74 research outputs found

    Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socioeconomic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake

    Get PDF
    Saltwater resources with Artemia (Brine shrimp) are the important ecosystems in Semi-arid Areas. That can play an important role in sustaining the economic and social system. Alternatively, will ensure that economic and social issues with of continuity and sustainability of these ecosystems resident. This study carried out "Effects of Artemia parthenogenetica culturing on socio-economic development of the eastern marginal lands, Qom Salt Lake" that was ordered by Qom province general directorate of fisheries during the 2012-2013. According to previous studies, despite the potential of human resources and Social conditions for the development of economic activities, factors such as the low groundwater and drying the salt lake , lack of fresh water in the region, environmental problems , successive droughts, prioritize and rationalize water use in agriculture, Artemia cyst harvest or Artemia culture has made virtually impossible with the current situation and has deprived the tools to make investments for the construction of earthen ponds and exploitation of native Artemia in the eastern margin of the Qom lake . Also, due to the occurrence of the Lake in the national park and privacy protection and Prohibited areas of environmental protection organization, it seems unlikely that this organization grant approval agreement required for any exploitation

    A Survey of Air-to-Ground Propagation Channel Modeling for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

    Full text link
    In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), particularly for small UAVs, due to their affordable prices, ease of availability, and ease of operability. Existing and future applications of UAVs include remote surveillance and monitoring, relief operations, package delivery, and communication backhaul infrastructure. Additionally, UAVs are envisioned as an important component of 5G wireless technology and beyond. The unique application scenarios for UAVs necessitate accurate air-to-ground (AG) propagation channel models for designing and evaluating UAV communication links for control/non-payload as well as payload data transmissions. These AG propagation models have not been investigated in detail when compared to terrestrial propagation models. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is provided on available AG channel measurement campaigns, large and small scale fading channel models, their limitations, and future research directions for UAV communication scenarios

    Establishment of gene bank of inland water fish species

    Get PDF
    Genetic knowledge helps to protect biodiversity and optimal harvest resources by several ways. This knowledge can help to reduce the risk of extinction to those populations that have high genetic diversity or diminished by detected them. Also, studies of population genetics can present guidelines for improving the structure of the population and understanding the biology of species. One of the most important applications of DNA database is detecting species, fishing offense, diagnose of anemia and genetic classification of animals. DNA bank has helped to identify the species that are hunted and were discovered only parts of their meat and texture. Optimal Storage of aquatic genetic resources and the conservation of biological diversity, as the national capital by using biotechnology methods are the most important goals of gene bank and database reserves of the country creation. Collecting biological specimens of aquatic species, preparation and long-term maintenance of them, genetic registration of endangered and threatened species and the use of biotechnology techniques for the protection, conservation and management of aquatic genetic resources is one of the other functions of the gene bank. Gene bank of inland waters of Iran (Gorgan) is planned and implemented to identify, collect, maintain and protect species at the level of genes, cells, tissues and live fish research and commercial exploitation. Despite the predicted projected funding for this project, unfortunately funding sources have been considered, does not allocated. Therefore some parts of the aims of this project has been organized by Golestan province credits to build molecular laboratory and aquaculture pond in Alang farm and exploitation of potential Gharasou station and Sijoval center restocking and the conditions for the bulk of the project goals is provided. Some parts like tissue culture laboratory and bioinformatics as well as parts and equipment related to the freezing of sperm and embryo development are the items that should be considered in the development of the this bank

    pO polarography, contrast enhanced color duplex sonography (CDS), [18F] fluoromisonidazole and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: validated methods for the evaluation of therapy-relevant tumor oxygenation or only bricks in the puzzle of tumor hypoxia?

