Erratum: Dirichlet Forms and Dirichlet Operators for Infinite Particle Systems: Essential Self-adjointness

We reprove the essential self-adjointness of the Dirichlet operators of Dirchlet forms for infinite particle systems with superstable and sub-exponentially decreasing interactions.Comment: This is an erratum to the work appeared in J. Math. Phys. 39(12), 6509-6536 (1998

Demonstration of a quantum-enhanced fiber Sagnac interferometer

The injection of squeezed light can be used to improve the sensitivity of an interferometer beyond the limit imposed by the zero-point fluctuation of the electromagnetic field. Here, we report on the realization of such a quantum-enhanced interferometer with a fiber-based Sagnac topology. Continuous wave squeezed states at 1550 nm with a noise reduction of 6.4 dB below shot noise were produced by type I optical parametric amplification and subsequently injected into the dark port of the interferometer. A reduction of the interferometer shot noise by 4.5 dB was observed, and the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio for a phase modulation signal generated within the interferometer could be demonstrated. We achieved a 95% fiber transmission for the squeezed states, which suggests that corresponding fiber-based quantum metrology and communication systems are feasible

SLE local martingales in logarithmic representations

A space of local martingales of SLE type growth processes forms a representation of Virasoro algebra, but apart from a few simplest cases not much is known about this representation. The purpose of this article is to exhibit examples of representations where L_0 is not diagonalizable - a phenomenon characteristic of logarithmic conformal field theory. Furthermore, we observe that the local martingales bear a close relation with the fusion product of the boundary changing fields. Our examples reproduce first of all many familiar logarithmic representations at certain rational values of the central charge. In particular we discuss the case of SLE(kappa=6) describing the exploration path in critical percolation, and its relation with the question of operator content of the appropriate conformal field theory of zero central charge. In this case one encounters logarithms in a probabilistically transparent way, through conditioning on a crossing event. But we also observe that some quite natural SLE variants exhibit logarithmic behavior at all values of kappa, thus at all central charges and not only at specific rational values.Comment: 40 pages, 7 figures. v3: completely rewritten, new title, new result

Fusion algebra of critical percolation

We present an explicit conjecture for the chiral fusion algebra of critical percolation considering Virasoro representations with no enlarged or extended symmetry algebra. The representations we take to generate fusion are countably infinite in number. The ensuing fusion rules are quasi-rational in the sense that the fusion of a finite number of these representations decomposes into a finite direct sum of these representations. The fusion rules are commutative, associative and exhibit an sl(2) structure. They involve representations which we call Kac representations of which some are reducible yet indecomposable representations of rank 1. In particular, the identity of the fusion algebra is a reducible yet indecomposable Kac representation of rank 1. We make detailed comparisons of our fusion rules with the recent results of Eberle-Flohr and Read-Saleur. Notably, in agreement with Eberle-Flohr, we find the appearance of indecomposable representations of rank 3. Our fusion rules are supported by extensive numerical studies of an integrable lattice model of critical percolation. Details of our lattice findings and numerical results will be presented elsewhere.Comment: 12 pages, v2: comments and references adde

Upper estimate of martingale dimension for self-similar fractals

We study upper estimates of the martingale dimension $d_m$ of diffusion processes associated with strong local Dirichlet forms. By applying a general strategy to self-similar Dirichlet forms on self-similar fractals, we prove that $d_m=1$ for natural diffusions on post-critically finite self-similar sets and that $d_m$ is dominated by the spectral dimension for the Brownian motion on Sierpinski carpets.Comment: 49 pages, 7 figures; minor revision with adding a referenc

Enforcement from the inside: Improving quality of business in process management

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Endothelin receptor B antagonists decrease glioma cell viability independently of their cognate receptor

Background: Endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit the progression of many cancers, but research into their influence on glioma has been limited. Methods: We treated glioma cell lines, LN-229 and SW1088, and melanoma cell lines, A375 and WM35, with two endothelin receptor type B (ETRB)-specific antagonists, A-192621 and BQ788, and quantified viable cells by the capacity of their intracellular esterases to convert non-fluorescent calcein AM into green-fluorescent calcein. We assessed cell proliferation by labeling cells with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and quantifying the fluorescence by FACS analysis. We also examined the cell cycle status using BrdU/propidium iodide double staining and FACS analysis. We evaluated changes in gene expression by microarray analysis following treatment with A-192621 in glioma cells. We examined the role of ETRB by reducing its expression level using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results: We report that two ETRB-specific antagonists, A-192621 and BQ788, reduce the number of viable cells in two glioma cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We describe similar results for two melanoma cell lines. The more potent of the two antagonists, A-192621, decreases the mean number of cell divisions at least in part by inducing a G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Microarray analysis of the effects of A-192621 treatment reveals up-regulation of several DNA damage-inducible genes. These results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Importantly, reducing expression of ETRB with siRNAs does not abrogate the effects of either A-192621 or BQ788 in glioma or melanoma cells. Furthermore, BQ123, an endothelin receptor type A (ETRA)-specific antagonist, has no effect on cell viability in any of these cell lines, indicating that the ETRB-independent effects on cell viability exhibited by A-192621 and BQ788 are not a result of ETRA inhibition. Conclusion: While ETRB antagonists reduce the viability of glioma cells in vitro, it appears unlikely that this effect is mediated by ETRB inhibition or cross-reaction with ETRA. Instead, we present evidence that A-192621 affects glioma and melanoma viability by activating stress/DNA damage response pathways, which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This is the first evidence linking ETRB antagonist treatment to enhanced expression of DNA damage-inducible genes