrix, the imaginary part of the decay amplitude is computed in the presence of a light bottom squark. This imaginary part can provide useful information on the full amplitude. Implications are discussed for a recently proposed light gluino and light bottom squark scenario.Comment: 19 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.