Формирование готовности и мотивации студентов к самостоятельной работе в высшем техническом учебном заведении

The article is devoted to the problem of organizing independent work of students in a higher technical educational institution, held in Tyumen Industrial University of the Nizhnevartovsk branch. This paper analyzes the requirements for students to master the skills of independent work on the basis of the competency model of a university graduate in accordance with the requirements of the professional standard of higher education. The competence of a successful specialist in any dynamically developing industry is considered. The author made an analysis of the works of scientists, teachers, researchers, dealing with the problem of motivation and improving the efficiency of the organization of work activities of students. The tendency to steady interest of students in additional material related to the profile of the main direction of study in the form of problem situations is revealed. Three forms of organization of independent work are highlighted and described in detail: extracurricular, classroom, and creative in the form of NIRS (students' research work). Express questionnaires of students were conducted to measure the time spent on independent work, to identify students' claims for research skills, for the types of independent work that are most laborious for respondents, diagnosing time spent on extracurricular work per week. According to the results of the study, graphs were made and diagnostic diagrams were constructed. The conclusion is formulated.El artículo está dedicado al problema de organizar el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes en una institución de educación técnica superior, celebrada en la Universidad Industrial de Tyumen de la sucursal de Nizhnevartovsk. Este documento analiza los requisitos para que los estudiantes dominen las habilidades del trabajo independiente sobre la base del modelo de competencia de un graduado universitario de acuerdo con los requisitos del estándar profesional de educación superior. Se considera la competencia de un especialista exitoso en cualquier industria en desarrollo dinámico. El autor realizó un análisis de los trabajos de científicos, docentes, investigadores, abordando el problema de la motivación y mejorando la eficiencia de la organización de las actividades laborales de los estudiantes. Se revela la tendencia a mantener el interés de los estudiantes en material adicional relacionado con el perfil de la dirección principal de estudio en forma de situaciones problemáticas. Se resaltan y describen en detalle tres formas de organización del trabajo independiente: extracurricular, aula y creativa en forma de NIRS (trabajo de investigación de los estudiantes). Se realizaron cuestionarios expresos a los estudiantes para medir el tiempo empleado en el trabajo independiente, para identificar los reclamos de los estudiantes sobre habilidades de investigación, para los tipos de trabajo independiente que son más laboriosos para los encuestados, diagnosticando el tiempo dedicado al trabajo extracurricular por semana. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, se realizaron gráficos y se construyeron diagramas de diagnóstico. La conclusión está formulada.Статья посвящена проблеме организации самостоятельной работы студентов в высшем техническом учебном заведении, проводимой в Тюменском индустриальном университете Нижневартовского филиала. В статье анализируются требования к студентам освоить навыки самостоятельной работы на основе модели компетенций выпускника вуза в соответствии с требованиями профессионального стандарта высшего профессионального образования. Рассматривается компетенция успешного специалиста в любой динамично развивающейся отрасли. Автором проведен анализ работ ученых, преподавателей, исследователей, занимающихся проблемой мотивации и повышения эффективности организации работы, виды деятельности студентов. Выявлена тенденция к устойчивому интересу студентов к дополнительному материалу, связанному с профилем основного направления обучения в виде проблемных ситуаций. Выделены и подробно описаны три формы организации самостоятельной работы: внеклассная, аудиторная и творческая в форме НИРС (научно-исследовательская работа студентов). Экспресс-анкетирование студентов проводилось с целью измерения времени, затраченного на самостоятельную работу, выявления притязаний студентов на исследовательские навыки, на виды самостоятельной работы, наиболее трудоемкие для респондентов, диагностики времени, затраченного на внеурочную работу в неделю. По результатам исследования построены графики и диагностические диаграммы. Сформулирован вывод

Learning the tensor network model of a quantum state using a few single-qubit measurements

The constantly increasing dimensionality of artificial quantum systems demands for highly efficient methods for their characterization and benchmarking. Conventional quantum tomography fails for larger systems due to the exponential growth of the required number of measurements. The conceptual solution for this dimensionality curse relies on a simple idea - a complete description of a quantum state is excessive and can be discarded in favor of experimentally accessible information about the system. The probably approximately correct (PAC) learning theory has been recently successfully applied to a problem of building accurate predictors for the measurement outcomes using a dataset which scales only linearly with the number of qubits. Here we present a constructive and numerically efficient protocol which learns a tensor network model of an unknown quantum system. We discuss the limitations and the scalability of the proposed method.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

"ENERGY APPROACH" FOR CALCULATING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BIORESOURCES OF THE HUNTING FARM "SVIYAZHSKOE"