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study was conducted to analyze the value of ([<sup>18</sup>F] fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) and [<sup>18</sup>F]-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET as well as color pixel density (CPD) and tumor perfusion (TP) assessed by color duplex sonography (CDS) for determination of therapeutic relevant hypoxia. As a standard for measuring tissue oxygenation in human tumors, the invasive, computerized polarographic needle electrode system (pO<sub>2 </sub>histography) was used for comparing the different non invasive measurements.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Until now a total of 38 Patients with malignancies of the head and neck were examined. Tumor tissue pO<sub>2 </sub>was measured using a pO<sub>2</sub>-histograph. The needle electrode was placed CT-controlled in the tumor without general or local anesthesia. To assess the biological and clinical relevance of oxygenation measurement, the relative frequency of pO<sub>2 </sub>readings, with values ≤ 2.5, ≤ 5.0 and ≤ 10.0 mmHg, as well as mean and median pO<sub>2 </sub>were stated. FMISO PET consisted of one static scan of the relevant region, performed 120 min after intravenous administration. FMISO tumor to muscle ratios (FMISO<sub>T/M</sub>) and tumor to blood ratios (FMISO<sub>T/B</sub>) were calculated. FDG PET of the lymph node metastases was performed 71 ± 17 min after intravenous administration. To visualize as many vessels as possible by CDS, a contrast enhancer (Levovist<sup>®</sup>, Schering Corp., Germany) was administered. Color pixel density (CPD) was defined as the ratio of colored to grey pixels in a region of interest. From CDS signals two parameters were extracted: color hue – defining velocity (v) and color area – defining perfused area (A). Signal intensity as a measure of tissue perfusion (TP) was quantified as follows: TP = v<sub>mean </sub>× A<sub>mean</sub>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In order to investigate the degree of linear association, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient. Slight (|r| > 0.4) to moderate (|r| > 0.6) correlation was found between the parameters of pO<sub>2 </sub>polarography (pO<sub>2 </sub>readings with values ≤ 2.5, ≤ 5.0 and ≤ 10.0 mmHg, as well as median pO<sub>2</sub>), CPD and FMISO<sub>T/M</sub>. Only a slight correlation between TP and the fraction of pO<sub>2 </sub>values ≤ 10.0 mmHg, median and mean pO<sub>2 </sub>could be detected. After exclusion of four outliers the absolute values of the Pearson correlation coefficients increased clearly. There was no relevant association between mean or maximum FDG uptake and the different polarographic- as well as the CDS parameters.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CDS and FMISO PET represent different approaches for estimation of therapy relevant tumor hypoxia. Each of these approaches is methodologically limited, making evaluation of clinical potential in prospective studies necessary.</p

    Frequency and clinical patterns of stroke in Iran - Systematic and critical review

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cerebrovascular disease is the second commonest cause of death, and over a third of stroke deaths occur in developing countries. To fulfil the current gap on data, this systematic review is focused on the frequency of stroke, risk factors, stroke types and mortality in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirteen relevant articles were identified by keyword searching of PubMed, Iranmedex, Iranian University index Libraries and the official national data on burden of diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The publication dates ranged from 1990 to 2008. The annual stroke incidence of various ages ranged from 23 to 103 per 100,000 population. This is comparable to the figures from Arab Countries, higher than sub-Saharan Africa, but lower than developed countries, India, the Caribbean, Latin America, and China. Similarly to other countries, ischaemic stroke was the commonest subtype. Likewise, the most common related risk factor is hypertension in adults, but cardiac causes in young stroke. The 28-day case fatality rate is reported at 19-31%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data on the epidemiology of stroke, its pattern and risk factors from Iran is scarce, but the available data highlights relatively low incidence of stroke. This may reflect a similarity towards the neighbouring nations, and a contrast with the West.</p

    Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

    Get PDF
    Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

    Development of electrically conductive hybrid nanofibers based on CNT-polyurethane nanocomposite for cardiac tissue engineering

    No full text
    Conductive nanofibers have been considered as one of the most interesting and promising candidate scaffolds for cardiac patch applications with capability to improve cell-cell communication. Here, we successfully fabricated electroconductive nanofibrous patches by simultaneous electrospray of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on polyurethane nanofibers. A series of CNT/PU nanocomposites with different weight ratios (2:10, 3:10, and 6:10wt%) were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, conductivity analysis, water contact angle measurements, and tensile tests were used to characterize the scaffolds. FESEM showed that CNTs were adhered on PU nanofibers and created an interconnected web-like structures. The SEM images also revealed that the diameters of nanofibers were decreased by increasing CNTs. The electrical conductivity, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and hydrophilicity of CNT/PU nanocomposites also enhanced after adding CNTs. The scaffolds revealed suitable cytocompatibility for H9c2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study indicated that simultaneous electrospinning and electrospray can be used to fabricate conductive CNT/PUnanofibers, resulting in better cytocompatibility and improved interactions between the scaffold and cardiomyoblast

    ENHANCED KERR NONLINEARITY IN A FOUR-LEVEL EIT MEDIUM

    No full text
    corecore