1,315 research outputs found
Dynamics of the vortex line density in superfluid counterflow turbulence
Describing superfluid turbulence at intermediate scales between the
inter-vortex distance and the macroscale requires an acceptable equation of
motion for the density of quantized vortex lines . The closure of such
an equation for superfluid inhomogeneous flows requires additional inputs
besides and the normal and superfluid velocity fields. In this paper
we offer a minimal closure using one additional anisotropy parameter .
Using the example of counterflow superfluid turbulence we derive two coupled
closure equations for the vortex line density and the anisotropy parameter
with an input of the normal and superfluid velocity fields. The
various closure assumptions and the predictions of the resulting theory are
tested against numerical simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
A breach in plant defences: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae targets ethylene signalling to overcome Actinidia chinensis pathogen responses
Ethylene interacts with other plant hormones to modulate many aspects of plant metabolism, including defence and stomata regulation. Therefore, its manipulation may allow plant pathogens to overcome the host’s immune responses. This work investigates the role of ethylene as a virulence factor for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the aetiological agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit. The pandemic, highly virulent biovar of this pathogen produces ethylene, whereas the biovars isolated in Japan and Korea do not. Ethylene production is modulated in planta by light/dark cycle. Exogenous ethylene application stimulates bacterial virulence, and restricts or increases host colonisation if performed before or after inoculation, respectively. The deletion of a gene, unrelated to known bacterial biosynthetic pathways and putatively encoding for an oxidoreductase, abolishes ethylene production and reduces the pathogen growth rate in planta. Ethylene production by Psa may be a recently and independently evolved virulence trait in the arms race against the host. Plantand pathogen-derived ethylene may concur in the activation/suppression of immune responses, in the chemotaxis toward a suitable entry point, or in the endophytic colonisation
Organization of sorting and surgery of wounds with soft tissue defects during the joint force surgery
Introduction. The experience of providing medical care during the Anti-terrorist operation in eastern Ukraine showed that in the structure of modern combat surgical trauma gunshot wounds with soft tissue defects are between 64.9-68.2%, of which 36.4-37.5% are small and medium, 28.5-30.7% are large and very large defects.Aim: To improve the results of providing surgical care to the wounded with soft tissue defects by introducing a variety of surgical tactics of wound closure to the medical care levels.Material and Methods. The total array of the study was 2537 wounded with shrapnel, bullet and mine injuries from April 2014 to September 2018. The determination of surgical tactics for closing soft tissue defects was performed at the basis of metric classification taking into account the area, volume and anatomical areas of the lesion.Results. The combination of metric characteristics of wound defects by area, volume with localization of wounds in a single classification allowed the offer of a comprehensive approach to sorting the wounded at the level of medical care and to determine further surgical tactics to close soft tissue defects. In accordance with the sorting and evacuation purposes, the wounded with gunshot wounds to the foot and hand (third zone of injury) were treated in specialised centres to the fourth level of medical care. In the case of medium and large wounds of the thigh, leg, shoulder and forearm, medical care was provided at the second and third levels. And in the case of large and very large wounds of the specified localisation was provided in specialised clinics of the fourth level.Conclusions. The introduction of differentiated surgical tactics in the wounded with soft tissue defects at the levels of medical care has improved functional results: increase the proportion of good from 46.9% to 53.7%, reduce the relative number of unsatisfactory from 18.8% to 11, 6%
The effect of static and dynamic low oxygen regimes during postharvest storage on ‘Granny Smith’ apple is disclosed by transcriptome and metabolic surveys
Does organic farming increase raspberry quality, aroma and beneficial bacterial biodiversity?