O papel dos animais no ecossistema é determinado por uma ampla gama de fatores. Este é, antes de tudo, o número, a biomassa e a natureza da alimentação. Devido ao fato de que a taxa metabólica em diferentes grupos de animais não é a mesma, o indicador mais importante de sua importância no funcionamento do ecossistema é o fluxo de energia que passa pela comunidade (energia transformável). O artigo apresenta dados sobre o uso de energia transformável para avaliar os recursos de espécies terrestres de vertebrados nas condições da fazenda de caça "Sviyazhskoe. A abordagem implementada pode ser aplicada a diferentes territórios. Uma limitação fundamental pode ser apenas a ausência de dados sistemáticos sobre os registros de todos os grupos.The role of animals in the ecosystem is determined by a wide range of factors. This is, first of all, the number, biomass and nature of feeding. Due to the fact, that the metabolic rate in different groups of animals is not the same, the most integral indicator of their significance in the functioning of ecosystem is the energy flow, passing through the community (transformable energy). The article presents data on the use of transformable energy for assessing the resources of terrestrial vertebrate species in the conditions of the hunting farm "Sviyazhskoe. The implemented approach can be applied to different territories. A fundamental limitation can only be the absence of systematic data on the records of all groups.El papel de los animales en el ecosistema está determinado por una amplia gama de factores. Este es, en primer lugar, el número, la biomasa y la naturaleza de la alimentación. Debido al hecho de que la tasa metabólica en diferentes grupos de animales no es la misma, el indicador más integral de su importancia en el funcionamiento del ecosistema es el flujo de energía, que pasa a través de la comunidad (energía transformable). El artículo presenta datos sobre el uso de energía transformable para evaluar los recursos de las especies de vertebrados terrestres en las condiciones de la granja de caza "Sviyazhskoe. El enfoque implementado puede aplicarse a diferentes territorios. Una limitación fundamental solo puede ser la ausencia de datos sistemáticos sobre Los registros de todos los grupos

Synanthropic flora of Kuzbass

The article presents the materials of studies of the adventive flora of the Kemerovo region. For the territory of the Kemerovo region, we identified 244 alien species belonging to 162 genera and 50 families. As a result of the increasing process of invasion of new species into the territory of the region, the need for constant monitoring of alien species for the degree of their naturalization, especially in natural cenoses, is urgent. The problem of synanthropic plant species is becoming increasingly important not only for economically developed territories, but also for the relatively preserved mountain regions of Kuzbass. As a result of the studies, it was found that the synanthropic fraction of the Kuzbass flora, consisting of adventive and apophyte species, accounts for about 18% of the total composition of the flora of vascular plants in the Kemerovo region (60 apophyte species, 244 – advent ones). The revealed heterogeneity in the chorological, ecological and biological terms of the species of the adventive fraction makes it possible to find suitable conditions in various types of ecotopes on the territory of the Kemerovo region. This type of work can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for the preservation of natural phytosystems of Kuzbas

Representation of Game Phrase-Making Mechanisms in Educational Dictionary: Practical Lexicography

The practical experience of the vocabulary representation of the mechanisms of game phraseology is described, the difficulties of lexicography of phraseological units built on the game paradox are listed, the ways to solve the problem of etymologization of phraseological games in the educational dictionary are showed. The main positions of the innovative technology for constructing educational phraseological dictionaries in paper format are presented. The relevance of the research is due to the great developmental impact of phraseological games on the addressee-child and the need to improve the system of their lexicographic description for educational purposes. The novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the unexplored problematic of describing phraseological games and the development of a technique for etymological paraphrasing, including interpretive and plot-compositional techniques, which are implemented in a twolevel configurative structure of etymological paraphrase. Special attention is paid to lexicographic techniques that allow revealing the specifics of phraseological games built on false imagery, as well as phraseological games, the content plan of which is not opposed to the expression plan, and their actual meaning is logically justified and motivated. Examples of dictionary entries of new phraseographic projects of the Experimental Laboratory of Educational Lexicography of Pskov University are given — a quest dictionary and a phraseological puzzle dictionary, the genres of which adequately reveal the specifics of phraseological games

Past distribution of Tilia-feeding Phyllonorycter micromoth (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East based on survey of historical herbarium

Distribution data of Tilia-feeding Phyllonorycter in the Russian Far East have been retrieved from a century-old Tilia herbarium stored in Vladivostok. Overall, 280 typical mines of Phyllonorycter, some with larvae and pupae, were found on 61 out of 799 herbarized specimens of Tilia spp. collected in Khabarovskii krai and Primorskii krai. For the first time, the presence of Tilia-feeding Phyllonorycter has been documented in Amurskaya oblast and Jewish Autonomous oblast. High densities of the leafminer have been recorded on Tilia amurensis sampled in Khabarovskii krai and Primorskii krai between 1937 and 2005 suggesting a population dynamics with recurrent outbreaks. Our results confirm the importance of historical herbarium collections in studying trophic interactions and invasion ecology of folivore organisms

Toxic properties and allelopathic activity of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., known as yellow sweetclover (Fabaceae), is widely used in medicine and agriculture. At the same time, yellow sweetclover is a weed and invasive plant in Siberia. In Russia, M. officinalis is cultivated as a valuable medicinal, fodder and honey plant. Its widespread use is due to its high ecological plasticity. In recent years, an interest in cultivation of M. officinalis as a low maintenance multipurpose crop has increased in biological agriculture. The herb M. officinalis contains a rich complex of biologically active compounds. However, along with positive properties, this species, though with a rich chemical composition and high physiological activity, is toxic towards different groups of living organisms. The toxic effect of M. officinalis extracts is primarily due to the presence of coumarin. A high allelopathic activity of M. officinalis was revealed. The phytotoxic effect of herb extracts on germination of crop and weed seeds was studied in detail. Data on the fungicidal and insecticidal activity of M. officinalis were obtained. Laboratory and in situ studies showed that the aboveground part of M. officinalis is a potential source of biopesticides with a broad-spectrum effect (bioherbicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal)

Variation of the Epiphytic Lichen Diversity in a Gradient of Atmospheric Pollution: Do Taxonomic, Genetic, and Functional Distances between Species Add any Information? GENERAL BIOLOGY

22 Studying the influence of reduced biological diver sity on functioning and stability of ecosystems is one of the priorities of modern ecology If the distances between species are important for biodiversity assessment, then strong perturbations that disturb ecosystem equilibrium should lead to signifi cant differences between the indices of diversity and disparity. In this study, we aimed to test this hypothesis using the epiphytic lichen communities, which are extremely sensitive to atmospheric pollution of the biotic component

Identification of weeds from the cabbage family (Brassicaceae) found in the agrocenoses of the Russian Federation

Members of the Brassicaceae family are of great significance as weeds and invasive plants; they are one of the leading families of the alien fraction in the segetal floras of various regions of Russia. Among the cruciferous weeds growing over Russia, there are many species that are wild relatives to cultivated plants. Some cultivated species grow outside of their cultivation areas as ruderal and segetal plants. Among the cruciferous plants growing in Russia, 28 species out of 19 genera are regulated as harmful organisms in 33 different countries. Most of the species from this list are widespread weeds in Russia.To establish the presence of Brassicaceae species in Russian agrocenoses, we analyzed published sources, herbarium materials stored in the Russian leading herbaria, and materials collected by the authors during field explorations in 2017–2022 in 19 subject entities of the Russian Federation.  Identification of cruciferous plants is often a rather difficult task, so the goal of this work was to develop a convenient identification key that would make in possible to identify weeds of this family found in Russian agrocenoses.  Most of the available keys are designed for fruit-bearing specimens of cruciferous plants. For phytosanitary purposes, it is important to identify plants prior to their fruiting period. Therefore, we additionally used the characters of flowering plants (including their vegetative organs) enabling us to identify cruciferous plants at the flowering stage. Based on such features, a table was made, which included all weedy species of Brassicaceae found in agrocenoses within Russia (83 species in total). On the basis of this table, an identification key was produced for the identification of genera and some species of weedy cruciferous plants. Afterwards, fractional species-specific keys were made for the genera containing species controllable in importing countries

Asymmetric Faraday Effect in a Magnetophotonic Crystal

It is widely known that the magneto-optical Faraday effect is linear in magnetization and therefore the Faraday angles for the states with opposite magnetizations are of opposite sign but equal in modulus. Here we experimentally study propagation of light through a one-dimensional all-garnet magnetophotonic crystal to demonstrate an asymmetric Faraday effect (AFE) for which Faraday angles for opposite magnetic states differ not only in sign but in the absolute value as well. AFE appears in the vicinity of the cavity resonance for an oblique incidence of light which plane of polarization is inclined to the incidence plane. Under proper incidence and polarization angles the magnitude of AFE could be very large reaching 30% of the absolute value of the Faraday effect. The effect originates from the difference in Q-factors for p- and s- polarized cavity modes that breaks the symmetry between the two opposite directions of polarization rotation. The discovered AFE is of prime importance for nanoscale magnonics and optomagnetism.Comment: Supplementary information provided after the main tex