Plant-associated microbes can shape plant phenotype, performance, and productivity. Cultivation methods can influence the plant microbiome structure and differences observed in the nutritional quality of differently grown fruits might be due to variations in the microbiome taxonomic and functional composition. Here, the influence of organic and integrated pest management (IPM) cultivation on quality, aroma and microbiome of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits was evaluated. Differences in the fruit microbiome of organic and IPM raspberry were examined by next-generation sequencing and bacterial isolates characterization to highlight the potential contribution of the resident-microflora to fruit characteristics and aroma. The cultivation method strongly influenced fruit nutraceutical traits, aroma and epiphytic bacterial biocoenosis. Organic cultivation resulted in smaller fruits with a higher anthocyanidins content and lower titratable acidity content in comparison to IPM berries. Management practices also influenced the amounts of acids, ketones, aldehydes and monoterpenes, emitted by fruits. Our results suggest that the effects on fruit quality could be related to differences in the population of Gluconobacter, Sphingomonas, Rosenbergiella, Brevibacillus and Methylobacterium on fruit. Finally, changes in fruit aroma can be partly explained by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by key bacterial genera characterizing organic and IPM raspberry fruit
Local helioseismology of sunspot regions: comparison of ring-diagram and time-distance results
Local helioseismology provides unique information about the subsurface
structure and dynamics of sunspots and active regions. However, because of
complexity of sunspot regions local helioseismology diagnostics require careful
analysis of systematic uncertainties and physical interpretation of the
inversion results. We present new results of comparison of the ring-diagram
analysis and time-distance helioseismology for active region NOAA 9787, for
which a previous comparison showed significant differences in the subsurface
sound-speed structure, and discuss systematic uncertainties of the measurements
and inversions. Our results show that both the ring-diagram and time-distance
techniques give qualitatively similar results, revealing a characteristic
two-layer seismic sound-speed structure consistent with the results for other
active regions. However, a quantitative comparison of the inversion results is
not straightforward. It must take into account differences in the sensitivity,
spatial resolution and the averaging kernels. In particular, because of the
acoustic power suppression, the contribution of the sunspot seismic structure
to the ring-diagram signal can be substantially reduced. We show that taking
into account this effect reduces the difference in the depth of transition
between the negative and positive sound-speed variations inferred by these
methods. Further detailed analysis of the sensitivity, resolution and averaging
properties of the local helioseismology methods is necessary for consolidation
of the inversion results. It seems to be important that both methods indicate
that the seismic structure of sunspots is rather deep and extends to at least
20 Mm below the surface, putting constraints on theoretical models of sunspots.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (JPCS) GONG 2010 - SoHO 24 "A new era of seismology of the Sun and
solar-like stars", June 27 - July 2, 2010 Aix-en-Provence, Franc
Experimental investigation of animals survival adequacy and efficacy in case of their soft tissues gunshot wounds using the thermometry technique
The problem of gunshot wounds treatment is one of the urgent and incompletely
resolved issues of modern surgery. Diagnosis of gunshot wounds is currently not efficient
enough. There was a need to improve the content and scope of medical care with the
possibility of strengthening its diagnostic chain. The aim of the work is to substantiate
experimentally the feasibility and effectiveness of using diagnostic infrared thermometry in gunshot wounds of the soft tissues of the extremities. Experimental studies were performed
under the chronic experimental conditions on Shinshilla breed rabbits which were subjected to
gunshot wounds followed by laboratory, morphological and functional examination for 5
days. The animals were divided into 3 groups depending on the type of gunshot wound that
was inflicted. The animals were removed from the experiment by the introduction of
chloroethyl anesthesia on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days, after which the soft tissues with the capsule
surrounding the fragment were subjected to histological and electron microscopic
examination. On the 1st day of the study, a significant decrease in the diameter of the blood
vessels of the affected area was determined in the group of animals that were subject to injury
with firearms and metal fragments from the explosion of a grenade and an improvised
explosive device. It was in these groups that the highest mortality rate was registered. Under
the specified conditions of injury to the limbs of animals, as well as when injured by a
pneumatic weapon with a temperature of fragments of 100 oC, pronounced changes in pulse
and respiratory rate were noted. In further studies on rabbits on the 3rd and 5th days of the
experiment, the actual results did not differ from those obtained 24 hrs after injury. Those
rabbits that survived after the reproduction of various gunshot wounds had the greatest value.
The results of their thermometric measurements were evaluated in the dynamics of
experimental gunshot wounds and revealed the dependence of animal survival after gunshot
wounds on the temperature of the limb in the area of the wound.
There are the following leading criteria in favor of animals further survival after
gunshot wounds - the presence of a perforating vessel in the area surrounding the affected
space; the size of the diameter of the vessels in the adjacent area; no hemorrhage in the
muscle tissue located near the affected area; comparable with normal data of the functional
parameters of the animal's body – heart rate, blood oxygen pressure and respiration;
thermometry results. The limb thermometry has the important prognostic value after their
gunshot wound in terms of experimental animals survival. The correspondence of high
thermometry indexes after a gunshot wound vs the higher risk of an animal death is
statistically reliable and, accordingly, insignificant thermometric dynamics throughout the
experiment is in favor of a positive outcome after injury. It is extremely important to evaluate
thermometry data during the first 24 hours after receiving gunshot wounds, since we found
out the maximum validity of this method in the early time intervals. All this, with adequate
clinical testing and verification, has the most important medical prospects, aimed primarily at saving time for diagnostic measures and procedures. Thermometry allows to judge the activity and severity of connective tissue inflammation or sclerosis in the lesions of each
wound and provides the possibility of clinical application of remote thermography as a noninvasive method of diagnosis and prediction of complications in wounded with gunshot and explosives in various wounds
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